奇妙的屋顶：Toranoko托儿所 / TYO

Takashige Yamashita Office

项目地点  日本山梨县

建筑面积 177.24平方米

建筑设计  Takashige Yamashita Office（TYO）

建筑设计时间 2015年6月1日—2016年2月29日

项目位于日本山梨县的一座小城里。当地大多数居民都年事已高，分散居住在规模适中的房子与农场内。坐拥着富士山的绝佳景色，小城显得非常宁静祥和，但又有些寂寥。

The project is a small nursery in a town in Yamanashi prefecture, Japan. Most of the local residents are aged, living in modest houses and farms scattered in the area. Along with a spectacular view of Mt. Fuji, the town creates a peaceful, but a bit deserted atmosphere.

业主在基地附近经营着3家照顾当地老人起居的老人院，最初的目的是为病人与当地人创建一处可共同活动的场所，后来逐渐变成整个社区的休憩空间，以及一处照看当地孩童的托儿所。

The client operates three assisted-living facilities for elderlies around the site. The initial idea was about building a public place for the patients and the locals, then it was further specified to create a lounge for the community and a nursery to take care of the children of the town.

设计的首要任务，是希望将这个项目作为一个触发点，为寂寥的邻里乃至整个社区重新注入生机。

On top of the requirement, we wanted the project to become a trigger to infuse life into the desolate neighborhood and further flourish the local community.

建筑位于一个四面被围合的基地里，屋顶以不同角度被轻巧地放置于基地之上，朝向连接道路的各个方向展开，让前往此处的人们得以从物理上或视线上与建筑进行联系。轻巧弯曲的各片屋顶组成“序列之景”，将建筑分成花园、休息室、餐厅、护理室与办公室等区域，但屋顶下的空间依然是连为一体的。

Located in the center of the enclosed site, the roofs are slightly positioned in various angles, opening towards all possible directions to allow physical and visual approach of anybody from any route. Gentle curvature of each roof creates a sequence of scenery, dividing garden, lounge, lunchroom, nursing room and office, while the spaces are still kept connected as one.

孩子们在玩耍，老人们在休息，妈妈们在一旁聊天，猫咪们在太阳底下睡懒觉。屋顶之下，每个人都拥有着属于自己的空间。

Children playing around, elderlies taking a rest, mothers chatting with each other, and cats basking in the sun – there is a place for everyone under the roof.

设计Toranoko托儿所，是期望它能像一颗大树一样，变成能够把大家聚集在一起的社区核心公共场所。

Toranoko nursery is designed in hopes of creating a core space of the community where people would gather around, as if under a big tree.

可持续性
Sustainability

Toranoko托儿所旨在设计向环境敞开的结构，积极地让自然光和风进入建筑物，从而减少能源的消耗。

The Toranoko Nursery is designed to eliminate energy use by actively allowing natural light and wind into the building through its structure open towards the environment.

以各种不同角度定向弯曲的屋面，使得从建筑各个侧面传递至房间内的亮度增强了。看护室上方的屋顶深度最大，相应地容易变暗，于是它被分成了两个不同的方向，阳光透过缝隙可渗透至室内。玻璃幕墙和宽大的窗户也有助于引入日光，减少对电灯的使用需求。

Curved roof panels oriented in all different angles augment the brightness to be delivered into the room from various sides. The roofs over the nursing room, which has the biggest depth and would relatively get dim easily, are split into two different directions that sunshine permeate the room through the gap. Glass facade and wide windows help bringing daylight in as well, diminishing the need for the use of electric lights.

朝南的拱形屋顶跨越餐厅前的中央花园，用于控制引入室内空间的阳光量，从而控制室内的温度。不使用任何柱子支撑而将屋顶升高、变宽，可最大限度地让阳光穿过屋顶照进室内，从而在冬季加热房间。巨大的深度，让屋顶充当起一个巨大的天幕，在太阳高度角较高的夏季为托儿所提供遮阳。阴凉的花园也起到了在空气进入房间前为其降温的作用。

Facing south, the arched roof spanning over the central garden in front of the lunch room performs to control the amount of sunlight introduced into the interior space, which further determines the indoor temperature. The roof rises tall and broad without any supporting columns interrupting midspan, maximizing sunlight penetration to warm the rooms up during winter. Its large depth acts as a giant canopy to provide shade over the nursery during summer when the sun is higher. The shaded garden also functions as a threshold to cool down the air before entering the room.

占据主立面和休息室一半以上的滑动门、餐厅和看护室对面的一系列门窗以及一个大窗户，使得整个建筑能够自然通风。

Sliding doors that occupy more than half of the main facade and lounge room, along with a series of windows and a large window on the opposite side of the lunch room and nursing room, enable natural air ventilation through the entire building.

结构系统
Structural system

为了实现薄而轻的屋顶，设计采用了50 x 50层压单板木材（LVL）来生产90种不同形状的结构肋的曲率，这些结构肋夹在两层9毫米的结构胶合板之间。 屋顶最大跨度达10米，厚度仅为86毫米，中间没有任何支撑元件。 由H-100x100组成的钢门架为不同的房间设置了边界，而LVL肋条跨越在它们之上。

In order to achieve thin and light roofs, 50x50 laminated veneer lumber (LVL) was used to produce the curvature of the structural ribs in 90 different shapes, which were sandwiched between two layers of 9mm structural plywood. The roof covers a large span of maximum 10m by just 86mm thickness without any supporting elements midspan. Steel portal frame by H-100x100 sets boundary between rooms, over which the LVL ribs span.

木材可以实现柔软的屋顶效果和轻盈的曲率，且能被轻易地操纵成各种形式和尺寸。因此，它将创造一个充满温馨氛围的大型开放空间。

A soft and light curvature of the roof is achieved by utilizing wood, which can easily be manipulated into variety of form and size effectively. It thus would create a big open space filled with a warm atmosphere.

完整项目信息

项目名称：Toranoko托儿所
项目地点：日本山梨县
项目功能：托儿所
基地面积：296.12平方米
建筑面积：177.24平方米
占地面积：170.66平方米
结构：钢结构+木屋顶
层高：一层
建筑设计时间：2015年6月1日—2016年2月29日
结构设计时间：2016年3月10日—2016年10月31日
业主： Seiko-kai
建筑设计：Takashige Yamashita Office（TYO）
结构工程：Sasaki Structural Consultants
墙面装饰：mirocomachiko
总承包人：Usuko Sangyo
Project title: Toranoko Nursery-A small nursery with a big roof
Project location: Yamanashi prefecture, JAPAN
Program: Nursery
Site area: 296.13m2
Building area: 177.24m2
Total floor area: 170.66m2
Structure: Steel frame + Wooden roof
Scale: one story
Design period: Jun. 1, 2015 - Feb. 29, 2016
Construction period: Mar. 10, 2016 - Oct. 31, 2016
Client: Seiko-kai
Architect: Takashige Yamashita Office（TYO）
Structural Engineer: Sasaki Structural Consultants
Wall Painting: mirocomachiko
General Contractor: Usuko Sangyo

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