新作︱巴西减法住宅 / FGMF Arquitetos

编辑：李翊娴 | 2024.04.17 14:57

设计单位 FGMF Arquitetos

项目地点 巴西布拉干萨保利斯塔

建成时间 2020年

建筑面积 485平方米

本文英文原文由设计单位提供。

减法住宅（Subtraction house）位于布拉干萨保利斯塔（Bragança Paulista）的高端住宅区Quinta da Baroneza，距离圣保罗市（São Paulo）仅90公里。

Subtraction house is located in the high-end residential condominium Quinta da Baroneza, in Bragança Paulista, just 90 kilometers from the city of São Paulo.

该住宅是为一对夫妇和他们十几岁的儿子设计的，占地方正，充分利用了缓坡地形，视野开阔。FGMF建筑师站在保护景观的角度，决定挖除场地中间部分，并在地面上建造一个带采光天井、车库和花园的地下室，将房屋升高到地面以上。

The property, designed for a couple and their teenage son, was strategically placed on a square plot, taking advantage of the gently sloping topography and offering generous views. The FGMF architects' concern with preserving the view led to the decision to excavate the land in the central strip, thus creating a basement with a lighted patio, garage and garden at street level, while raising the house above the ground.

事务所指出，项目面临的挑战是如何使一个传统项目呈现出与普通项目截然不同的外观，最终建成了一座内部空间紧凑，而外部空间宽敞的合成住宅。

The office points out that the challenge was to make a conventional program take on a far from ordinary appearance, and the result is a synthetic house, with a compact internal area in relation to the expansive external area.

住宅采用钢筋混凝土在现场浇筑而成，地面采用抛光混凝土饰面，砌体采用白色油漆，建筑呈现出现代主义和简约主义的美感。

Built with reinforced concrete molded on site, the residence has polished concrete finishes on the floor and white-painted masonry, giving it a modernist and minimalist aesthetic at the same time.

建筑师们在处理这个项目时，决定挑战他们作品中的主流逻辑，即作为空间创造者的结构概念。

The architects decided, when tackling this project, to challenge the prevailing logic in their work, derived from the São Paulo school from which they originate, the structural conception as the creator of space.

为此，他们在设计中选择了一种不同寻常的策略：他们从理论构思入手，设计了两个裸露的混凝土高架平面，在尊重场地法规的同时，尽可能多地占用场地。

To do this, they opted for an unusual strategy in FGMF's work: they started with the theoretical conception of two exposed concrete plans, elevated, occupying as much of the plot as possible, respecting setbacks and other legislation applicable to the site.

建筑师将住宅功能分为社交区、私密区、休闲区和服务区，并在此基础上研究了多种功能布局方法，直到找到最合适的组织方式。与此同时，基于建筑平面的原始边界，建筑师在上、下平面“切割”出人行道、地下花园穿过建筑的空隙及采光间隙，住宅也因此得名“减法”。

With these dimensions, they studied various organizational charts for occupying the house, with social, intimate, leisure and service areas, until they found the organization that seemed most appropriate. Based on this "occupation" between planes, they studied various cutouts in the upper and lower planes, creating walkways, voids through which underground gardens cross the building, and gaps of light, but always preserving the limits of the original planes - hence the name subtraction that gives the residence its name, as it was a work of suppression, of cutting out the planes.

在这种空间和美学构思的前提下，结构以一种非常规的方式启动，形成了一种非笛卡尔式的，有效的支撑。

After this spatial and aesthetic conception, the structure was launched, in a non-regular way, creating a non-Cartesian, albeit efficient, support.

这样精细的组织使得大部分房间都与室外露台融为一体，与周围的自然景观紧密相连。同时，卧室和浴室就像镶嵌在石板之间的白色小盒子，形成了鲜明的对比。

With this refined organization, most of the rooms are integrated with outdoor terraces, providing an intimate connection with the surrounding nature. Meanwhile, the bedrooms and bathrooms are like little white boxes fitted between the flagstones, offering a striking contrast.

在平面布局上，建筑师以错落有致的方式布置楼梯，既平衡了项目突出的水平性，还在建筑中创造了空隙。当地植被在空隙中生长，让居住者无论身处住宅中的客厅、游泳池还是车库花园，都能享受丰富的景观视野，还能促进居住者之间的视线接触。

The accentuated horizontality of the project is skillfully balanced by strategically placed voids in the horizontal planes, drawn in a mismatched way and associated with the stairs. These voids not only provide multiple views, but also encourage visual contact between the people in the house, whether in the living room, the swimming pool or the garage garden, where the local vegetation grows and occupies part of the voids.

景观设计被建筑师视为建筑的基本要素，从设计之初就与建筑融为一体，并与内外空间相辅相成。

Landscaping, considered by architects to be an essential element of architecture, is integrated from the outset, complementing and structuring internal and external spaces.

游泳池被布置在第一块屋顶板上，它是打破建筑结构僵硬边缘的唯一元素，以一种柔和的方式反射光线，就像裸露混凝土中的一个主要突破口，为环境增添了一丝宁静。

The swimming pool, strategically positioned on the first roof slab, is the only element that breaks with the rigidity of the edges of the party's organizing plans, and reflects the light in a soft way, like a predominant break in the exposed concrete, adding a touch of serenity to the environment.