木作之家：大丰木结构研发中心 / CATS顾问建筑师小组

编辑：李华（实习） | 校对：袁蓓祺 | 2023.09.01 09:26

设计单位 CATS顾问建筑师小组

项目地点 江苏盐城

建成时间 2022年6月

建筑面积 2400平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

木作之家是一次关于如何使用木材造当代房子的思维“奥德赛”。我们走得很远，最终却回到三个基本的锚点。

House of Woodwork was a mental odyssey about how to use wood to create contemporary buildings. We've gone a long way, but we've come back to three basic anchors.

1 强壮的材料，柔弱的材料

木材是一种旧材料，木材作为建筑材料使用的历史，大概不会比用作手持工具的历史短多少。在各种建筑工种中，木工可能是最会开动脑筋的那一个，人们自古用木材搭建宫殿、制造桌椅、盛放食物。在各种材料中，木材轻便，容易打磨，并且不难获得，只要是树木生长的地方就可以；木材手感温暖，颜色质朴，又有韧性。木材这么好，我们自然地要与木材做朋友。

Wood is an old material. The history of using wood as a building material is probably not much younger than that as hand tools. Among all kinds of construction workers, carpenters may be the ones who use their brains the most. People have used wood to build palaces, make tables and chairs, and contain food since ancient times. Comparing to other materials, wood is light, easy to sand, and not difficult to obtain, as long as it is where the tree grows. Wood is warm to touch, rustic in color and very resilient. Wood is so advantageous that we naturally want to be friends with it.

但是木材并没有加入到当代建造活动的主流之中，城市，是混凝土和钢铁构成的冰冷森林。钢筋混凝土太简单了，只要等待流体凝固就好，相比之下，木材则需要我们做好多种构件的搭接关系和表面维护工作。

However, wood has not been part of the mainstream of contemporary building activities. Cities are icy forests only made out of concrete and steel. Reinforced concrete is so simple to use, just waiting for the fluid to solidify. In contrast, wood requires us to do well a demanding job in the connections and surface maintenance of various forms of components.

CATS拥抱木材的这分柔弱，珍惜木材所带来的思考乐趣，我们设计木结构建筑的工作经验已经超过了10年。“木作之家”项目位于盐城大丰，本是一座关于木结构建筑的研发中心，紧邻它的是木构件制造工厂。在木作之家中，我们采用胶合木材和CLT作为结构和饰面，结构构件被完全围合在室内，不受气候侵蚀，而多种室外木饰面用法被“大胆”尝试，风、光、雨、露进一步创造表面变化，房子仿佛有了时间流逝的生命感。

CATS embraces the fragility of wood and cherishes the joy of thinking brought by wood. We have more than 10 years of experience in designing timber structures. The "House of Woodwork" project is located in Dafeng, Yancheng City. It is built to be a research and development center for timber structure buildings, and it is adjacent to its wood component manufacturing factories. In this project, we used glulam timber and CLT for structure and finishes. Structural components are completely enclosed from outdoor weathering, while a variety of wood veneer is used boldly on the façade and soffit. The wind and rain will further cause surface changes, so the building seems to have a sense of life and pass of time.

2 精确的结构，家宅的几何

结构的构思要从三个主要数据说起：13米、6米、2米。在苏北地区造房子，阳光是受欢迎的，这决定了办公建筑的进深在13米为宜——让南北两向都有足够的日光进入，木作之家就是由这样两个13米进深的体块组合而成，基于6米的典型结构跨度。胶合木结构的技术工艺基于对相同规格大小木料的堆叠胶合，6米是贴合木原料规格的友好梁柱尺寸。最后，2米是竖向高度的基本单元，它约定了贴近楼地面的连续水平视角的高度，和与之等高的层间木饰面。研发实验需要的高大空间是2米的五倍，最高的屋脊是2米的七倍。

The ideation of the structure starts with three numbers: 13m, 6m, and 2m. Buildings in northern Jiangsu generally welcome sunlight, which determines the depth of an office building is appropriate at 13m, so that there is enough sunlight from both the north and south directions. The project is composed of two 13m deep blocks, based on a typical structural span of 6m. The technical process of the glulam structure is based on the stacking and gluing of lumber of the same size, and 6m is a friendly beam-column size that fits the specification of the lumber. Finally, 2m is the basic unit of vertical height, which stipulates the height of the continuous horizontal views close to the floors of the building, and the same height goes as the CLT cladding. Spaces such research lab require five times as high a space as 2m, and the highest roof ridge is seven times as high as 2m.

除了精确的结构，我们还对坡屋顶形式的使用思考很多。许许多多的民居都是坡顶的，看到小巧尺度的坡顶很容易让人想起对家宅的记忆，它给人带来亲切感，让建筑跳脱出周边厂房的乏味。坡顶围合出的空间增加了可以使用的内部高度，并直接展现木结构构造的韵律，不同于传统的建造中坡顶仅用以造型和防水。关于家的情感难能可贵，郊远之地的工厂园区里的工作者们需要这份对于家的温馨的联想。

In addition to the precision of structure, we also thought a lot about giving the pitched roof form. Many houses have sloping roofs. Seeing the small-scale pitch roofs is an easy trigger to remind people of their memories of the house. It gives people a good sense of intimacy and makes the building detach from the boringness of the surrounding factories. The space enclosed by the roof increases the usable internal height and directly exposes the rhythm of the wooden structure, which is different from the traditional construction where the pitch roof is merely used as a kind of form and waterproofing. A sense of home is precious, and the workers of the factories in the outskirts deserve this kind of home-warm association.

3 能量的视角

在木作之家中，所有关于建筑形式的思辨最终落在了能量维度的评价。北高南低的格局下，北面相对高大的体块可以阻挡大风，并创造三层的温暖露台；而南面低矮的体块让更多的阳光有机会进入室内；所有外墙上统一采用连续的玻璃窗让通风处处易得，但玻璃的整体占比并未失控；水平向的挑板辅助必要的南向遮阳，等等。

In this project, all debates about architectural form finally fall on the evaluation from energy dimension. Under the general set-up of north high and south low, the relatively tall block in the north is set to block the strong wind and create three-story warm terraces, while the low block in the south allows more sunlight to enter the rooms; Continuous glass windows make ventilation easily available everywhere, but the overall proportion of glass is not out of control; horizontal protrusions assist the necessary south-facing sunshade work, and so on.

在当下，没有人会怀疑用更少的能量建造和使用一幢建筑的正确性，但真正为之付出实践的努力还远远不够。我们主动拓宽对于什么是一幢好房子的理解，在能量的视角下创造，并享受思考材料的乐趣。

At present, no one doubts the correctness of using less energy to build and operate a building, but real efforts to force it into practice are barely started. Quite actively, we expend our understanding on what makes a good architecture, create from an energy perspective, and enjoy thinking brought by materials.