深圳市龙岗区龙城特勤消防站 / 深大建筑设计院“钟中+钟波涛”工作室

编辑：宋轶文（实习） | 校对：李博超 | 2023.12.19 09:23

设计单位 深圳大学建筑设计研究院有限公司“钟中+钟波涛”工作室（Z&ZSTUDIO）

项目地点 广东省深圳市

建成时间 2019年11月

建筑面积 6914.5平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

深圳市龙城特勤消防站位于深圳市龙岗区龙城街道清水路与倚山路交汇处，是“深圳市新型消防站标准化设计”中第一个在龙岗区建成的特勤消防站。基地周边环境复杂，西侧文体活动中心对消防站有噪声干扰，东北侧有高压线，北侧有规划成品油和高压天燃气设施，是城市边界的高风险地带，对城市与建筑有重大安全隐患。

Shenzhen Longcheng Special Service Fire Station, situated at the intersection of Qingshui Road and Yishan Road, Longcheng Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen, is the first special service fire station built in line with the “standardized design of Shenzhen New Fire Station” in Longgang District. The ground is square in shape, but the surrounding environment of the base is complex. The cultural and sports center on the west side has noise interference to the fire station. There are high voltage lines on the northeast side and planned refined oil and high-pressure natural gas facilities on the north side. It is a high-risk zone on the city boundary, posing major security risks to the city and buildings.

因此我们将建筑放在南侧，场地放在北侧，避开成品油、高压天燃气设施和高压线，退让出尽可能大的花园作为“呼吸空间”，同时面向城市临街出车，如同龙城“飞将”守卫一方平安。

Therefore, the building is constructed on the south side, leaving the site on the north side, so as to avoid the refined oil and high-pressure natural gas facilities as well as high-voltage lines, and make room for gardens, the “breathing space” as far as possible. In the meantime, fast response from the city street, just like the “winged general” in the Longcheng Special Service Fire Station, guards the safety of one region.

01 项目概况

本项目位于深圳市龙岗区龙城街道，形状呈方形。基地南侧为高层住宅小区玉湖山畔，东侧为厂房，西侧为文体活动中心，北侧紧邻深圳外环高速。

The project is located in Longcheng Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen, with a square shape. Yuhu Shanpan high-rise residential community is on south side of the site, the factory on the east side, and cultural and sports center on the west side, adjacent to Shenzhen Outer Ring Highway on the north side.

项目用地面积5187.09平方米，属于特勤消防站，可停放12辆消防车，容积率1.06，总建筑面积6914.5平方米。其中，项目计容建筑面积5520平方米，不计容建筑面积1394.5平方米，包括一栋4层消防业务大楼和一栋8层训练塔及一层地下室，是一座衔接城市与绿地且处在城郊结合部的典型“集中式”消防站。

Covering a construction area of 5187.09㎡, it is a special service fire station, which can accommodate 12 fire trucks, with the floor area ratio of 1.06. The total construction area is 6914.5㎡, of which the capacity building area is 5520㎡, and non-capacity building area is 1394.5㎡, including a 4-story fire service building, an 8-story training tower and a basement. Located at the junction of suburban areas, it is a typical “centralized” fire station that connects the city and green space.

02 城市关系

龙城特勤消防站用地西侧的文体活动中心对消防站有噪声干扰，东北侧有高压线，北侧有规划成品油和高压天燃气设施，对建筑设计有重大影响，设计将建筑放在南侧，场地放在北侧，避开成品油、高压天燃气设施和高压线。

The cultural and sports center on the west side of the land of Longcheng Special Service Fire Station has noise interference to the fire station, and high voltage lines on the northeast side, as well as the planned refined oil and high-pressure natural gas facilities on the north side have a significant impact on the architectural design. Therefore, the building is designed to be constructed on the south side and the site on the north side, avoiding refined oil, high-pressure natural gas facilities and high voltage lines.

为了满足消防站1分钟快速出警，我们将传统消防站的“内院式”出车改为新型消防站的“临街出车”，直接面对南侧倚山路。消防车库出车口面宽为59.4米，与路边的间距为15米，为北侧留下了开敞的“呼吸空间”。

In order to meet the rapid response of fire cases within one minute, “inner courtyard” exit of the traditional fire station is changed to the “drive-out by street” of the new fire station, directly facing the Yishan Road on the south side. The exit of the fire garage is 59.4m wide, and the distance from the roadside is 15m, leaving an open “breathing space” for the north side.

03 总体布局

本项目用地南侧与倚山路相邻，设置主出入口，包括消防车库出车口及出车广场，供消防员出警、回车用。西南侧为人行主出入口，供消防员和参观人进入，东侧的次入口是后勤及地下室出入口。我们将消防训练场地、跑道和篮球场设置在北侧，留出尽可能大的花园作为“呼吸空间”。

The south side of the project land is adjacent to Yishan Road, where the main entrance is set up, including the exit of the fire garage and the exit square, for the firefighters to go in and out. The southwest side is the main entrance for firefighters and visitors. The secondary entrance on the east side is the logistics and basement entrance. The fire training field, running track and basketball court are on the north side, leaving gardens, the “breathing space” as large as possible.

04 退线分析

项目用地紧张，无法完全按照深圳地方规范要求退让，经与规划局多次沟通论证退线问题，最后争取到较为合理的退让方式：用地东侧退1.8米，南侧退15.0米，西侧退2.2米，北侧退50米，在紧张的用地里科学合理地布局消防站及运动场地。

Due to the shortage of land for the project, setback line could not be made in accordance with the requirements of Shenzhen local regulations. After communicating with the Planning Bureau for many times to demonstrate the setback line, more reasonable setback lines were finally proposed: moving 1.8m on the east side, 15.0m on the south side, 2.2m on the west side and 50m on the north side, so as to ensure scientific and reasonable fire station and sports ground in the tense land.

05 功能分布

龙城特勤消防站采用“集中式”布局。由一栋4层高17.7米的业务楼和一栋8层高32.75米的训练塔组成。用地周边影响多，需要设计团队合理布置站体、出车广场和训练场地，妥善解决项目与周边环境的矛盾。

Longcheng Special Service Fire Station adopts the “centralized” layout, consisting of a 4-storey business building with the height of 17.7m and an 8-storey training tower with the height of 32.75m. There is various interference around the land, so it is necessary to rationally arrange the station, the dispatch square and the training ground, and properly solve the contradiction between the project and the surrounding environment.

消防车临街直接出车，首层停放12辆消防车，大大提高出警效率。用地南侧为主要出入口，消防员和参观者由此进入消防站，对外开放区位于一层和夹层。消防车库面向出车广场，一层为门厅、餐厅、器材库等，二层为备勤室，干部备勤、中队办公等，北侧配套洗室和淋浴间，三层和四层为业务用房和业辅用房，主要功能为应急救援仓库和设备用房，地下室入口在建筑东北角。此外，在楼栋多处设置空中花园，丰富了消防员的生活。

Fire trucks directly drive out from the street, and 12 fire trucks can park on first floor, greatly improving the efficiency of the police. The main access is on south side of the site, through which firefighters and visitors enter the fire station. The open area is located on the ground floor and mezzanine. The fire garage faces the vehicle square. The hall, the restaurant, the equipment warehouse, etc., are on the first floor, the standby room, the cadre standby room, and the squadron office are on second floor. The washing room and the shower room are on the north side, and the business room and the auxiliary room are on the third and fourth floor, which mainly function as emergency rescue warehouses and equipment rooms, and the basement entrance is in the northeast corner of the building.In addition, hanging gardens are set up in many parts of the building to enrich the lives of firefighters.

本项目采用绿色建筑和海绵城市技术，通过设计屋顶果园、下凹式绿地等措施吸纳、蓄渗雨水，并有效控制场地内雨水径流。

This project adopts green building and sponge city technology, absorbs and accumulates rainwater by rooftop orchards, sunken green spaces and so forth, effectively controlling rainwater runoff in the site.

06 流线组织

龙城特勤消防站的南侧为主要出入口，消防员和参观者由此进入消防站。市民周末和节假日参观时，可通过电梯到达二层连廊，参观消防车库和车库屋顶的绿化果园，并可俯瞰训练场地。预约参观时，可通过一条完整流线将开放区参观完毕，封闭区与开放区连接处均设有管理口，做到完全不影响消防员日常训练及出勤。

On the south side of the Longcheng Special Service Fire Station is the main entrance for firefighters and visitors to enter the fire station. When visiting on weekends and holidays, the public can reach the corridor on second floor through elevator on the first floor, visit the fire garage and the green orchard on the roof of the garage, and overlook the training ground. When booking a visit, the open area can be visited through a complete streamline line, and the connection between the closed area and the open area is equipped with a management port, so that it does not affect the daily training and attendance of firefighters.

07 造型风格

我们在“深圳市新型消防站标准化设计”的基础上优化升级，加入了个性化元素，采用更加现代、简约的设计手法。用白、灰、木色等材料对比、体块穿套与折板组合，在集约、紧凑的形体上，清晰地表达了建筑功能和形式的对应关系。同时采用竖向格栅、立面开洞、木色盒子、局部架空、空中花园等手法，适应了岭南炎热多雨的气候。肃穆端庄的建筑形态，也展现出龙城消防站具有某种庄严稳重的“安全卫士”形象。

The design is optimized and upgraded on the basis of “Shenzhen new fire station standardized design”, adds personalized elements, and adopts a more modern and simple design method. Through the contrast of white, grey, wood and other materials, as well as the combination of the volume and the folding plate, it clearly expresses the corresponding relationship between the function and form of the building in the intensive and compact form. At the same time, vertical grille, facade holes, wooden boxes, local aerial, hanging garden and so forth are used to adapt to the hot and rainy climate of Lingnan. The solemn and dignified architectural form also shows the solemn and stable “security guard” image of Longcheng Fire Station.