迹·建筑事务所（TAO）新作：海口江东寰岛实验学校

编辑：袁蓓祺 | 校对：袁蓓祺 | 2023.05.19 17:56

设计单位 迹·建筑事务所（TAO）

项目地点 海南海口

建成时间 2022年7月

建筑面积 64,700平方米

迹·建筑事务所（TAO）最新教育建筑设计作品——海口江东寰岛实验学校目前已投入使用。项目位于海南省海口市，校园包括一个48班高中和学生宿舍，以及一个18班幼儿园，总建筑面积64,700平方米。这是TAO在海口的第二个学校项目，也是又一次对教育建筑与在地性的实践探索。

Trace Architecture Office (TAO)'s latest school project—Haikou Jiangdong Huandao Experimental School is currently in use. Located in Haikou, Hainan, China, the campus includes a high school and student dormitory for 48 high school classes, and a kindergarten for 18 kindergarten classes, with a total floor area of 64,700 square meters. This is TAO's second educational project in Haikou, which is another creative practice of exploring links between education and architecture with respect of local context.

微缩景观

项目位于海口东海岸区域的江东大道南侧。江东新区拥有绵长的海岸线，以及湿地公园、红树林自然保护区等众多优良的景观资源，规划上强调以生态为根本，形成城市与自然相融的空间格局。

The project is located in Jiangdong New District, east coast area of Haikou, which has a long coastline with rich landscape resources such as wetland parks and mangrove nature reserve, etc. The overall planning emphasizes the fundamental role of ecology, forming a spatial pattern that integrates urban and nature harmonically.

原有场地为一片开阔的湿地，水潭与绿岛相间。设计将整体校园视为一个微缩的田园城市，以有机的形态回应周边的自然环境。

The original site was an open wetland that interspersed with water and green islands. The design regards the campus as a miniature garden city, responding to the surrounding environment in an organic form.

流淌的曲线如蜿蜒的河流，汇聚成大大小小的湖泊，成为建筑间的庭院；地形起伏形成山丘，成为连续的活动场地；高耸的柱林如深幽的树林，轻薄的大屋顶成为漂浮的云……校园景观呈现为场地原始面貌的延续，与外围田园、绿地、河流、湿地、海洋融合，共同构建一个有机整体。

The flowing curves just like meandering rivers that converge into various lakes, enclosing courtyards between buildings; the undulating terrain forms hills, which serve as a continuous open space for outdoor group activities; the double-height columns like a deep forest, while the large roof as a floating cloud... The building integrates with the surrounding countryside area, green space, river, wetland and ocean, being part of a unified whole.

有机形态

自由的曲线和浓烈的色彩同时也呼应了学生特有的童真、童趣，诗意的空间形态让校园成为承载学生时代记忆的独特场所。

Meanwhile, the free curves and vivid colors, which echo the unique childlike innocence and playfulness, are aimed to evoke children’s imagination and creativity, making students a unique school experience.

在高中的设计中，设计团队希望将其从传统学校的“鱼骨形”布局中解放出来，打破固有秩序语言。“放射形”的平面像一汪水从中心向四周漫延，空间组织变得流动而自由；同时，各功能之间都可以用最短路径联通，实现高效的“分区互联”。

In the design of the high school, we hope to be liberated from the "fishbone" layout of the traditional school design and break the stereotype. Just like a puddle that spreads out from the center, a "radial" plan creates dynamic space sequence and allows all programs to be connected by the shortest path, achieving efficient interconnection networks.

看似无规则的建筑形式实则由精准的几何线所控制，并与整体功能布局密切相关，糅合了感性与理性，显现出自由且具有力量感的空间形态。大大小小的圆弧向内划分许多向心的庭院空间与弧形的建筑空间，向外则定义出流动的公共空间与无边角的建筑形象，内与外相互连通、嵌套，成为一个空间迷宫。漫游其间，路径循环往复，方向性不断变化，提供给师生更具探索式的、丰富的空间体验。

The overall architectural form seems to be composed of freehand curves, but in fact it is controlled by precise geometric lines with sensibility and rationality, defining a free-flowing and yet powerful spatial form. Various circular arcs create many centripetal courtyards and arc-shaped spaces inwardly, while forming flowing outdoor public spaces and an architectural image without angles or corners. Indoor and outdoor spaces flow into one another and inter-nested, forming a labyrinth space in which pathways circulate and directionality keep changing. It provides users with an exploratory and unique school experience.

漂浮的屋顶

形态有机的巨大屋顶犹如一片漂浮的云朵覆于几栋相对独立的功能组团之上，底层架空形成开阔连续的地面空间，以回应海口当地的热带季风气候，满足遮阳、通风与避雨需求的同时，在校园内提供了丰富的檐下活动空间。架空层结合微地形与高耸的柱林，不同实体体量悬浮其间，横向的连廊与坡道似摆脱了重力的束缚，自由地在不同高度穿梭，编织出一个立体的“小径分岔的花园”。

A large “floating” roof covers several independent teaching blocks, creating adequate shaded outdoor activity spaces for students. The building is elevated to open up the ground floor spaces, which allows visual and physical continuity. At the same time, it provides shading and protection against wind and rain and facilitates natural ventilation, which actively responses to the local tropical climate. The bridges and ramps at different heights, which seems break free from the shackles of gravity, interwoven through the suspended solid volumes and coloum forest, together with the micro-topography landscape, depicting a three-dimensional “the garden of forking paths”.

功能上，中心区作为高中的“心脏”，布置多功能活动厅、图书馆与报告厅等公共空间，在各层通过半室外连廊将教学楼、体育馆、食堂、行政办公等所有功能用房串联起来；同时，这里也是学生课外活动和交流的重要场所，提供了除上课外的多重日常体验。

In terms of program, as the "heart" of the high school, the central zone is arranged with multi-purpose event hall, library, lecture hall and other public spaces. It not only connects different functional spaces such as teaching blocks, gymnasium, canteen and offices on different floors, but also serves as a cohesive area for extracurricular activities and social interaction, bringing various everyday experience to the students apart from attending classes.

悬浮于半空中的蓝色立方体与红色圆柱体空间分别对应多功能活动厅和展厅，其中的大台阶与高空间可承载多样化的活动内容，为高楼层的学生提供了一片空中公共空间，使学生在短暂的课间不用下楼也可以有足够的休憩交流场所。另一方面，海口多雨，日晒强烈，大屋檐下的半室外空间充分回应当地气候，为师生提供大量遮阴避雨的活动场所。

The suspended blue cube and red cylinder volume correspond to the multi-purpose event hall and exhibition hall respectively, which provide diversified public spaces for students on the upper floors without going downstairs during the short breaks. At the same time, the covered semi-open area also actively responses to the local tropical climate, providing shading and protection against intense heat as well as strong wind and rains.

篮球馆为三层通高的大空间，富有张力的大跨度结构梁让空间显现出原始的力量感。天光从梁间进入，给空间内部带来充足自然光线的同时，也适度地消解了顶板的厚重感。

The basketball gymnasium is a three-story high space with the large-span structural beams, presenting a structural aesthetics and a sense of strength. Light enters through gaps in-between the beams from top, bringing sufficient natural light to the interior and also dematerializing the heaviness created by the concrete roof.

室内采用枫木架空地面，墙面以木丝吸音板和软包饰面，满足吸声和防撞需求。弧线与直线结合的平面带给空间以方向性，置身其中，仿佛在一艘大船的内部，向着光的方向航行。

Maple floor and wooden fiber sound-absorbing board with soft furnishings are used indoors to meet the acoustic and anti-collision requirements. The organic shape of layout maximizes the internal circulation path and emphasizes the directionality. Being in it, it is like sailing in the direction of light inside a giant ship.

食堂提供了两层的用餐空间，一个坡道体量从外部闯入，在空间中心创造了一个“异质体”。从坡道和楼板的缝隙中漫进来的天光，将其变得柔和与轻巧，成为漂浮于空间中的一个巨大雕塑。

The canteen provides a two-story dining space. A ramp volume breaks in from the outside, like a foreign object landing in the center of the space. Suspended from the ceiling, together with the diffued natural light, it creates a sculptural and surreal atmosphere of floating.

宿舍区的设计语言与教学楼保持统一，空间围绕庭院进行组织，让每间宿舍都享有充分的自然通风与光线，弧形的平面让公共空间流动起来，也随之产生几种不同的户型。

The architectural language of the dormitory building is consistent with that of the teaching blocks. The living spaces are organized around the courtyard, allowing each room to enjoy sufficient natural ventilation and light. The organic layout allows several different types of rooms to be proposed.

考虑到海口强烈的阳光照射，立面结合不同朝向采用了不同方式的遮阳设计。

Different shading systems are adopted to each elevation according to different orientation of intense sunlight.

教学楼南侧采用横向与竖向遮阳板结合的幕墙系统，横向使用白色铝板饰面，竖向使用木纹铝饰面，形成不同尺度层级。北侧以横向遮阳为主。

White and wood grain aluminum sun-shade panels are applied both horizontally and vertically in the south façade of Teaching Block to enrich the façade as well as to weaken the volume visually, while the north side is dominated by horizontal sun shades.

食堂和体育馆朝西，布置以更密集的竖向遮阳板，并结合夏至日的太阳入射方向对遮阳板角度进行优化。

Canteen and the gymnasium are facing west, with denser vertical sun-shades arranged, and the angle of the sunshades is optimized with consideration of the sun incidence direction on the summer solstice.

色彩与光影

光激活了颜色和空间，带来浓烈的阴影，也让材料有不同的表情。约17米高的柱林和几千平米的大屋盖均采用清水混凝土一体浇筑而成，变化的光线勾勒出空间的韵律层次，超大的尺度使其成为一个巨大的容器，包罗着变幻的空间与高浓度的精神体验。对于容器内抽象的几何体块，设计选用浓烈而大面积的彩色肌理涂料饰面，赋予了原本理性的几何线条以丰富的情感与戏剧性——红色热烈，蓝色沉静，黄色生动。不同颜色的拼贴组合塑造出迥异的空间性格，空间被写意成为一幅幅激动人心的立体油画。

Light activates color and the space, endowing materials with different expressions. The 17-meter-high columns and the thousands-square-meter roof are all made of fair-faced concrete. Through the interplay of light and shadow, it outlines the rhythm of the space, creating a spiritual experience. The abstract geometric volumes are finished in coloured texture paint—red is passionate, blue is calm, yellow is lively—which makes the space to be full of drama and rich in emotion, like a beautiful and dynamic oil painting.

在强烈的阳光与阴影之下，高耸的柱林之间，点点天光在大片色块中跳跃，漫游的人们在时间与空间的迷宫中偶遇，寻找惊喜，或是片刻的宁静。这里呈现出超乎日常的空间体验，将成为一片师生们课后的精神花园，滋养自由，启迪思维。

The interior is illuminated by diffused daylighting through skylights, together with hues of the colors and shadows, it creates an overall spiritual and mystical balance, nourishing the soul and activating minds.

无限回环

幼儿园位于校园的西南侧，拥有独立的出入口。在有限的场地中，团队希望为孩子们创造一个可以尽情奔跑的场所，为此设计了一个连续的坡道，将地面、一层、二层和屋面全部连接起来，各类教室及活动空间随着坡道布置在不同的标高，楼层的分界变得模糊。流线组织为立体的回环，从不同的方向行进可以到达不同的标高，但最终总会回到建筑的中心，即8字形交错的位置，这里既是空间的终点，也是起点。

The kindergarten is located on the southwest side of the campus with an independent entrance. With the limited space, we hope to create a place for children to run freely. Therefore, the design creates a loop of circulation, where levels of different heights are connected by various ramps, providing a homogeneous and continuous movement amid different levels of the building. The roof becomes an extension of the ground, while the center of the building—the staggered position of figure-eight—becomes both the endpoint and starting point of the journey.

各类教室均为双外廊设计，外圈挑廊均为坡道，是主要的交通空间，内圈挑廊采用平段和台阶结合，面向内庭院，成为可停留的活动阳台，出挑的楼板也为功能房间提供有效的遮阳。在架空区域，内廊与外廊汇聚，释放更多遮荫挡雨的半室外活动空间；同时，倾斜的顶板和地面也在此交汇，创造出一个高度逐渐压低的夹角空间，这里更适于儿童的身体尺度，成为了小朋友可以与之充分互动的专属领地。

The classrooms are designed with double-sided semi-open corridors. The outer one serves as the main circulation space; while the inner corridor is a combination of flat floor and steps and faces the inner courtyard, forming a covered balcony for relaxation and communication. The middle layer of the building is elevated to open up more shaded outdoor activity space, which actively responses to the tropical climate of Hainan. Meanwhile, it also creates an angled intersection space that fits children’s body scale, which becomes a unique and exciting hotspot of fun and social interaction.

幼儿园与高中教学楼、宿舍楼有机地统一于曲线的形式语言之下，孩子们从地面跑向天空，从室内奔向室外，创造出一个无边界的校园。

The kindergarten, teaching blocks and dormitory building of the senior high school are connected as a whole via unified organic architectural language. Children run from the ground to the sky, from indoors to outdoors, and grow up freely in this borderless campus.