深圳大万消防站 / 深大建筑设计院“钟中+钟波涛”工作室

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2023.06.29 09:39

设计单位 深圳大学建筑设计研究院有限公司“钟中+钟波涛”工作室（Z&ZSTUDIO）

项目地点 广东深圳

建成时间 2020年10月

建筑面积 5016.05平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

深圳市大万消防站位于坪山区比亚迪路南侧，周边高楼环伺，东南西三侧都是超高层住宅，压迫感极强。因此，我们将消防站北侧濒临主干道，南侧留出尽可能大的花园作为“呼吸空间”，在摩天楼下塑造一栋“方正之间”的紧凑型消防站。

The Dawan Fire Station in Shenzhen is located on the south side of Biyadi Road in Pingshan District. It is surrounded by tall buildings, creating a strong sense of oppression. Therefore, we have positioned the fire station on the north side, adjacent to the main road, while reserving a large garden on the south side as a "breathing space." This design aims to create a compact fire station in the midst of skyscrapers.

项目概况

本项目用地位于深圳市坪山区比亚迪路与中心路交汇处，东侧为坪山法院、西南侧为万樾府住宅小区、北侧与大万文化广场隔比亚迪路相望，周边被大量超高层建筑环绕，压迫感很强。

The project site is located at the intersection of Biyadi Road and Zhongxin Road in Pingshan District, Shenzhen. It is bordered by Pingshan Court on the east, Wanyuefu Residential Community on the southwest, and faces Dawan Cultural Square across Biyadi Road on the north. The surrounding area is surrounded by a large number of high-rise buildings, creating a strong sense of pressure.

项目用地面积4255.14平方米，属于一级消防站，可停放8辆消防车，容积率0. 94，总建筑面积5016.05平方米，其中计容建筑面积3998.15平方米，不计容建筑面积1017.90平方米。项目包括一栋3层消防业务大楼和一栋7层训练塔及一层地下室，是一座处在极高密度主城区、高楼环伺的典型“集中式”消防站。

The project site has an area of 4255.14 square meters and is classified as a Grade 1 fire station. It has the capacity to accommodate 8 fire trucks. The plot ratio is 0.94, and the total construction area is 5016.05 square meters. This includes a three-story fire business building, a seven-story training tower, and one underground floor. The calculated permissible construction area is 3998.15 square meters, while the non-permissible construction area is 1017.90 square meters. It is a typical "centralized" fire station located in a densely populated main urban area, surrounded by high-rise buildings.

退线分析

由于大万站周边环境特殊，如何在局促的用地上科学合理地布局消防站，成为设计最大的挑战。若完全按照深圳市通常的退线要求，用地面积和形状将无法满足任务需求。同时，建筑要与周边场地环境协调，因此大万站在论证和与规划部门沟通后，争取到较为合理的少退线：东侧退3米、南侧退2.3米，西侧退2.2米，北侧退4米。

Due to the unique surrounding environment of Dawan fire Station, it becomes the biggest challenge to scientifically and reasonably layout the fire station on a constrained site. If we strictly follow the setback requirements typically imposed in Shenzhen, the land area and shape will not be able to meet the operational needs. Additionally, it is crucial for the building to harmonize with the surrounding site. Therefore, after conducting a thorough study and engaging in discussions with the planning authorities, the setback requirements for Dawan fire Station were negotiated to achieve a relatively reasonable compromise: a 3-meter setback on the east side, a 2.3-meter setback on the south side, a 2.2-meter setback on the west side, and a 4-meter setback on the north side.

城市关系

大万消防站由于用地局促，因此只能采取紧凑的“集中式”布局。用地东南西三侧都是超高层，压迫感极强，对布局影响重大。最后，我们将建筑靠向东北侧，给场地内部提供尽量多的活动空间，尽力改善消防员的工作与生活条件。

Due to the limited space available, Dawan Fire Station can only adopt a compact "centralized" layout. The site is surrounded by high-rise buildings on the east, south, and west sides, creating a strong sense of pressure and significantly impacting the layout. As a result, the building is positioned towards the northeast side to provide as much open space as possible within the site. This approach aims to improve both the working and living conditions for firefighters at the station.

为了满足消防站1分钟快速出警，我们将传统消防站的“内院式”出车改为新型消防站的“临街出车”，直接面对东北侧比亚迪大道。消防车库出车口面宽为48米，与路边的间距为20米，为周边留下了开敞的“呼吸空间”。

In order to meet the requirement of a 1-minute rapid response for the fire station, we have transformed the traditional "inner courtyard" style of the fire station into the "street-facing" design of the new fire station. The fire truck garage now directly faces Biyadi Avenue on the northeast side. The width of the garage's vehicle exit is 48 meters, with a distance of 20 meters from the roadside, allowing for an open "breathing space" around the station.

总体布局

本项目用地北侧与比亚迪路相邻，设置主出入口，包括消防车库出车口及出车广场，供消防员出警、回车用。西北侧为人行主出入口，供消防员和参观人行进入。西侧的次入口是后勤及地下室出入口。我们将消防训练场地、跑道和篮球场设置在南侧，留出尽可能大的花园作为“呼吸空间”。

The project site has its main entrance located on the north side, facing Biyadi Road. This entrance includes the fire truck garage exit and the vehicle dispatch square, which serve as access points for firefighters when responding to emergencies and returning to the station. On the northwest side, there is a pedestrian main entrance for both firefighters and visitors. The secondary entrance on the west side serves as an access point for logistics and the basement area.To maximize the available space, the fire training grounds, running track, and basketball court are situated on the south side of the site. This design allows for a larger garden area, providing a spacious "breathing space" for the station.

功能分布

大万消防站采用“集中式”布局。由一栋3层高13.8米业务楼和一栋7层高35米训练塔组成。用地周边影响多、十分局促，需要合理布置站体、出车广场和训练场地，妥善解决项目与周边环境的矛盾。

Dawan Fire Station adopts a "centralized" layout, consisting of a three-story, 13.8-meter-high business building and a seven-story, 35-meter-high training tower. The surrounding area of the site is heavily influenced and constrained, requiring a careful arrangement of the station building, vehicle dispatch square, and training grounds to effectively address the conflicts between the project and the surrounding environment.

消防车临街直接出车，首层停放8辆消防车，大大提高出警效率。用地北侧为主要出入口，消防员和参观者由此进入消防站。对外开放区位于一、二层。消防车库面向比亚迪路, 一层为门厅、餐厅、充气室等；二层为备勤室、干部备勤、中队办公等，东北侧配套洗室和淋浴间；三层为业务用房和业辅用房；地下室主要功能为应急救援仓库和设备用房，入口在建筑南边。

The fire trucks are directly dispatched from the street, significantly improving the efficiency of emergency responses. The ground floor serves as the parking area for eight fire trucks, allowing for quick access and deployment. The main entrance is located on the north side of the site, serving as the primary access point for firefighters and visitors entering the fire station. The public access areas are located on the first and second floors.The fire truck garage faces Biyadi Road. The first floor accommodates the entrance hall, dining area, inflatable room, and other facilities. The second floor houses the standby room, officer's office, and squadron offices. Supporting facilities such as restrooms and showers are located on the northeast side. The third floor consists of rooms for firefighting operations and auxiliary functions. The basement primarily functions as an emergency rescue warehouse and equipment room, with its entrance located on the south side of the building.

此外，在楼栋多处设置空中花园，丰富了消防员的生活。本项目采用绿色建筑和海绵城市技术，通过设计屋顶果园、下凹式绿地等措施吸纳、蓄渗雨水，并有效控制场地内雨水径流。

In addition, several rooftop gardens are incorporated into the building design, enhancing the living environment for firefighters. The project also adopts green building practices and sponge city technology. Measures such as rooftop orchards and sunken green spaces are implemented to absorb and retain rainwater, effectively controlling on-site stormwater runoff. These initiatives contribute to the sustainability and environmental friendliness of the fire station.

流线组织

大万消防站的北侧为主要出入口，消防员和参观者由此进入消防站。市民周末和节假日参观时，通过楼电梯到达二层连廊，参观消防车库和车库屋顶的绿化果园，并可俯瞰训练场地。预约参观时，可通过一条完整流线将开放区参观完毕，封闭区与开放区连接处均设有管理口，做到完全不影响消防员日常训练及出勤。

The main entrance of Dawan Fire Station is located on the north side, providing access for firefighters and visitors. On weekends and holidays when the station is open for public visits, visitors can use the building elevators to reach the second-floor corridor. From there, they can observe the fire truck garage and the green orchard on the roof of the garage, as well as have a panoramic view of the training grounds.For scheduled visits, a well-planned route ensures that the open areas are visited without affecting the closed areas where daily training and operations take place. Management points are established at the connection between the open and closed areas to maintain the separation and ensure that the visits do not interfere with the firefighters' regular training and duties.

造型风格

我们在深圳市消防站“标准化”设计的基础上优化升级，加入了个性化元素，采用更加现代、简约的设计手法。用材料对比、体块穿插与折板的组合，在集约、紧凑的形体上，清晰地表达了建筑功能和形式的对应关系。同时，采用立面开洞、局部架空、空中花园、竖向格栅等手法，适应了岭南炎热多雨的气候。方正端庄的建筑形态，也展现出大万消防站具有某种庄严稳重的“安全卫士”形象。

Based on the standardized design for fire stations in Shenzhen, we have optimized and upgraded the design of Dawan Fire Station by incorporating personalized elements and adopting a more modern and minimalist approach. The use of contrasting materials, interplay of building masses, and folded plates combine to create an intensive and compact form that clearly expresses the relationship between the building's functionality and its form.Furthermore, design techniques such as facade openings, partial voids, rooftop gardens, and vertical grilles are employed to adapt to the hot and rainy climate of the Lingnan region. The square and dignified architectural form also presents Dawan Fire Station as a solemn and steadfast "guardian of safety."