剑桥大学麦达格伦学院新图书馆：砖木中的历史感 / Níall McLaughlin Architects

编译：袁蓓祺 | 校对：李博超 | 2022.11.15 11:24

设计单位 Níall McLaughlin Architects

项目地点 英国剑桥

建成时间 2021年1月

建筑面积 1523.6平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

通过参与2014年举行的竞赛，我们被指定设计麦达格伦学院新的学院图书馆。

We were appointed to design Magdalene College's New College Library through a competition held in 2014.

该学院原来的图书馆佩皮斯楼在新馆的附近，属于一级历史保护建筑，但空间狭窄且设备简陋。新建筑用一个更大的图书馆取代了其功能，并且包含了一个档案馆设施和一个图像展廊。

The new building replaces cramped and poorly equipped facilities in the adjacent Grade 1 Listed Pepys Building with a larger library, incorporating an archive facility and a picture gallery.

▲ 项目视频 ©Níall McLaughlin Architects

新建筑选址在一个高度敏感的历史建筑群环境中，其用地夹在封闭围合的大师花园（the Master's Garden）和相对开敞的研究员花园（the Fellows' Garden）之间，紧贴着它们的围墙。

The new building is sited in a highly sensitive historic setting, along the boundary wall between the enclosed space of the Master's Garden and the more open space of the Fellows' Garden.

新图书馆的位置安排顺应并延续了这个区域的历史建筑和庭院构成的四方形格局，这种布局的形成可以追溯到学院过去作为修道院的历史时期。

Its placement extends the quadrangular arrangement of buildings and courts that developed from the monastic origins of the college site.

图书馆的入口布置在第二庭院，人们可以经过一个小门进入，然后从一棵古老的紫杉树下走出。在此处的树荫底下，你能望见河流在远方草坪边缘处逐渐展开，缓缓地流淌着。

The library is approached from Second Court, through a little doorway and out under an old Yew tree. From this shady corner you sense the presence of the river opening out at the edge of the lawn.

我们希望在建筑中营造一个逐渐上升的流线，并且让光线随着进程逐步变得明亮，指引人们追随着光前行。因此，房间、画廊和可供人闲坐、翻阅书籍的座位被布置在路线的尽端。身处顶楼往外看时，视线可以眺望到草坪后面的河流。

We wanted to make the building a journey that gradually rose up towards the light. On the way up there would be rooms, galleries and places to perch with a book. At the top, there would be views out over the lawn towards the water.

此外，我们想要让来到这里的人们能够根据他们自己的意愿，在多种多样的位置中找到适合自己的选项。你可以坐在宽阔的大厅长桌边，也可以选择阅览室的座位，甚至可以把自己塞进狭小私密的壁龛中。

We wanted to create a variety of ways for someone to situate themselves depending on inclination. You might sit in a grand hall, a small room, or tuck yourself into a tiny private niche.

我们认为，好的建筑不会为了“达到和谐”而指定一个秩序，而是为人们提供各种丰富的体验，所以新图书馆将相互关联的元素以一个逻辑化的栅格系统组织起来。

For us, good architecture plays variety of experience against underlying order so as to produce harmony. The new library is based upon a logical latticework of interrelated elements.

一系列砖制的烟囱排成规律的矩阵，不仅作为荷载系统的一部分支持楼板和其上的书架，而且使得热空气向上升，带动建筑中的空气循环。每四个烟囱成一组，组与组之间是灯笼式的天窗屋顶，使得光线透过窗洒进室内。空气慢慢悠悠地上升，阳光洋洋洒洒地倾泻。

A regular grid of brick chimneys supports the floors and bookstacks and carries warm air up to ventilate the building. Between each set of four chimneys there is a roof lantern bringing light down into the spaces below: air rising and light falling.

这种规律的阵列方式自然而然地为区域创造了层级：宽敞区域可以用作阅览空间，而狭窄些的部分则主要用于通行。一部分的纵向砖柱被划分为承重结构，支撑水平向横跨着的工程木梁，柱的角色区分加强了布局上的秩序性。我们希望这种关系蕴含的经纬交织的模式能够被使用这座建筑的人们直觉地感知到。

This regular array produces a natural hierarchy with narrow zones for circulation and wide zones for reading rooms. The delineation of load-bearing brick vertical structure, supporting spanning engineered timber horizontal structure is used to reinforce the organisational scheme. This creates an underlying pattern of warp and weft that we hope can be understood intuitively by people using the building.

新图书馆的材质和形式的选用，来自对于其所在的语境和学院设计任务书的兼顾，力图创造高度耐用和可持续的建筑。

The materiality and form of the new library are derived both from its context and from the College's brief to make a highly durable and sustainable building.

学院中其他老建筑都是以砖作为承重结构，并且具有木制的地板和三角墙式斜屋顶。它们的砖制烟囱使天际线形成活跃的韵律，石制窗格清晰地标示出窗户位置，使人眼前一亮。

The older college buildings are of load bearing brick, with timber floors and gabled pitched roofs structures. Brick chimneys animate the skyline and stone tracery picks out the fenestration.

我们试图将这套建筑元素同样地运用于新造的图书馆建筑中，只不过将石制的窗格换成了木制，让窗框随着时间的推移颜色逐渐变成如同石制的银灰色。

We tried to make the new building from this set of architectural elements. We used timber instead of stone for our window tracery, which will weather over time to become a silvery grey like the stone.

为了使新建筑与学院其他老建筑织锦一般的外观相匹配，我们和建筑承建方一起细致地工作，搜寻各种砖块材料。

We worked carefully with our builders to find a variety of bricks that would match the tapestry-like quality of the older College buildings.

同时，作为一座现代的建筑，该建筑配备了创新性的被动式通风系统，以最大限度地减少能源的消耗。对于木结构材料的工程处理，也降低了建筑中的碳含量。

At the same time, this is a modern building that employs innovative passive ventilation strategies to minimise energy in use and engineered timber structure to reduce carbon embodied in its construction.