长野YMK木屋住宅，内有“乾坤” / Takeshi Hirobe Architects

编译：宋诗雨 | 审校：宋诗雨 | 2025.08.06 14:40

设计单位 Takeshi Hirobe Architects

项目地点 日本长野（Karuizawa City, Nagano）

完成时间 2022年9月

建筑面积 205.53平方米

本文英文原文由Takeshi Hirobe Architects提供，由有方编译。

这座住宅专为一位从城市迁居至乡村高地、计划远程工作的客户设计。场地呈平缓斜坡状，西侧临路，向东延伸后陡然下降。一条小溪在下方流淌，形成一处幽静的山谷。因此，住宅与最近的房屋（位于山谷对面）相距甚远。这一侧的景致由层层叠叠、密集生长的树木构成，从山坡向下延伸。为充分利用这周围环境，住宅的东南角设计了一个大型观景窗。

This residence was designed for a client who relocated from the city to a rural highland area with the intention to work remotely. The site is characterized by a gentle slope that runs from the west side, which faces a road, to the east before dropping sharply. A small stream flows below, forming a modest valley. As a result, there is a significant distance between the residence and the nearest house, located across the valley, and the view on this side is marked by trees that cascade down the slope in a dense, layered arrangement. To make the most of these surroundings, the southeast corner of the residence was designed to accommodate a large picture window.

长野轻井泽以凉爽宜人的夏季闻名，但冬季却异常寒冷，气温可降至零下10摄氏度以下。因此，此地的住宅地基必须建在冻土深度以下。虽然当地房屋地基有时会独立于主体结构进行挖掘，但本设计中，结构本身也位于冻土深度以下，这部分空间被有效利用。应客户要求，在地下部分安装了一张标准尺寸的台球桌，作为提升住宅价值的亮点融入了整体设计。

The town of Karuizawa is known for its cool and refreshing summers, but the winters can be harsh, with temperatures dropping below -10°C. Because of this, the foundations of homes here must be built below the frost depth. While parts of home foundations here are sometimes dug independently from their main structures, the structure itself, in this case, also lies below the frost depth, and this portion of the house was utilized effectively: at the request of the client, a full-size billiard table was installed in this belowground section, which was incorporated into the design of the residence as a value-adding enhancement.

为抵御冬季严寒，住宅地板下方安装了水基热能储存系统。该系统吸收一天中的温度变化，创造热稳定性，同时两台热泵空调确保24小时气候控制。还配备了一个燃木火炉作为热源。在引入室外空气最为舒适的时候，热能储存系统则专门用于调节温度波动。上文提及的冻土层以下的地基也构成了该热能储存系统的一部分。

To combat the winter cold, the house features a water-based thermal-energy storage system beneath the floor. This system absorbs temperature changes throughout the day, creating thermal stability, while two heat pump air conditioners ensure 24-hour climate control. There is also a wood-burning stove for use as a heat source, and at times when letting in outside air is the most comfortable option, the thermal storage system is used solely for regulating temperature fluctuations. The foundation below the frost depth (as explained above) also functions as part of the thermal storage system.

建筑中部附近设有一道木桁架剪力墙。该墙体采用60毫米厚的材料，以方形网格布置，并用45毫米的对角构件加固。这些对角构件同时起到抵抗水平荷载的支撑作用，并进一步由更小的30毫米对角构件加强。这种渐进式加固显著提高了墙体的抗屈曲强度。除了功能性作用，这种结构元素通过对空间尺度的感知产生影响，也为室内美学做出了微妙而富有动感的贡献。

Near the center of the building is a wood-truss shear wall, created using 60-millimeter-thick material laid out on a square grid and reinforced by 45-millimeter diagonal members. These diagonal members also function as bracing for horizontal loads and are further reinforced by smaller 30-millimeter diagonal members. This progressive reinforcement enhances the wall’s buckling strength. In addition to serving a functional role, this structural element makes a subtle yet dynamic contribution to the interior aesthetic by influencing the perception of scale within the space.

住宅的剖面结构比较复杂，虽然技术上是一座两层建筑，但设计将空间划分为多个不同的层级，同时保持了整个内部空间的统一感。这种空间平衡由六个精心界定的楼层支撑，每个楼层都根据特定区域的需求量身定制。通过这种方式，设计过程不仅回应了土地的地形，也在建筑内部创造了一片独特的新“地形”。

The cross-sectional composition of the residence is quite complex. Although it is technically a two-story building, the design divides the space into multiple distinct levels while at the same time maintaining a unified feel throughout the whole interior. This spatial balance is supported by six carefully defined floor levels, each tailored to the needs specific to each area. In this way, the design process involved not only responding to the land’s topography but also creating a distinctive new “terrain" within the architecture itself.