荷兰粗野主义经典之作，邦克大楼改扩建 / Powerhouse Company

编辑：彭紫琦 | 2023.05.12 11:21

设计单位 Powerhouse Company

项目地点 荷兰埃因霍温

建成时间 2023年

用地面积 32,640平方米

“沿着肯尼迪大道行驶，人们从远处便能看到邦克大楼的身影；再靠近一些时，由Maaskant设计的原粗野主义建筑也将出现在眼前。我们的设计以一种纪念性且细腻的干预措施，将新旧不同的尺度融合在一起。”

‘Driving down the Kennedylaan, you can see the Bunker Tower from the distance; get closer, and you see Maaskant’s Bunker. Our design blends different scales, old and new. It’s a monumental yet sensitive intervention – like a friendly giant.’

——Nanne de Ru, Powerhouse Company

近日，Powerhouse Company与DELVA Landscape Architecture & Urbanism合作，由RED Company、Being Development开发，共同完成了对荷兰埃因霍温一处粗野主义建筑的修复，并在此基础上引入了一座新的100米高的住宅塔楼。

Powerhouse Company, RED Company, Being Development, and DELVA Landscape Architecture & Urbanism have just completed a remarkable reinvention of Hugh Maaskant’s Brutalist Bunker building in Eindhoven. The meticulously restored horizontal concrete structure has been transformed by the addition of a new 100-meter-high residential tower.

原建筑由Hugh Maaskant设计，在大规模改造之前，这里一直是这座城市的学生活动中心。改造项目中新的住宅塔楼和周边的公园有效地为整个地区注入了活力，使原建筑获得新的生命力。

Before the ambitious adaptation, the original and much-loved Bunker was long the center of student life in the city. Now preserved for the future, the Bunker gains an unexpected new lease of life thanks to the striking Bunker Tower and the beautiful surrounding park, additions which effectively energize the entire area.

邦克大楼复兴

Reviving the Bunker

“埃因霍温市中心以北的这个地方曾一度被认为是贫困地区。设计通过给整个地区注入新能量，来帮助改变这种状况。”

‘This area of Eindhoven – north of the center – has been seen as the wrong side of the train tracks. Our design helps to change that, by bringing new energy to the whole area.’

——Bas van Dam, Being Development

Hugh Maaskant设计的邦克大楼是荷兰粗野主义经典之作：大胆的线条、坚固的材料和宏伟的体量构成了具有水平特征的混凝土建筑。然而近年来由于年久失修，该大楼险些被拆除。

Hugh Maaskant’s Bunker is a Brutalist classic: a horizontal concrete composition of bold lines, rugged materials, and massive volumes. In recent years, however, it had fallen into disrepair, and only narrowly escaped demolition.

2016年，Powerhouse Company与开发商RED Company、Being Development一起赢得了由埃因霍温大学发起的改造竞赛。通过增加住宅塔楼，该获胜方案为原建筑带来了附加价值，并为其修复提供了资助。新增的塔楼还将提供地下停车场，从而使现有停车场场地转变为环绕建筑的公园。

Together with developers RED Company and Being Development, Powerhouse Company won the 2016 competition set by the University of Eindhoven to decide the Bunker’s future. By adding the residential tower, the winning design generates the extra value needed to fund the painstaking restoration of the original building. Adding the tower also allowed underground parking, enabling the transformation of the existing parking lot into a public park surrounding the complex.

该公园景观由DELVA Landscape Architecture & Urbanism设计。由于它的绿色环境和独特的居住条件，该项目成为了埃因霍温新的地标性建筑之一，为周边和整个城市发展带来新动力。

The Bunker Tower is set in a new park landscape designed by DELVA Landscape Architecture & Urbanism. With its green surroundings and unique residential opportunities, the Bunker brings a new impetus to the whole area and Eindhoven as a whole, as it joins several new architectural landmarks in the city.

有意义的绿植设计

Meaningful greenery

“通过结合邦克大楼与周边公园，我们的设计展示了在城市内部打造标志性景观的可能性。它能适应气候变化，也回应了主要的住房挑战。”

‘With the Bunker Tower and the accompanying park, we show that it possible to significantly green an inner-city location and make it climate adaptive, while also responding to the major housing challenges.’

——Steven Delva, Delva Landscape Architecture & Urbanism

邦克公园是设计中的一个重要元素，它加强了城市的三条绿轴之一。DELVA将现有的铺面停车场改造成了一个宽敞的、向公众开放的公园，提高了居民和当地社区的生活质量。

The Bunker Park is a vital element in the design, reinforcing the three green axes that characterize the city of Eindhoven. DELVA transformed the existing, paved parking lot into a generous and publicly accessible park, boosting the quality of life for residents and the local community.

邦克大楼的视觉语言延续到了公园的设计中，例如长椅和自行车停车位的设计。建筑周围（和建筑上）的绿色植物起到了水缓冲作用，同时为本地植物的生长提供了空间，促进了生物多样性。作为de Karpen社区和多梅尔河之间绿色楔块的一部分，该公园的“防雨系统”等为城市提供了一种应对挑战的解决方案。

The visual language of the Bunker Tower continues seamlessly into the park, as visible in the design of the benches and bicycle parking spaces. The greenery around and on the building serves as a water buffer while contributing to biodiversity by implementing native plants and rainproofing the tower. As part of the green wedge between ‘de Karpen’ and the Dommel river, Bunker Park is a showcase for urban challenges like collecting water.

标志性旧建筑

Iconic architecture

原邦克大楼的设计师Hugh Maaskant是荷兰20世纪最著名、最多产的建筑师之一。其大胆的建筑语言反映了战后的乐观心态，并随着职业生涯的发展，逐渐从现代主义向粗野主义转变；设计于1969年的埃因霍温理工大学学生会大楼（即原邦克大楼）属于后者。它很快便成为学生和更广泛社区的重要社交中心，并被人们称为 “De Bunker”。

The designer of the original Bunker building, Hugh Maaskant, was one of the Netherlands’ most famous and prolific 20th-century architects. His buildings, bold architectural statements that reflect the optimism of the postwar period, shifted from a Modernist to a Brutalist idiom during his career. Designed in 1969, the monolithic student union building for the new Technical University Eindhoven falls into the latter category. Quickly nicknamed ‘De Bunker’, the building became an important social hub for students and the wider community.

该建筑倾斜的墙壁、简单的几何形式、明显的不对称性和原始的建材色调，标志着战后荷兰建筑的一个重要阶段。

With its sloping walls, simple geometry, pronounced asymmetry, and primary colors, the building marks an important stage in postwar Dutch architecture.

大胆的解决方案

A bold solution

“在城市的不同角度，建筑可以展示不同的侧面。尽管各层的平面图相似，但在不同公寓也都能提供不同的景观。”

‘The building reveals so many sides, different vignettes, depending on where you are in the city. And every apartment has different views, despite the repeating floorplan.’

——Meagan Kerr, Powerhouse Company

设计大胆地采用原建筑的设计元素和材料，将新住宅塔楼与原始结构联系起来。设计并未采用传统的“环绕纪念碑式”的解决方案——要么与原建筑严格分隔开，要么在新旧之间形成强烈对比——而是将新塔楼作为Maaskant建筑风格的大胆且富有想象力的延续。

Powerhouse Company’s design daringly unites the new residential tower with the original structure, by adopting the language and materiality of the old Bunker. Rather than resorting to traditional solutions of designing ‘around’ monuments – with either a strict separation or a strong contrast between old and new – Powerhouse has made the new tower a bold and imaginative continuation of Maaskant’s architectural style.

塔楼在上升过程中逐渐变细，与原建筑的倾斜墙壁相呼应。它的不对称性和阶梯状的倾斜也是致敬了Maaskant的设计，并在城市的不同方向上提供不同的视角。而通过以新的方式诠释原建筑设计语言，新的塔楼动态扭转上升的姿态则更为轻盈和开放。

The tower tapers as it rises, echoing the Bunker’s sloping walls. Its asymmetrical and stepped form again channels Maaskant’s design and presents varying perspectives from different parts of the city. In three distinct sections, the tower lifts Maaskant’s design language into new territory, twisting dynamically and becoming progressively lighter and more open as it rises.

塔顶的大面积玻璃立面，象征着原本封闭的建筑已重新向城市开放，并为新居民提供了美丽的景色。

The greater expanses of glass at the top of the tower symbolize the reopening of the previously boarded-up building to the city and provide wonderful views for the new residents.

材料的魔法

Material magic

“建设过程在很多层面上都具有挑战性，但我们坚实的合作伙伴关系使其成为现实。”

‘ The construction process was challenging on many levels, but our solid partnerships made it happen.’

——Eric Nagel, Van Wijnen

修复原邦克大楼的混凝土立面花了8个月的时间，进行了20次的调整，以达到适合的修复效果。为了达到纪念性，新的塔楼立面也使用了与原建筑使用的材料相协调的色调。

Restoring the original concrete of the old Bunker took eight months and 20 permutations to arrive at the right shade for the renovation. Creating the new Bunker Tower façade in a materials palette that harmonizes with those used by Maaskant, presented the contractor with an interesting challenge.

在这里，天然石材是建造立面的最佳选择。通过与原建筑代表性材料玻璃和木材结合，新的塔楼立面呈现出一种富有律动感的水平特征。部分材料面板以悬吊的方式安装，在风速低于5级（每小时35公里）的条件下安全实施。

For sheer monumentality, natural stone was an obvious choice for the tower façade. This was combined with glass and wood, materials that are strongly featured in Maaskant’s design. The three materials are integrated into a lively rhythm of horizontal bands. Some of these mixed-material façade panels were hoisted aloft, which were safely done at windspeeds of less than 5 (35 kilometres per hour).

提供高品质生活

Living the high life

“这座建筑呈现出很强的人情味，或许是因为它与过去的元素相关联。”

‘The building has a strong human presence partly because of its connections with the stories of the past.’

——Laurens Leenders, Being Development

新的住宅楼共32层，可提供210套高端租赁公寓和自住房。这些公寓均拥有宽敞的布局、能看到非凡景色的大尺寸窗户、奢华的天然材料、凉廊和阳台。DELVA景观公司为1至18层的阳台设计了花园式景观，与旁边的邦克公园相呼应。

The residential tower offers 210 high-end rental and owner-occupied apartments over 32 floors. These combine spacious floorplans with huge windows framing extraordinary views, luxurious natural materials, and loggias and balconies. Up to the 18th floor, DELVA added greenery into the integrated planters of the balconies, connecting to the Bunker Park.

原建筑现已经过精心修复，将容纳在线教育品牌Goodhabitz的办公空间（3000平方米），以及半公共的咖啡馆，作为原建筑社交属性的延续。

The original Bunker, now beautifully restored, will house the high-end 3000-m2 office space of Goodhabitz, an online education provider, and a partly public Grand Café, which continues one of the old building’s original social functions.