藏于山顶：Bachledka多功能设施 / COMPASS ARCHITEKTI

编译：李博超（实习生） | 校对：李博超（实习生） | 2020.10.22 19:39

设计单位 COMPASS ARCHITEKTI

项目地点 斯洛伐克

建成时间 2019年

建筑面积 2020平方米

设计旨在为Bachledka滑雪度假区创造一个树顶上的步道与游乐场地。通过嵌入山体、倾斜的绿色屋顶、选择当地的木材和混凝土用作立面等方式，设计师将建筑对于Malá Poľana顶部的影响降至最低，使建筑与周围环境相融合。

The aim of the design was to create facilities for treetop walk and recreation area Bachledka Ski & Sun. Minimising of the impact of the new volume at the top of Malá Poľana and blending with surroundings was achieved by embedding into the hillside, sloping the green roofs, tracing the contour lines with façade and choosing materials such as local wood and concrete.

基地位于Mala Poľana的顶部，地处Spišská Magura的山脊上。这里常有着各种各样的活动，如滑雪、远足、骑行等，此外还有一条观光路径——树顶步道。在某些时候，每天观光此地的游客多达6000人。项目希望为游客们提供一个开展这些活动的设施。

The site is located at the top of Mala Poľana on the ridge of Spišská Magura. The area provides a variety of activities such as skiing, hiking, biking and a sightseeing route - The Treetop Walk. Up to 6,000 visitors a day come here on certain days. The aim of the proposal was to provide facilities for these activities.

人们可以通过观光路径或从三条邻近村庄的索道进入场地。我们试图将山顶的体块最小化，只保留必要的索道控制设施和树顶步道的出口结构。

Access to the site is provided by the tourist route or by three cableways from adjacent villages. We tried to minimize the mass at the top of the hill, leaving only the necessary cableway control and the treetop walk exit object.

建筑的其余部分嵌入到山体中，立面上唯一可见的只有玻璃，以此提供光线和（望向）山体的视野。建筑建在朝着Belianske Tatry的南坡上，这也为实现这次的设计提供了理想的地形条件。设计师在丘陵高原上创建了一个绿色的倾斜屋顶，以实现与场地的融合。

The rest of the building is embedded into the hillside and the only visible facades are those glazed, providing light and a view of the mountains. This was made possible by the ideal shape of the terrain - the slope is oriented to the south towards the Belianske Tatry. We achieved blending with the surrounding terrain with a green and sloped roof at the level of the hill plateau.

如何畅通无阻地从高处下至低层的餐厅露台和远处的树顶步道入口，成为了设计的一大挑战。设计师借助一个贯穿斜坡的外部楼梯解决了上述问题。这一解决方案在最重要的南向立面节省了大量的空间。
A big challenge was to get barrier-free access from the upper plateau to the lower level of the restaurant terrace and further to the treetop walk entrance. We achieved this by using an exterior staircase through which a ramp traverses. Such a solution saved a lot of space on the most important southern facade.

“坡道楼梯”上重复的细节也减少了预制混凝土部件的数量，由于缩短了设计的长度，整个屋顶平台得以向其倾斜。因此，为了在融合地形的同时获得一个顺畅的步行路径，内部的天花板被设计成倾斜的碎片状。

The repeated detail of the "rampstairs" also minimizes the number of prefabricated concrete parts. Due to the shortening of the length of the "rampstairs", the entire roof-plateau is sloped towards it. The broken and sloping ceiling in the interior is therefore derived from the need to merge with the terrain and from getting fluent pedestrian paths.

在南向立面中心的“坡道楼梯”使直接的步行路径成为可能，它将主立面分成餐厅与公寓两部分。

Central position on the south facade of the “rampstairs” allowed direct walking route and it divided the main facade into two parts- the restaurant and the apartments.

“楼梯”底下的下沉空间被用于室内的游戏区域。借助桦树的树干和网，设计师创造了一个宛如森林般的通用游戏空间。地下空间的位置极深，需要借助天窗采光。设计师还将它们同长凳结合，以保护玻璃免受滑雪者的破坏。
The lowered space under the "staircase" was used as indoor play area. An universal space for play resembling forest was created with the help of birch trunks and nets. The great depth of the underground space required the use of skylights. We also combined them with a bench to protect the glass from skiers.

建筑表面的基础材料为混凝土与木材。当地的云杉板材被用于天花板的模板，这令布局复杂的形状成为可能，也与墙上的云杉板相得益彰。部分模板也被重复使用在卫生间的隔墙上。
The basic surface materials are concrete and wood. The local spruce boards were used for the formwork of the ceiling, which made it possible to lay out complex shapes and at the same time it matches the spruce cladding on the walls. Part of the formwork boards was reused as the toilet partition walls.

餐厅由座席区、中心酒吧和自助空间组成，可以满足180个室内席位和350个室外席位的就餐需求。
The restaurant consists of the seating area, central bar and self-service space able to cover the demand of about 180 indoor + 350 outdoor seats.

三套几乎一样的公寓则更多地朝向西侧。每间公寓都包括一个带有小厨房的客厅、一个卫生间、一间浴室，以及两间由步入式衣帽间相连的双人卧室。在壁橱的上方，还有一个由梯子进入的夹层床铺。远离立面的房间自然采光则通过气窗来实现。
Three almost identical apartments are oriented more to the west. Each contains a living room with a kitchenette, a toilet, a bathroom and two double bedrooms connected by a walk-in closet. Above the closet, there is additional mezzanine bed accessible with the ladder. Natural lighting of the rooms further from facade is achieved by transom windows.

这些公寓可通过一个多功能厅进入，这个多功能厅可以用来吃早餐、玩游戏或看电视。如有需要，它还可以迅速转为教室或会议室所需的环境。
The apartments are accessed through a multipurpose room, which can be used for breakfast, games or TV. If needed, it can be quickly transformed into an environmental classroom or conference room.