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自然流淌:蒙特利尔"生态穹顶”科学博物馆 / KANVA

自然流淌:蒙特利尔"生态穹顶”科学博物馆 / KANVA
编译:赵越(实习生)| 校对:李博超 | 2021.05.14 20:49
生物穹顶  ©KANVA

设计单位  KANVA

项目地点  加拿大蒙特利尔

建成时间  2020年

建筑面积  15000平方米


 

KANVA建筑事务所蒙特利尔科学博物馆重新设计的生物穹顶,让游客沉浸在多重生态系统的真实环境中。

KANVA, a Montreal-based firm renowned for meaningful projects extending beyond the boundaries of architectural shapes and forms, is proud to unveil the delicate grandeur of the newly redesigned Biodome, a Montreal science museum that immerses visitors in the authentic environs of multiple ecosystems.

 

项目外观  ©KANVA

项目前身为1976年奥运会建造的赛车场,后改造为生物科学博物馆,生态穹顶自1992年对外开放以来,成为加拿大最受欢迎的博物馆之一。

Housed in the former Velodrome, constructed for the Montréal 1976 Olympic Games, the Biodome opened in 1992 and is a jewel in the crown of a consortium of facilities that collectively account for the most visited museum spaces in Canada.

 

博物馆入口  ©KANVA

在2014年赢得该博物馆改造的国际建筑竞赛后,事务所受蒙特利尔生活研究院委托,对这项耗资2500万美元的项目进行改造。改造范围包括生态穹顶、天文馆、昆虫馆和植物园。

After winning an international architectural competition in 2014, KANVA, co-founded by Rami Bebawi and Tudor Radulescu, was commissioned for the $25 million project by Space for Life, the body charged with overseeing operations of the Biodome, Planetarium, Insectarium, and Botanical Garden.

 

概念模型  ©KANVA

首席建筑师Rami Bebawi指出:“我们希望增强游客与博物馆独特的生态系统之间的联系,同时改造建筑的公共空间。在这个过程中,我们了解到生物穹顶技术为人们提供了一个了解自然环境复杂性的平台,特别是在当前气候变化的背景下,理解人与自然的相互影响显得尤为重要。“

“Our mandate was to enhance the immersive experience between visitors and the museum’s distinct ecosystems, as well as to transform the building’s public spaces,” notes Rami Bebawi, a partner of KANVA and the project’s lead architect. “In doing so, we proudly embraced the role that the Biodome plays in sensitizing humans to the intricacies of natural environments, particularly in the current context of climate change and the importance of understanding its effects.”

 

概念模型  ©KANVA

 

复杂的故事线

 

项目之初,事务所就对该项目复杂的建筑空间进行了深入的研究与分析。它被视为一个由生态系统和维持这个系统正常运转的复杂机械结构组成的生命体。建筑师意识到,设计的规模要满足世界级战略,就需要严谨地把握众多细节。设计过程中的每一个决定都需要跨多个学科的协商,因而这段设计的经历可称之为一个真正的合作过程。

From the onset, KANVA studied the tremendous complexity of the building, a living entity comprised of ecosystems and very complex machinery that is critical to supporting life. They realized that any type of intervention would need to be very delicate, and that a global strategy to the scale of the mandate would require careful coordination and management of numerous micro interventions. Every decision required consultations across multiple disciplines, and it became a truly collaborative effort that embraced KANVA’s storyline.

 

平面示意图  ©KANVA

 

Bebawi说:“项目中的每个人都深刻地理解这一全局策略,他们本着合作的精神把这种理解融会贯通。”Bebawi说,“这是一次非常鼓舞人心的经历,它将成为我们未来在设计中更好地解决环境问题的范本。”

“Everybody understood the global vision, and they carried that understanding with them in the spirit of collaboration,” says Bebawi. “It was a very inspirational experience that will serve as a model for better addressing environmental issues in design in the future.”

 

剖面示意图 概念模型  ©KANVA

事务所首先关注如何利空间改造使将建筑遗产价值最大化。建筑核心空间的重塑与入口处低矮天花板的拆除相结合,使游客能够深刻体会到新老空间的交织与碰撞。在拆除现有天花板的同时,屋顶巨大的天窗面板使得充足的自然光能够进入室内,建筑内部空间向天空开放。

From an organizational perspective, KANVA began by targeting spaces that could be transformed in ways that would maximize the value of the building’s architectural heritage. The carving of a new core combined with the demolition of the particularly low ceiling at the entrance of the building allows visitors to appreciate the impressive scale of the existing space. In gutting the existing ceiling, KANVA opened the space skyward to the building’s extraordinary roof, composed of massive skylight panels that infuse an abundance of natural light.

 

大面积自然采光  ©KANVA

 

稳定的内核

 

巨大的开放空间构成了各个展区之间的核心。此外,建筑师还为博物馆设计了一种可以包裹住不同生态系统空间的参数化表皮,引导游客探索不同展区内部的生态世界。

With a massive open space now forming the core between the ecosystems, KANVA parametrically designed a living skin that they could wrap around the ecosystems, and which would serve as a guiding accompaniment to visitors.

 

参数化表皮生成概念  ©KANVA
自由流畅的形态  ©KANVA
流动的表皮引导游客探索不同生态系统  ©KANVA

预制纯白结构的安装是一项艰巨的任务,不容有任何差错。建筑师使用拉力、悬臂和三角形梁将其弯曲并在弓形铝结构周围拉伸,使这一表皮与建筑内主要的钢结构铆接在一起。同时,墙体结构中还设有机械连接节点,以适应各种构件的形态变化,满足了现场组装所需要的微调。

With exceptionally complicated structural engineering, the installation of the prefabricated pure white, biophilic skin was a monumental task. With no room for error, the skin was curved and stretched around a bowed aluminum structure, using tension, cantilevering, and triangular beams for suspension, and itself anchored to a primary steel structure. Mechanical junctions were also incorporated in order to accommodate a variety of movements and allow for on-site adjustments.

 

三角梁结构  ©KANVA
白色表皮的固定  ©KANVA
机械连接节点  ©KANVA

半透明的参数化表皮与天窗面板交相呼应,与微微倾斜的地平线,共同营造出静谧无垠之感。全新的核心空间还为游客营造出多维感官的沉浸式空间体验——从纯粹的中性过渡到周围丰富的展览空间。

The translucent skin harmoniously interacts with the skylights above, with beveled horizons that elicit a sense of calm and infinity. The new core also amplifies the sensorial experience of visitors transitioning from its pure neutrality to the multi-sensorial discovery of its adjacent ecosystems.

 

半透明的参数化表皮  ©KANVA
半透明表皮与天窗和谐互动  ©KANVA
倾斜的天际线  ©KANVA

Bebawi解释说:“核心中庭长达500米,接近四层楼高,是一个有力的空间连接体。 该空间极富象征意义,白色的纯净度很好地突出原始的混凝土结构,二者的材质形成鲜明对比。”

“It’s a very powerful tool, half a kilometer in length and rising nearly four storeys,” explains Rami Bebawi. “It’s extremely emblematic of the space, and the white purity beautifully highlights and contrasts the original structural concrete.”

 

 

白色薄膜与混凝土的材质碰撞  ©KANVA

 

感官的交互设计

 

建筑师关注建筑的空间旅程,通过设计新的参观通道,现有的线性探索过程被转变为更具动态性的空间体验,在这里,游客们可以自行规划参观路线。博物馆五个不同的生态系统空间容纳着25万种动物和500种植物。

KANVA then focused on the journey itself, designing new passages aimed at transforming the existing linear path of discovery into a more dynamic experience, where visitors take charge of their own journeys through the Biodome’s five ecosystems, housing more than 250,000 animals and 500 plant species.

 

参观通道  ©KANVA
通道细部  ©KANVA
不同展区间的公共区域  ©KANVA

在设计过程中,建筑师将目光转向视觉、嗅觉和触觉等方面的空间营造,给游客以丰富的空间感官体验。来访者从入口穿过起伏的参数化表皮后,将通过一条10米长的隧道,继而到达博物馆的核心区域。

Conceptually aiming for a more immersive experience, KANVA focused its attention on soliciting senses, relegating sight to the end of the line behind sound, smell, and touch. From the calming lobby hall, the undulating living skin funnels visitors into a 10-meter tunnel leading to the central core,

 

玻璃幕墙与白色墙面间的走廊  ©KANVA
接待大厅  ©KANVA
博物馆的核心区域  ©KANVA

在这里,游客可以自由探索五个不同的生态系统区域,包括热带雨林、劳伦斯枫树林、圣劳伦斯湾、南极洲群岛,以及拉布拉多海岸。

They can explore these five ecosystems here, including Tropical Rainforest, Laurentian Maple Forest, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Sub-Antarctic Islands, and Labrador Coast, begins.

 

 

展区入口细节  ©KANVA

入口通道处地板的微微倾斜,旨在通过一个压缩的白色通道来减缓运动速度,并带来新鲜的感官刺激。游客到达中央核心区后,参数化表皮上的细小缝隙便将人们引向不同生态空间的入口,事务所将这个过程称为“生态运输”。

The entry tunnel features a very subtle floor incline, intended to slow the pace of movement through a compressed white passage, and to void the mind for fresh sensory input. Once visitors reach the central core, smaller slits in the living skin, called eco-transits, lead them towards the ecosystem entrances.

 

表皮上的细小缝隙  ©KANVA
“生态运输”过程  ©KANVA

通道尽头的自动门被珠帘遮挡,游客穿过珠帘时,迎面而来的气味和声音令人沉浸在自然栖息地的环境氛围中。

As automatic doors at the end of the eco-transit open into the ecosystem, it remains visually obstructed by a curtain of beads. By the time visitors pass through the beads, they have been exposed to the climate, smells, and sounds of the natural habitat before seeing anything.

 

隐秘的通道与入口  ©KANVA
沉浸式的空间体验  ©KANVA

在亚南极岛地区的入口处,建筑师设计了一条新的冰隧道作为过渡区,使游客能逐渐适应寒冷的极地环境环境,而海雀与企鹅的叫声伴着极地的气息为人们提供了额外的感官刺激。

At the entrance of the Subpolar Regions, KANVA designed a new ice tunnel that acclimatizes visitors during the transition, while the sounds and smells of puffins and penguins ahead provide additional sensory stimulation.

 

亚南极群岛区入口处的冰隧道  ©KANVA

垂直方向上,生态系统的上空添加了新的展览区。通过架空的人行步道,游客可以穿越热带雨林,拨开圣劳伦斯湾中高大树木的枝叶,随后通往一个新的夹层楼。新的夹层可以俯瞰到整个博物馆的核心区,同时也用作技术层,提供互动式的教育展览。游客在这里可以深入了解各个生态系统空间是如何在这些机械设备下精确运作的。

Vertically, KANVA added an entirely new level above the ecosystems, accessible via walkways enabling visitors to move through the foliage of majestic trees of both the Tropical Rainforest and Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystems. The walkways lead to a new mezzanine, offering aerial views of the various ecosystems and the pure white nucleus. The new mezzanine also serves as a technical floor, with interactive educational exhibits and insight into the elaborate machinery required to preserve the facility’s delicate ecosystems.

 

架空的人行步道  ©KANVA
夹层空间互动教育展览  ©KANVA
沉浸式科普教学设施  ©KANVA

 

学习的历程

 

在为该博物馆的企鹅设计新的水盆之前,事务所的工作人员与生物学家和兽医一起度过了长达数周的时间,以了解企鹅的游泳方式。为了使观景平台更贴近海狸的栖息环境,给游客带来身临其境的观察体验。建筑师研究了海狸的建造能力,并提议将海狸咬断的树枝经干燥后用于衬砌空间内部。

Before designing a new water basin for the facility’s resident penguins, KANVA staff spent weeks with biologists and veterinarians in order to gain insight into the specie’s swimming patterns. To provide an authentic feel to an observation point where visitors can observe beavers in their natural habitat, the firm studied the architectural prowess of the beavers. The idea emerged to let the beavers carve the wood themselves, which was then dried and used to line the interior of the space.

 

极地展区的企鹅  ©KANVA
海狸筑巢用的树枝成为室内装饰  ©KANVA

Bebawi解释说:“在你开始设计一个周围都是生物的环境时,学习和谦逊的态度是这一切的前提。在设计人居空间时,代入自身提出设想是合理的,但是为水獭或树懒设计时,则需要切换视角,了解它们的生活习性。”

“Before you can even begin to design in an environment with living species all around you, education and a notion of humbleness are required,” explains Bebawi. “We take basic assumptions about ourselves for granted when we design for other human beings, but designing for an otter or a sloth requires that you re-educate yourself.”

 

以动物为主体的设计  ©KANVA

整个经验丰富了事务所对建筑物探索旅程——如何使建筑成为人与自然和谐共处的媒介,而非人与外部环境的阻隔。

The entire experience has enriched KANVA’s journey as an architectural firm. The educational process has advanced their exploration of how buildings, rather than being barriers to external forces, can be rendered more permeable as harmonious cohabitations between humans and nature.

 

建筑成为人与自然互动的媒介  ©KANVA

项目负责人Bebawi补充说:“我们希望人们与环境重新联系在一起,而通过生物圆顶的设计,我们做到了这一点,并为此感到自豪。在该项目为期6年的设计时间里,我们学到了许多宝贵的知识,也为未来的项目提供了创新性的方法。在这些项目中,我们意识到建筑能成为促进环境变化与发展的工具。”

“We need to reconnect people with the environment, and the Biodome does that in a refreshing way that we are proud to have contributed to,” adds Bebawi. “This project has provided us with six years of invaluable knowledge, preparing us for new and innovative approaches to future projects where architecture becomes a tool to promote and facilitate environmental change.”

 

设计图纸▽

 

 

底层平面图  ©KANVA
夹层平面图  ©KANVA
剖面图  ©KANVA
剖面图  ©KANVA
表皮细部构造  ©KANVA
表皮细部构造  ©KANVA

完整项目信息

Project Name: Montreal's Biodome

Location: Montreal, Canada

Electromechanical engineer: Bouthillette Parizeau inc.

Architect: KANVA

Structural Engineer: NCK inc

Director: Yves Paris

THE TEAM OF COLLABORATORS

Building code specialist: Groupe GLT+

Cost consultant: Legico

Specification writer: Atelier 6

Lighting design consultant: LightFactor

Collaborating exhibition designer: La bande à Paul

Collaborating set designer: Anick La Bissonnière

Collaborating museologist: Nathalie Matte

Wayfinding specialist: Bélanger Design

Land surveyor: Topo 3D

Acoustics specialist: Soft dB

 


 

版权声明:本文由KANVA授权发布。欢迎转发,禁止以有方编辑版本转载。
投稿邮箱:media@archiposition.com

 

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