海上博物馆：阿布扎比卢浮宫 / 让·努维尔建筑事务所

Ateliers Jean Nouvel

“身处任何一个气候带的人们，都更喜欢那些反常的天气。在寒冷处希望温暖些。在热带又渴望凉爽。人们难以忍受急剧升高的温度，艺术品也不可以。这些基本的观察影响了阿布扎比卢浮宫的设计。这座建筑希望成为一个温暖亲切的空间，宁静地将光与影映射出来。它希望自己属于所在的这个国家，忠诚于它的历史和它的地理特性，而非变成那种陈旧繁冗的设计赘语。”

——让·努维尔，《博物馆与大海》段一

在传统阿拉伯建筑文化的影响下，普利兹克奖得主让·努维尔找到了阿布扎比卢浮宫的设计灵感，并将其设计为一座海上“博物馆之城”。它的一系列特征鲜明的白房子受到麦地那和阿拉伯低洼处房屋的影响，这座“博物馆之城”由55座相对独立又互相连接的建筑组成，其中包括23间画廊。建筑群的立面由3900块高性能纤维混凝土板（UHPC）构成。

Pritzker-prize winning architect Jean Nouvel sought inspiration for the concept of Louvre Abu Dhabi in traditional Arabic architectural culture, and designed Louvre Abu Dhabi as a ‘museum city’ in the sea. Its contrasting series of white buildings take inspiration from the medina and low-lying Arab settlements. In total, 55 individual but connected buildings, including 26 galleries, make up this museum city. The façades of the buildings are made up of 3,900 panels of ultra-high performance fibre concrete (UHPC).

博物馆是传统设计与现代建造技艺之结合的产物。其宁静的环境鼓励人们细心感受此处阳光，穹顶，海洋，建筑以及陆地之间的互动关系。
The museum design is a collaboration between traditional design and mode construction techniques. The tranquil environment encourages visitors to enjoy the ever-changing relationship between the sun and the dome and between sea, buildings and land.

一个直径达180米的巨大圆形穹顶覆盖了建筑群的绝大部分。人们从海面、附近区域以及阿布扎比市中心，都可以清晰地看见这一极具感染力的结构。由奥地利专业钢结构公司Waagner Biro建造，这座穹顶包含8层结构：4个不锈钢外层，以及4个铝制内层；一个5米高的钢架将两部分区分开来。钢架由10000个结构部件构成，它们预先装配在85个超大尺寸的部分中，每部分平均重达50吨。
A vast dome, 180 metres in diameter, covers the majority of the museum city. This impressive structure is visible from the sea, the surrounding areas and Abu Dhabi city centre. Constructed by Waagner Biro (specialists in steel structures), the dome consists of eight different layers: four outer layers clad in stainless steel and four inner layers clad in aluminium, separated by a steel frame five metres high. The frame is made of 10,000 structural components pre-assembled into 85 super-sized elements, each weighing on average 50 tonnes.

穹顶的复杂图案得自于严谨深入的几何学研究。在8层相互叠加的结构中，穹顶的图案以不同大小和角度被反复排布在一起。在出现或消失前，每一束光线都需要穿过这8个层次；当光线在一日中转移变化，我们最终得到光雨般的梦幻效果。在夜间，穹顶形成7850颗星星的璀璨，无论从室内或室外都可以看见。这一“光雨”效果是设计概念的一个最重要特征，也是设计里无数模型的主题。
The dome’s complex patte is the result of a highly studied geometric design. The patte is repeated at various sizes and angles in the eight superimposed layers. Each ray of light penetrates the eight layers before appearing or disappearing. The result is a cinematic ‘Rain of Light’ effect as the sun’s path progresses throughout the day. At night, it forms 7,850 stars visible from both inside and out. This ‘Rain of Light’ effect has been the subject of many models and mock ups over the years and is one of the defining features of the concept.

穹顶由四根墩柱支撑，相互间间隔为110米。它们隐藏于博物馆建筑内部，让人产生穹顶仿佛是飘浮着一般的错觉。从首层地面到覆层的底部，室内穹顶高29米。整座穹顶结构的最高点海拔为40米，比首层地面高出36米。
The dome is supported by four permanent piers, each 110 metres apart, hidden within the museum buildings to give the impression that the dome is floating. The interior dome elevation is 29 metres from the ground floor to the underside of the cladding. The highest point of the dome is 40 metres above sea level and 36 metres above ground floor level.

The interior exhibition spaces, comprising museum galleries, temporary exhibition spaces and Children’s Museum, make up 8,600 square metres, with permanent galleries covering approximately 6,400 square metres. The two-storey Children’s Museum lays out around 200 square metres for Louvre Abu Dhabi’s youngest visitors.

博物馆画廊的地面、墙面和屋顶表皮都由努维尔专门设计。它们进一步强调出阿布扎比卢浮宫的宏伟气度。地面铺设有镶有铜制边框的石板；每间画廊所用的石材，都呼应着其所陈列的艺术品的特殊年代。
Specially designed by Jean Nouvel, the floors, walls and ceiling surfaces of the museum galleries re-enforce the palatial dimensions of Louvre Abu Dhabi. The floor paving is made of stone modules framed in bronze: throughout the galleries, the choice of stone responds to the period of the artworks on show.

展厅的墙面设计提供了高度的灵活性，所有的辅助性构件都得以被隐藏在特制的凹槽之中。

The walls provide hanging flexibility: all subsidiary equipment may be concealed within special wall slots.

经穹顶过滤的自然光线散布在各间画廊之内，无论是通过侧面的能看见周围风景的窗户，或是屋顶天窗。画廊内共有17座玻璃屋顶，每座都由18种不同的玻璃板组成，共使用了25000块独立的玻璃板材。玻璃天花板与自然光和人造光一同，为展品营造出最为理想的照明系统。
Filtered natural light can be present in all the galleries, either from lateral windows with views onto the surrounding environment or through zenithal lighting. This involves the use of glass mirrors to capture sunlight and direct it into the gallery spaces while also scattering rays to avoid glare. There are 17 glass ceilings within the museum galleries. Each is made up of 18 different types of glass panels. In total, there are over 25,000 individual pieces of glass. These glass ceilings incorporate both natural and artificial lighting to provide an optimal lighting system for the artworks on display.

阿布扎比卢浮宫的复杂工程学原理使之成为近年建成的最具革新力和挑战性的博物馆项目之一。博物馆建造于2013至2017年，在建成之前，便已获得多项荣誉。

Louvre Abu Dhabi’s complex engineering concept has made it one of the most innovative and challenging museum projects built in recent times. The construction of the museum took place from 2013 to 2017. Prior to completion, Louvre Abu Dhabi has already received three inteational awards: winner of the ‘Project of the Future’ category of the Identity Design Award in 2015; the European Steel Design Award in 2017, received with Waagner Biro, the Louvre Abu Dhabi dome specialist, and winner of the ‘Most Prominent UAE Project’ category of the Identity Design Award in 2017.

Programme Permanent exhibition galleries, temporary exhibition galleries, children’s museum, auditorium, storage, conservation building, restoration workshops, public spaces, administration building, restaurant, café, boutique.

Key Figures
Built up area 97,000m²
All gallery spaces 8,600m²
Permanent galleries 6,400m²
Exhibitions 2,000m²
Children’s Museum 200m²
Auditorium 420m² / 250 seats

Concept Design: 2006 – 2007
Design Development Phases: 2007 – 2012
Construction: 2013 – 2017
LOCATION: Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi
OWNER:TCA (Abu Dhabi Tourism & Culture Authority)
CLIENT: TDIC (Tourism Development & Investment Company)
CLIENT ADVISOR:AFM (Agence France-Muséums)
ARCHITECT/ MUSEOGRAPHY: Jean Nouvel (Ateliers Jean Nouvel – Paris, FR)
PARTNER ARCHITECT: Hala WARDE (HW architecture – Paris, FR)
ARTISTIC COMMISSION: Jenny HOLZER, Giuseppe PENONE
PROJECT LEADERS: Achitecture / Interior Design / Museography : Jean-François BOURDET, Anna UGOLINI
Design: Sabrina LETOURNEUR, Frédéric IMBERT
Construction: Damien FARAUT, Athina FARAUT
SENIOR ARCHITECTS: Rolando RODRIGUEZ-LEAL, Mireia SALA FONT, Anne TRABAND, Michal TREDER, Natalia WRZASK
ARCHITECTS
Concept phase: Raphael RENARD, Reda SLAOUI, Youssef TOHME, Qiang ZOU
Design Development phases:
Project Manager: Stefan Zopp, Kris GELDOF
Roula AKIKI, Alessandro BALDUCCI, Jessica CALDI, Camille DAUTY, Mark DAVIS, Stacy EISENBERG, Marion FOUCAULT, Steven FUHRMAN, Virginie HECKLE, Stéphanie MENEM, Abel PATACHO, Miguel REYES, Reda SLAOUI, Kathryn STUTTS, Jordi VINYALS, Sébastien YEOU
Construction : Mariam ABUEBEID, Sara AL SAWI, Kelly ANASTASSIOU, Donna ASHRAF, Jessica CALDI, Daniella DE ALMEIDA, Fay EL MUTWALLI, Steven FUHRMAN, Maryam HOSNY, Zaina KHAYYAT, Stéphanie MENEM, Youmna NAJJAR, Miguel REYES
INTERIOR DESIGN
Floriane ABELLO, Lucas DUMON, Isabella GARBAGNATI, Jaiyao HUANG, Tanguy NGUYEN, François ZAB

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