自然降温步道：氧气公园 / AECOM

设计单位  AECOM

项目地点  卡塔尔多哈

建成时间  2019年

项目面积 130,000平方米

氧气公园（Oxygen Park）项目旨在为卡塔尔多哈教育城打造“绿肺”。受自然沙漠环境中的流体地貌和风蚀岩石的启发，项目建筑设计负责人Erik Behrens与景观设计负责人James Haig Streeter设计出可最大限度利用盛行风对场地进行自然降温、容纳各类体育活动的独特公园地形。

Oxygen Park was designed to provide a ‘green lung’ for the Education City Campus in Doha, Qatar. Inspired by the fluid land formations and wind-eroded rocks of the natural desert environment, Erik Behrens (Architecture Lead) and James Haig Streeter (Landscape Lead) formed the terrain to maximise passive cooling from the prevailing winds and to accommodate multiple sporting activities.

地下步道是这一富有戏剧性张力景观的亮点所在，环形跑道蜿蜒曲折，其间穿插着降温隧道。

The dramatic landscape features a subterranean walkway with cooling tunnel segments and a series of dynamic, looping running tracks.

氧气公园已成为当地社区的热门运动健身场所，是炎炎沙漠气候下的避暑圣地。市民可乘坐有轨电车、骑校内自行车或步行抵达公园。

Oxygen Park is now a vibrant destination for the local community – and a perfect antidote to the desert heat. It is accessed via the Tram System and the campus wide cycle and walking routes.

该公园绿色空间达13万平方米，内设总长为 7000 米的多条步道、一条遮阳人行道、一条1600米的跑道、一条马术跑道、多个运动场、4 座休憩建筑，以及一个栽种了100多种植物的花园，其中大多数植物均为本土或适应沙漠环境的物种。

The park offers an impressive 130,000sqm of green space, 7,000m of pathways, a shady, covered walkway, a 1,600m running track, an equestrian track, sports pitches, four folly buildings, and gardens containing more than 100 plant species with a majority of indigenous and desert-adaptive planting.

公园有如自然风塑造出的景观引人注目，它回应了卡塔尔炎热干燥又伴有沁人微风的气候。与当地景观形成呼应是该设计的核心，并体现在方方面面。

The park's dramatic, wind-sculpted landscape was created with the hot and dry climate of the country and its cooling breezes in mind. Honouring the local landscape is core to, and is evident across, every single aspect of the park’s design.

经计算机建模设计而成的公园地形，可以最大限度地利用盛行风进行自然降温，进而打造出一条部分有降温隧道的遮荫步道。它如同传统波斯湾的捕风塔，微风可从花园间预留的风道进入，以实现自然通风。既有丘陵也有洼地的起伏地形，结合蜿蜒曲折的环形跑道，为各类体育活动提供坚实的空间结构。

For example, the park's topography was computer modeled to maximise passive cooling from the prevailing winds and create a shaded walkway with cooling tunnel segments. As with traditional Arabian Gulf wind towers, the available breeze is channeled through the wind passages carved in between the gardens to provide natural ventilation. The undulating topography with its hills and swales creates a strong spatial framework for various embedded programmatic activities in conjunction with dynamic looping running tracks.

设计选用的浅黄褐色硬质景观材料，与卡塔尔的自然景观形成呼应，减少眩光与热岛效应。弯曲的人行道由骨料混凝土建成，意在给体育活动提供平坦、坚固且连续的地面。

The buff-colored hardscape materials were chosen to be sympathetic to the Qatari native landscape and to minimize glare and heat-island effects. The curving footpaths are constructed in seeded concrete to provide even, robust and continuous surfaces for sports activities.

从步道一侧伸出的大型C形混凝土肋拱成为了步道的遮蔽物，它们建造在公园下方、以石灰岩基层为支撑的筏形基础上。受沙漠风蚀岩层的启发，设计师以天然石材覆盖拱腹与墙壁，打造出浑如一体的构筑物。

A covered walkway is formed from large C-shaped reinforced-concrete ribs that are placed along one side of the tracks. They are founded on a continuous raft foundation that bears on the limestone formation below the park. Inspired by wind-blown desert rock formations, the sofit and walls are clad with natural stone to create a monolithic-appearing structure.

场地内四座辅助性建筑则是为了给剧烈运动后的市民提供凉爽的休憩场地，并为教学活动提供户外教室。它们由嵌入山坡的钢筋混凝土结构与悬挑式绿色屋顶构成，以实现最大程度的保温隔热。

The conditioned folly buildings provide cool resting places after intense workouts, and outdoor classrooms for teaching activities. They are formed from a reinforced concrete structure embedded into the slopes of the hills and are covered with a cantilevering green roof to maximize thermal mass and reduce solar heat gain.

项目采用了适于沙漠气候的本土种植方式。季节性降雨产生的雨水可以通过嵌入软景观区域的渗水槽就地储存，以增强土壤的自然排水能力。用于体育活动的草地则配备带有传感器的智能灌溉系统，以控制和减少耗水量。

The project incorporates indigenous and desert-adaptive planting. Stormwater from seasonal rainfalls is stored on site through soakaways embedded in the softscape areas, which enhance the natural ability of the soil to drain the water. Grass surfaces for sports activities are equipped with smart irrigation systems with sensor technologies to control and reduce water consumption.

完整项目信息

项目地点：多哈，卡塔尔

项目面积：130,000平方米

项目完成时间：2019

设计方：AECOM

主创建筑师：Erik Behrens

主创景观设计师：James Haig Streeter

景观设计团队： Mark Blackwell、 Warren Osborne、Kevin Underwood、Philip Dugdale、Alfredo Galindo、Eric Hallquist、Shafee Jones-Wilson、 Wing Lai、James Manuel、John Neilson、Jonathon Reeves、Adam Rothwell、Jason Shinoda、Stephen Suen、Jack Wu

业主：卡塔尔基金会

工程：AECOM、奥雅纳

灯光设计：MBLD

项目管理：ASTAD

总承包商：MAN Enterprise

水景设计：Fountains Direct

摄影师：Markus Elblaus

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