扎哈事务所新作：雕塑般的拱，成都西一线跨绛溪河大桥

设计单位  Zaha Hadid Architects

项目地点  四川成都

建成时间  2023年

在2019年的设计竞赛之后，扎哈·哈迪德建筑师事务所（ZHA）被委托建造成都西一线跨绛溪河大桥，而该桥近日已完成。它是成都西线道路上一系列桥梁中的第一座，长295米，其横跨的绛溪河是沱江的一条支流。

Following the 2019 design competition, Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA)  was commissioned to build the Chengdu West First Bridge, which is the first in a series of bridges on Chengdu's West Line Road. The new 295-metre bridge has just been completed, crossing the Jiangxi River, a tributary of the Tuojiang River in China's Sichuan province.

该桥的中心跨度为185米，两侧的副跨度为55米，是一座汽车、自行车和行人均可通行的桥梁，其建成使得成都西线道路成为空港新城公路与骑行线环路的一部分。

With its 185-metre central span and 55-metre secondary spans reaching to the riverbanks, the Chengdu West First Bridge is a road, cycle and pedestrian bridge over the meandering Jiangxi River; enabling the West Line Road to become the western section of the Airport New Town ring-road and cycle route.

当跨度为120—250米时，拱通常是最有效的桥梁结构，因此这座桥梁设有两个对称的钢制主拱，各自从路面板的两侧升起，随着高度的上升逐渐靠近，直至它们在拱的最顶部切线处相触。这样的结构使得桥梁更稳定，免受侧向风的影响。

As arches provide the most efficient bridge structure for spans between 120-250 metres, this symmetrical bridge is composed of two primary steel arches that rise from either side of the road deck. As they rise, the arches lean together to touch tangentially at their crown, stabilising the structure from lateral wind forces.

桥梁支撑墩和桥台的曲率是动态变化的，逐渐过渡到与主拱及桥面板融合。由此，项目于成都的交通基础设施中建立起一个雕塑般的地标。

The dynamic curvature of the bridge's supporting piers and abutments taper into its primary arches and road deck, defining a sculptural landmark within Chengdu's transport infrastructure.

设计时，事务所在数字模型上使用了结构分析软件，以检查所有材料的自重、叠加的恒载和交通活载，并将环境因素如风和温度纳入考虑。这样的分析使得桥梁结构和基础的设计，超越“200年一遇”级别的极端天气事件要求标准。

ZHA used structural analysis software on the design's digital model. Examining all material self-weight, superimposed dead load and traffic live loading, as well as environmental considerations of wind and temperature, this analysis ensured the structure and foundations have been designed to exceed the standards required for once-in-200-year weather events.

桥的高度与跨度之比约为1∶6，两个桥拱高达30米，基部由沿着道面边缘纵向设置的箱形梁连接在一起。箱形梁如系带一般帮助桥拱抵御向外的水平推力，并显著降低了桥梁基础受到的水平荷载。

With a height to span ratio of approximately 1∶6, the bridge's arches rise to 30 metres and are tied together at their base by longitudinal box girders that run along the edge of the road deck. These ties resist the outward horizontal thrust of each arch and significantly reduce the horizontal loads on the bridge's foundations.

桥梁两端的混凝土桥台，整合了桥面板与西线道路之间的连接部分。桥并没有在绛溪河面上设墩作为基础，而是将中间墩设置在两主拱的起拱点下方的河岸边。

Concrete abutments at either end of the bridge incorporate connectors linking the road deck to the West Line Road's surface. With no foundations positioned in the Jiangxi River, intermediate piers are located beneath the springing points of the arches on each riverbank.

对于该桥的钻孔桩和桥台钢筋混凝土施工，项目采用传统的就地施工方式。而钢拱则被分段成最便于运输和装配的尺寸，进行预制，再在现场组装。桥面板边缘的箱形梁，连同锚索，也同样是预制后分段运输，最后通过现场焊接拼装在一起。

The bridge's bored piles and abutments were constructed using conventional in-situ reinforced concrete techniques. The steel box sections of each arch were prefabricated in optimal dimensions for transportation and assembly on site. The edge box girder sections within the road deck include the cable anchorages. These sections were also prefabricated and delivered in sections to be spliced together with on-site welding.

桥的预制交叉横梁在运到工地上之后，以螺栓盖板的接合方式，与边梁连接。对于混凝土道路桥面，则是先预制面板，然后通过混凝土现场浇筑，将面板与交叉横梁固定在一起。

The bridge's prefabricated plate cross girders were delivered to the site and connected to the edge girders by a bolted cover plate splice connection. The concrete road deck has been constructed from precast panels fixed to the cross girders by in-situ concrete stich pours.

施工时，团队只花了很短的时间，便以移动式起重机将大桥所有预制的钢构件和混凝土构件吊起。该桥将在成都西线道路完工后，向公众开放。

Mobile cranes lifted all prefabricated steelwork and precast concrete elements within the bridge's short assembly schedule. The Chengdu West First Bridge crossing the Jiangxi River will open to the public on completition of the West Line Road.

设计图纸 ▽

完整项目信息

Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA)

Design: Patrik Schumacher

ZHA Project Directors: Charles Walker, Lei Zheng, Ed Gaskin

ZHA Project Architect: Han-Hsun Hsieh

ZHA Site Team: Lei Zheng, Han-Hsun Hsieh

ZHA Project Team: Jan Klaska, Lei Zheng, Marina Dimopoulou, Stratis Georgiou, Hung-Da

Chien, Han-Hsun Hsieh, Martha Masli, Stella Dourtmes, Charles Walker, Ed Gaskin

Client: Chengdu International Aerotropolis Group Construction and Development Co., Ltd.

Executive Architect: China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

Local Architect: China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

Structural Engineers: Buro Happold, China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

Quantity Surveyor: China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

General Contractor: Sinohydro Bureau 7 Co., Ltd, China Huaxi Engineering Design and Construction Co., Ltd

Environmental Consultant: Shenzhen Pengdaxin Energy Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd

M&E Engineering: China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

MEP: China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

Transport Consultant: China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

Fire Engineer: China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Institute Corp.Ltd

Landscape Consultant: Zaha Hadid Architects

Lighting Design: Zaha Hadid Architects

Site Supervision: China Huaxi Engineering Design and Construction Co., Ltd

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