Christian Kerez新作：巴林4座停车楼，峰谷相叠

设计单位  Christian Kerez Zürich AG

项目地点  巴林王国穆哈拉格

建成时间  2023年

建筑面积  四座建筑总计45,000平方米

项目概况

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穆哈拉格老城中心的四座停车楼，是巴林文化部“珍珠之路”项目的一部分。“珍珠之路”既有对传统住宅的改造，也包括一些当代建筑项目，如Anne Holtrop设计的世博会展馆、Valerio Olgiati设计的游客中心和OFFICE设计的一系列城市广场。

The four car parks in the Old City Center of Muharraq are part of the Pearl Path Project by the Ministry of Culture of Bahrain. This project combines the renovation of traditional residences and contemporary projects like the Pavilion for the World Expo by Anne Holtrop, a visitor center by Valerio Olgiati and a series of urban squares by OFFICE.

而在本项目中，四个停车楼在穆哈拉格从中世纪发展至今的密集城市结构中，覆盖并倍增了大片空地。它们首先为公众创造了一个空间，除了作为停车场地，也可用于祈祷、举办活动或集市。许多人来参观这些建筑，不是仅为停车而来，也是为了体验它们内部变化无穷的空间。

The car parks cover and multiply the large open voids in the dense medieval urban structure of Muharraq. They create first and foremost a space for the public that could also be used for prayer, events or markets. Many people will visit the buildings not just to park their cars, but also to experience the ever-changing spaces walking through these structures.

巴林穆哈拉格老城中心的停车设施由四座建筑组成，总面积达45,000平方米。它们在四个不同的地块上，以四种不同的方式，遵循相同的设计原则。这些建筑的楼板弯曲、倾斜，相互融合，也因而构成连接各层的坡道。

The parking facilities in Bahrain's old city center of Muharraq consist of four buildings with a total surface of 45’000 m2. They follow the same principles of design in four different ways on four different plots. The slabs of these buildings bend and slope, merging into each other so that they also serve as ramps connecting one level to another.

当汽车在停车楼中上下穿行时，里面的人能体验到楼板的几何变化带来的独特空间体验——从凹到凸，时而高时而低，空间有时引向建筑内部，有时又向外部延伸。汽车的移动，也同时为整个建筑创造出不断变化的空间。

The slabs create a distinctive spatial experience when moving up or down the car park through their geometrical transformation from concave to convex, high and low, into spaces expanding to the interior or to the outside of the building. The movement of the cars creates a continuously changing space throughout the entire building.

地块A

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这是项目中最大的地块，其长边为170米，与主干道和环岛相邻。

This is by far the largest plot with a length of 170m facing a main road and a roundabout. A car can drive in a continuous movement around the entire plot from the ground floor to the rooftop.

汽车可以环绕整个地块从底层一口气行驶到顶层。如果要从楼顶开下来，汽车则要反方向绕整个大楼行驶一圈。

To drive down from the top, the car makes another tour around the entire building on the opposite side.

由于建筑北侧的一半长度几乎是紧挨着Anne Holtrop设计的Green Corner建筑，因此建筑内部的空间也从一侧到另一侧逐渐变化着。

The spaces change from one side to the other since half of the building almost adjoins the green corner building by Anne Holtrop.

地块B

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在地块B的停车楼中，楼板上没有圆形的穿孔，而只有简单的切口，作为车辆在楼层之间通行的途径。这样的设计创造出与A停车楼不一样的交通循环方式。

In Plot B the slabs are not perforated with circular openings , but simple cuts to allow passage from one level to the next. Otherwise the circulation system is similar to Plot A.

该建筑的几何形状非常规整，周边环绕着相对均质的低矮建筑。

The geometry of this building is very regular and surrounded on all sides by relatively homogeneous low buildings.

地块C

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地块C的停车楼正对着一座大清真寺和穆哈拉格历史最悠久的遗产建筑之一，风之宫。出于对这一街区风貌精神的尊重，这是本项目中唯一一个仅有一层的停车场。

This car park is just opposite a large Mosque and the Palace of the Winds, one of the first heritage buildings in Muharraq. Out of respect to the spirit of this neighborhood, it is the only car park that has just one level.

地块D

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这是四个停车楼中最小的一个，但也是最外露的一个，因此它具有最独特的竖向雕塑感。此外，这个小地块也是最难组织的地块，因此也可作为以后设计其他停车楼的参考。

This is the smallest of the four car parks but since it is also the most exposed, it has the most distinctive sculptural, vertical expression. In addition, as the most challenging to organize, this small plot was used as a role model for the other car parks to be designed later on.

结构及建造

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停车楼的承重结构是外露的，仅由楼板和柱子组成。建筑通过将板与板连接起来，实现加固，以抵抗风或地震等带来的水平荷载。复合支柱的尺寸在25厘米到30厘米之间。由于跨度约10米，楼板将受到非常大的冲力。每根预制柱的底部和顶部都有弯曲的金属钢板，将沉重的大型楼板与垂直的结构构件连接起来。

The exposed load bearing structure of the car parks consists only of slabs and columns. The stiffening to withstand horizontal loads like winds or earthquakes is achieved through the connection of one slab to another. The composite columns measure between 25 and 30 centimeters. The span of approximately 10 meters produced very high punching forces in the slabs. Bent metal steel plates at the bottom and top of each prefabricated column connect the heavy large slabs with the vertical structural elements.

楼梯和电梯井完全裸露在外，后者用PVC透明薄板覆盖。楼梯就像楼板之间的弹簧，由于建筑层高在220厘米和480厘米之间浮动，连接不同楼层的楼梯平台位置也会相应变化。圆形楼梯必须非常轻巧，以避免在承重结构中产生不均匀荷载。

The stairs and elevator shafts are totally exposed, the latter covered with a transparent foil of PVC. The stairs work like springs between the slabs. Due to differences in building height between 220 and 480 cm, the location of the landing changes from one level to the next. The circular stairs had to be very lightweight to avoid uneven loads within the loadbearing structure.

四座建筑中，没有任何两块楼板是完全相同的，这也是无尽的空间多样性的来源。模板建造利用了脚手架等较为传统的工业产品，但仅有极小一部分的雕塑模板是定制的。由于楼板表面不断变化，因此团队运用脚本程序，以1∶20的比例绘制了7.5万个部件，随后将它们以1∶1的比例打印出来，再在现场对模板进行最后切割。

No slab is identical, creating an endless diversity of spaces. The formwork is based on conventional industrial products such as scaffolding towers. Very little of the sculptural formwork is customized. The constantly changing surfaces made it necessary to draw 75’000 sections on the scale 1:20, which was done by scripting. These sections were later printed 1:1 to cut the last element of the formwork on site.

中东地区的建筑工地上通常会需要大量劳动力，而在本项目中，虽然现代计算机技术为项目带来了可能性，要创造这种变化无穷的几何形状，大量的人力也是不可或缺的。只有二者结合运用，该项目才有可能实现。

The large workforce usually required on construction sites in the Middle East was also necessary here in addition to the contemporary possibilities of computing to create this endlessly varied geometry. The project was possible only by bringing both together.

设计图纸 ▽

完整项目信息

项目名称：Bahrain Car Park for the Pearl Path

主创建筑师：Christian Kerez

项目建筑师：Caio Barboza

设计团队完整名单：Caio Barboza, Dennis Saiello, Lisa Kusaka, Daniel Carlson, Laura Paluch, Raoul Dubois, Jens Knopfel, Matthias Leutert, Apolinário Soares, Jonas Løland, Sofia Blanco Santos, Christiana Pitsillidou, Korbinian Huber, Enrico Pinto, Siwen Wang, Anna Molodij, Yi Wang, Viktoriya Maleva, Oleksandra Nikitenko

业主：Bahrain Authority of Culture and Antiquities (BACA), Sheikha Mai Bint Mohammed Al-Khalifa, Noura Al- Sayeh Holtrop, Mustafa Salman Al Sulaiman

设计时间：2017—2023

建设时间：2017—2023

建筑：Christian Kerez Zürich AG

结构：Dr. Neven Kostic GmbH, Neven Kostic, Schematic Design, Plot B; Monotti Ingeneri Consulenti SA, Mario Monotti, Concept, Schematic Design, Plot C and D; Ferrari Gartmann AG, Emanuela Ferrari, Patrick Gartmann, Schematic Design, Plot A

景观：Catherine Dumont d’Ayot, Plot C and D

照明：Siegrun Appelt with Mathias Burger

施工：Arsinals Engineering Design

立柱与楼板连接：EDGE Consulting Engineering, Tim Peters

预应力板：Strong Force M.G.C. W.L.L.

楼梯：Monotti Ingeneri Consulenti SA, Mario Monotti and EDGE Consulting Engineering, Tim Peters

扶手栏杆：Dr. Neven Kostic GmbH, Neven Kostic

混凝土专家：Baukolorit AG, Marianne Huber

交通专家：LK Argus GmbH, Ivan Kosarev

3D交通模拟：Alden Studio

摄影师：Christian Kerez, Caio Barboza

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