茶山、老屋与灯塔：日照巨峰镇守望者茶馆 / 孔祥伟工作室

撰文：孔祥伟 | 编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2022.10.13 20:20

设计单位 孔祥伟工作室

项目地点 山东日照

建成时间 2022年9月

建筑面积 115平方米

撰文孔祥伟

麦田里的守望者

小时候生活在乡村，家里有瓜田。人喜欢，小动物也喜欢，所以要看瓜。那时候，看护的条件很简陋，就是在田埂边搭个棚子，但作为一个孩子来说，在里面看瓜，是好玩而又刺激的。当然还有的人家，会搭建一个高的棚子。顺着梯子爬上去，连瓜田外面的小河、池塘、还有雾霭中的远山，都一览无余。

When I was a child, I lived in the countryside and had a melon field at home. People and small animals liked melon, so the melon field need to be guard. At that time, the conditions for guarding the melon fields were very simple. It was to build a shed near the ridge. But as a child, it was fun and exciting to guard the melon fields. Of course, some people will build a high shed and climb up the ladder to have a panoramic view of the river, pond and distant mountains outside the melon fields.

有一天读了《麦田里的守望者》，书里的主人公霍尔顿，这个16岁的男孩子，他想远离尘嚣，过田园般的淳朴生活。读完了这本书，倍感惭愧，幼年的我，仅仅想看个瓜，害怕调皮的孩子把它摘走。但霍尔顿的理想却是高尚的，他守护的是调皮的孩子，他对妹妹说，他将来要当一名“麦田里的守望者”，有那么一群小孩子在一大块麦田里做游戏，而他就在那混帐的悬崖边。他的职务是在那儿守望，要是有哪个孩子往悬崖边奔来，就把他捉住，这样孩子们就可以任意狂奔了。

One day to read the catcher in the rye, book hero holden, the 16-year-old boy, he wanted to remote locations, idyllic simplicity life, finished reading the book, feel ashamed, baby, I just want to see a melon, afraid of naughty boy plucked it, but holden's ideal is noble, his guardian is a naughty boy, he said to his sister, In the future, he will be a "catcher in the rye". There are a group of children playing games in a large wheat field, and he is on the edge of the cliff of the bastard. His job was to keep watch, and if any of the boys ran towards the edge of the cliff, to catch him, so that they could run as fast as they liked.

麦田守望者，成为了一个带有浪漫色彩的少年英雄主义的代名词。常年在乡村里盖房子，我经常有一种冲动，我很想在田园里盖一个房子，有着麦田守望者般的文学色彩。

The Catcher in the Rye became a byword for romantic teenage heroism. Years of building houses in the countryside, I often have an impulse to build a house in the countryside, with the literary color of the Catcher in the rye.

朝元茶山

日照市盛产茶叶，在地理上是中国的南北交界之地，是南茶北引非常成功的地方，茶树本为南方之物，不太适合北方的寒冷气候。但毛泽东主席觉得山东人爱喝茶，在1956年提议把茶叶种到山东去，后续几经波折，历经十年，终于在1966年，在山东日照、青岛等区域移种成功，时至今日，日照绿茶已经有着丰厚的产量了。

Rizhao is rich in tea. Geographically, it is the border between north and south of China, and it is a very successful place to introduce southern tea to north. Tea trees are native to the south, but not suitable for the cold climate in the north.

巨峰镇的朝元山，是日照绿茶的主要产区之一。朝元山前为丘陵地带，大面积茶田顺南北山势铺陈而来。在其东部空旷的茶田里有一处残破的民居，是一栋有着五十年历史的石头院落，老房子三分之一已经倒塌，留下的石屋充满历史感。院子里长满茶树。因为是围合的院子，在冬季，能挡住凛冽的北风，所以茶树比周边茶田里的长势都要好。

Giant peak town at wonsan, is one of the main production of sunshine green tea, north piedmont of the foothills, large area of tea Tian Shun jing, north and south to the mountain in the eastern open tea field has a broken houses, is a stone courtyard, with a history of 50 years old houses collapsed in a third, stone house is full of historical sense, the yard full of tea tree, because is surrounded the yard, In winter, it can block the harsh north wind, so the tea trees grow better than the surrounding tea fields.

老房子是一户茶农的旧居，他们曾经在这里居住、打理茶田、炒制茶叶，那时，必定是炊烟袅袅，茶香四溢。老屋虽然残破，却一直守望着这片希望的田野。如今，人去屋闲，它也似乎期待着被赋予新的生命力，成为一个新的田园守望者。

The old house is the former home of a family of tea farmers. They used to live here, take care of the tea fields and stir fry the tea leaves. At that time, the smoke must be curling up from the kitchen and the smell of tea is overflowing. Although the old house is broken, but has been watching this field of hope, now, people go to the house idle, it also seems to be looking forward to be given new vitality, become a new rural watchman.

白色灯塔

为了向麦田守望者致敬，我们在房子东部的残破处增加了一个全新的建筑。建筑有一个高高的白色尖顶，在尖顶下，可以俯瞰整个茶园，我把它称为白色灯塔，面向东方，清早，可以看田野日出；入夜之后，灯光亮起，则成为黑夜里的灯塔，为夜行人点灯。

To salute to crop watchers in the house in the eastern part of the broken place, added a new building, the building has a tall, white spires, under the roof, overlooking the whole tea garden, I call it the white lighthouse, facing the east, early in the morning, we can see the sunrise, the field after dark, lights light up, became the beacon in the night, for night lighting.

白色灯塔又一分为二，东半部分，完全开敞，面向茶田；西半部分则为一个玻璃盒子，一个可以容纳数人的小茶室。坐在灯塔建筑的一层，可以透过整块玻璃看院子里的茶田。因为整体高度的限制，一层高度仅为两米。设计初期，我们觉得层高过矮，但完成之后，却成为大家喜欢的角落，下压的高度，反而带来一种庇护感。

The white lighthouse is divided into two parts, the eastern part, which is completely open, facing the tea fields, and the western part, which is a glass box, a small teahouse that can accommodate several people. Sitting on the first floor of the lighthouse building, you can see the tea fields in the courtyard through the whole glass. Due to the overall height limitation, the first floor is only two meters high. At the beginning of the design, the height is too low, but after the completion, it becomes a corner that everyone likes.

三间老屋

遗留的三间老屋，为传统的鲁东南建筑。我们遵循保留与再利用的理念，保留了外墙，让沾满岁月痕迹的石墙继续诉说生活的故事。但老房子很低矮，采光不良，所以把老房子做了增高处理，增高的部分采用钢结构，墙面则使用玻璃，光线可以从高处洒进室内。室内通体白色，原先低矮阴暗的房子变得光线充足。吧台设置在紧邻西墙的地方，通体为简洁的白色钢板，其中，一个窄长的窗户嵌入到吧台的西墙内，可以看到墙外入园的人们的身影。

The three old houses left behind are the traditional buildings in southeast Shandong province. Following the concept of preservation and reuse, the outer walls are preserved, so that the stone walls stained with traces of time continue to tell the story of life. However, the old house is very low and the lighting is poor, so the old house is made higher. The steel structure is used for the higher part, and the glass wall is used for the wall. The light can be poured into the room from the height, and the whole body is white. The bar is set in the place next to the west wall, the whole body is simple white steel plate, among which, a narrow window is embedded in the west wall of the bar, you can see the figure of people who enter the garden outside the wall.

老房子的东墙去掉，变为通透的玻璃，在东墙处，设计了一个折形楼梯，顺着折形楼梯，就可以从老房子登临新建建筑的二层。因为老屋空间狭小，为了减少对空间的占用，楼梯踏步压缩到70厘米；为了看起来轻盈，踏步运用了通透的钢格栅材料；为了弱化楼梯，采用钢筋吊装踏步的办法，从屋顶植筋连接踏步；同时，为了对楼梯作以提示，钢筋被漆以大红色，在纯白色的环境中增添了一抹亮丽。钢筋吊装的楼梯，走起来有一点微微晃动的感觉，就如同走吊桥的体验，完成之后，成了小朋友们特别喜欢的游戏设施。

The east wall of the old house is removed, and the glass is transparent. In the east wall, a folding staircase is designed. Along the folding staircase, you can climb into the second floor of the new building from the old house. Because the house space is narrow, in order to reduce the space occupied, stair step down to 70 centimeters, in order to looks lightsome, step to use steel grille material that appear, in order to weaken the stairs, using reinforced lifting step of the way of planting bar from the roof, the connection step, at the same time, to prompt for the stairs, reinforced by paint with big red, In the pure white environment added a bright. The stair hoisted by steel bars has a slightly shaking feeling when walking, just like the experience of walking a suspension bridge. After completion, it has become a favorite game facility for children.

景观

空旷田野中的一个老院子，本身就是田园诗的写照，何况院子里面又长满茶树，院墙自然要保留，但原有的院墙为乱石砌筑，早已岌岌可危。为了保证安全，院墙需要重新砌筑，但仍然采用原有的石头。院子里的茶田保留，成为一抹诗意的绿色。

An old courtyard in an open field is itself the portrait of an idyllic garden, and the courtyard is covered with tea trees. The walls of the courtyard should be preserved naturally, but the original walls are built with stones, which are already in danger. In order to ensure safety, the walls need to be re-built, but the original stones are still used. The tea fields in the courtyard are preserved to become a poetic green.

景观采用最少介入的原则，道路试图对土地造成最小的影响。我们采用架空的钢格栅栈道，雨水可以渗透到地面，格栅下或者是茶树，或者是乡土野草。架空的格栅栈道，也平添了几分诗意和体验的乐趣。

The landscape adopts the principle of least intervention, and the road tries to cause the least impact on the land. The overhead steel grid walkway is adopted, and the rainwater can penetrate into the ground. Under the grid, there are tea trees or native weeds. The overhead grid walkway also adds a bit of poetry and fun to the experience.

乡村的建筑为谁？

乡村的建筑为谁？我想，乡村的建筑应该为所有的大众服务，这栋房子，不仅仅为游人带来全新的茶乡体验，也是一处美好的停留之地，同样，这栋房子和这个院子，也应该成为劳作的茶农的歇脚之处，也能够遮风避雨。在院子的西南，做了一处3米见方的小亭子，我称之为“边亭”，这个小亭子，现在已经成为茶农在劳作过程中的短暂休息之处。

What is the architecture of the countryside for? I think, the country building should service for all of the people, the house, not only bring visitors to experience the new district, is also a good place of stay, also, the house and the yard, should also be working the rest of the tea farmers, can also be offered shelter, in the southwest of the yard, made a 3 meters across the small pavilion, I call it "pavilion", This small pavilion has now become a place for tea farmers to take a short rest during their work.

乡村需要留住记忆，但同时，也要面向未来，我们既要珍视乡土历史，同时又要创新。设计的初心，试图想通过这个小小的建筑，让人们获得田园的美；同时，也想让建筑激活略显沉寂的乡村，给日照绿茶以新的画面感，更希望来此的人们，籍以这个建筑，来守望这片希望的田野。

The countryside needs to retain its memory, but at the same time, it needs to look to the future. We need to cherish our local history and be innovative at the same time. The original intention of the design is to let people get the beauty of the countryside through this small building. At the same time, it also wants to let the building activate the quiet countryside and give Rizhao Green tea a new sense of painting. It is more hoped that people who come here can watch this field of hope with this building.