Snøhetta新作：挪威Telemark发电站，低能耗的多面“巨石”

编译：李博超（实习生） | 校对：李博超（实习生） | 2020.11.03 20:07

设计单位 Snøhetta

项目地点 挪威波斯格伦

建成时间 2020年8月

建筑总面积 7931平方米

能源与建筑产业的温室气体排放量占据全球工业排放总量的40%以上。世界人口不断增长，气候危机日益加剧，诸如COVID-19大流行等因素也使全球局势动荡不安。为了更负责地完成建设重任，建筑师们面临着开展跨行业工作的巨大挑战。

The energy sector and building industry account for over 40% of global industry’s heat-trapping emissions combined. As the world’s population and the severity of the climate crisis continue to grow, precipitating global disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic, architects are challenged to work across industries to build more responsibly.

作为发电站系列设计中的一部分，Telemark为可持续性建筑树立了一个新标杆，与类似的新建办公楼相比，该建筑每年的能源净消耗降低了70%，其自身产生的能源甚至超过了建筑使用寿命中全部的能源消耗。

As part of the Powerhouse series, Powerhouse Telemark sets a new standard for the construction of environmentally sustainable buildings by reducing its yearly net energy consumption by 70% compared to similar new-construction offices, and by producing more energy than it will consume over its entire lifespan.

通过标准化的内部解决方案和联合式办公空间的设计，租户可以根据自己的需求调整他们的办公空间，在全球远程工作需求持续增长的背景下，这栋建筑依然具备了所需的灵活性。

Through standardized interior solutions and co-working spaces, tenants can scale their office spaces as needed, granting much needed flexibility in a global context where remote working solutions continue to increase in demand.

建筑获得了BREEAM的优秀级认证，这也表现了设计团队对可持续发展的大胆想法。发电站不仅是当地社区可持续发展的象征之作，还为未来世界如何去拥抱可持续建筑设计提供了启发。

In obtaining the BREEAM Excellent certification as proof of their bold sustainability ambitions, Powerhouses stand as beacons of sustainable design not only in their local communities, but also function as models for how the world can embrace sustainable architecture and design at large in the future.

和其它几个姊妹项目一样，Telemark希望成为在环境、社会、经济方面上可持续的建筑典范，同时也对COVID-19大流行后建筑外观的设计观念发起挑战。

Just like its ambitious sister projects Powerhouse Kjørbo, Powerhouse Montessori and Powerhouse Brattørkaia, Powerhouse Telemark aspires to be model for environmentally, socially and economically sustainable architecture, while also challenging our conception of what our offices might look like in the post COVID-19 era.

倾斜且略呈圆锥形的建筑，在东向立面上有着清晰的45度斜角的凹槽，在周边环绕的Herøya工业园中脱颖而出。

The skewed and slightly conical building features a clearly defined 45° tilting notch on the east-facing façade, giving it a clearly identifiable expression that stands out in the industrial context of the surrounding Herøya industry park.

以24度角缓缓倾斜的屋顶成为建筑一大夺目之处，其超过了建筑体量的边界，扩大了屋顶表面，保证建筑从光伏冠层和南向立面的PV电池板上尽可能地获取能量。

The building’s striking 24° tilted roof gently slopes to surpass the extremities of the building’s volume, expanding the roof’s surface and ensuring a maximum amount of solar energy can be harvested both from the photovoltaic canopy and the building’s PV-cell clad south-facing façade.

在西侧、西北与东北方向，建筑覆盖着木制格栅，在受阳光照射最多的立面上提供自然遮阳。格栅后为Cembrit板材，赋予建筑一个统一的外观形象。

To the west, north-west and north-east the building is clad with wooden balusters providing natural shading on the most sun exposed façade. Behind the wooden balusters the building is covered with Cembrit façade panels which give the building a unified expression.

从功能上讲这就是一个被动式建筑。它隔热性能极好，共设有三层隔离窗。混凝土板令建筑具有类似石头结构的密度，在白天可以储存热量，晚上再将热量缓慢释放。建筑每层的边界处都设有附有水循环的低排放系统，依托地下350米处的热能为建筑提供冷暖的调节效果。

Functioning just as a passive house, the building is super insulated and features triple isolated windows throughout. The concrete slabs lend the building a density akin to that of a stone structure storing thermal heat during the day and slowly emitting heat during the evening. A low ex system with water loops in the border zones of each floor, assures that the building is efficiently cooled and heated through geothermal wells dug 350 meters below ground.

建筑还利用了一系列低技术的解决方案，优先考虑租户的舒适度，使办公建筑能够充分发挥其潜力。建筑西向与南向轻微倾斜的立面，为采光与遮荫提供了最大程度的综合效果，同时也创造出（观景）视野与灵活的室内空间。

Powerhouse Telemark also utilizes a series of low-tech solutions to ensure that tenant comfort is prioritized, allowing the office building to be used to its full potential. The building’s gently skewed West-facing and South-East-facing facades allow for a maximum of daylight and shading while also generating views and flexible indoor spaces.

在东北方向，建筑平面正交布置，以适应更为传统的封闭式办公空间。在整个建筑中，小且隐蔽的空间在策略上远离阳光直射的外墙，以此减少对冷却的需求，同时确保这些空间维持在一个舒适的温度。

To the North-East the building is leveled to accommodate for more traditional workspaces with enclosed offices. Throughout the building, small, secluded spaces are strategically moved away from sun exposed facades to reduce the need for cooling while also assuring that these spaces keep a comfortable temperature.

建筑在材料的选择上同样取决于环境的可持续性，整个建筑均采用了坚固的材料，具备了高弹性与低能耗的优秀性能，源自当地未经处理的木材、石膏和环保混凝土等都被应用其中。

The material palette of Powerhouse Telemark is chosen for its environmentally sustainable qualities. Throughout, the building features sturdy materials known for resilience and low-embodied energy. This means using materials such as local wood, gypsum and environmental concrete which is left exposed and untreated.

从厨房到地毯砖，再到活动家具，一切均由优质耐用的材料制成。组成地毯砖的材料中有70%为回收渔网，地板则为回收木屑制成的工业镶木地板。

Everything from the kitchens to the carpet tiles and loose furniture are made from durable and high-quality materials. The carpet tiles are composed of 70% recycled fishing nets and the wooden flooring is made from industrial parquet of ash from wooden debris.

为最大程度降低对人工照明的需要，建筑采用了保守却高效的照明系统。建筑的屋顶也设有垂直的玻璃槽，令光线得以穿过顶部的三个楼层。此外，选择浅色表面的活动家具也是对室内照明的一种微妙的补充。

To reduce the need for artificial lighting to an absolute minimum, the building has a conservative but efficient lighting system. The building’s roof also features vertical glass slots, allowing for daylight penetration on the three top floors. Moreover, the choice of loose furniture with light surfaces allow for a subtle complement of the interior lighting.