潮州大吴会客厅：榕树下的乡村记忆 / 无设建筑

编辑：蔡如若（实习）| 校对：李博超 | 2024.12.19 09:13

设计单位 无设建筑

项目地址 潮州市潮安区

建成日期 2024年11月

建筑面积 1500平方米，室内面积 1100平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

“一定要傍晚去。

夕阳打在榕树上，映照在白色的墙面，树影斑驳。

是记忆中的幼儿园。”

——大吴村民

/潮来潮去的乡愁

无论走多远，这里永远是我的家/

在潮州，几乎每个村落里都能见到榕树。它们枝叶繁茂、长须垂挂，为当地的村民遮风挡雨。岁月荏苒，久而久之便成为了乡邻聊天自然聚集的“会所”、孩童嬉戏的乐园，也成为了人们心底抹不掉的一片乡愁。

In Chaozhou, banyan trees with ush branches and leaves can be found in almost every village, providing shelter for the local villagers away from wind and rain and a natural gathering spot for neighbors, a playground for children, and an indelible nostalgia in a localer’s heart.

▲项目视频 ©无设建筑

白墙灰砖，榕树下穿梭着各自忙碌的村民，还有永远独守在家中的老人。这是许多母亲口中潮州家乡的样子，也是立邦创始人吴清亮心中故乡的画像。

Many people picture their hometown associated with white walls and gray bricks, busy villagers, and elderly people in front of their home alone, the same as to Mr. Wu Qingliang, the founder of Nippon Paint who donated money to build The Songchang Kindergarten in 1980s upon his return to China.

建造于1980年代的松昌幼儿园，是吴清亮回国捐资建造的第一批基础设施。再往后，无论从办学还是建筑的安全等级考虑，幼儿园无法被正常使用。于是，吴清亮和他的家人便委托《梦想改造家》节目组，希望将废弃多年幼儿园改造成一座服务于全村居民的公共活动中心。

With regards to the safety of the building and stability of a school, the kindergarten has been disused for a long time. Hence, Mr. Wu and his family entrusted "Dream Home" to transform the abandoned kindergarten into a public center which serves the entire village residents.

/延续榕树下的树荫

继续庇护村民的日与夜/

“我们想建造一片榕树下的树荫。它自治、开放、友好、松弛；有多种功能的输出，让人随时都想进来，进来之后能呆得住。人们可以喝茶、聊天、看书、发呆、写作业、听潮戏、玩泥塑、吃流水席……“

记忆中的幼儿园是懵懂、甜蜜且富足雀跃的。然而，出现在建筑师顾忆面前的教学场景，是孤寂、破败，到处是被时间遗忘的味道。

The kindergarten in architect Gu Yi‘s memory was naïve, yet sweet and prosperous, while the site during his first visit was lonely, dilapidated, as if it was forgotten by time.

原先的校舍是一个四面围合的院落，包括两层的教学楼，一层教师的辅助用房，还有一棵三百岁的参天大榕树。整个校舍就坐落在这棵榕树下。建筑师见到这棵榕树后，产生了灵感：以往的村子，大家都是在树下聚集各种的活动——聊天、吃饭、喝茶、乘凉。这棵树成为了村里社交的灵魂。因此改造的核心就是将这个院子全部打开，让整个空间看上去就像是一片巨大的树荫。

The original site was a quadrangle courtyard with a two-story teaching building, a one-story building with auxiliary rooms for teachers on one side. The entire school building is placed under a tall banyan tree of 300 hundred year old. “After witnessing this banyan tree, we had an inspiration that people in the village liked to gather under the tree for various activities such as chatting, eating, drinking tea, and enjoying natural breeze. This tree has become the soul of social interaction for the village. Therefore, the core ideal of renovation is to open up the entire courtyard, simulating a huge shade of trees ", said by Gu Yi, when he recalled his direct inspiration of the design a year ago.

空间以三百岁的大榕树为起点，向四周扩延。设计团队拆除了重重的围墙，借助先进的钢木结构，来营建一个隔而不断的无边界社区。秉承这样的设计理念，建筑师重新梳理了原先的两层教学楼，并将临河部分的公厕推翻，一并作了改造。原先教师的辅助房被全部打开设计成连廊。一层的平台延伸出一条有趣的曲线至二层，形成了一个类似看台的立体空间，为人们营造出安坐在榕树下的观演体验。

The space starts from the 300 year old banyan tree and extends outwards by dismantling a few walls and regenerate in advanced steel and wood structures to build a borderless communal center. Adhering to this design philosophy, the architect reorganized the original two-story teaching building by demolishing the public toilets near the river and the auxiliary rooms into corridors. An interesting curve extends from the platform on the first floor to connect with the second floor, creating a three-dimensional space resembling a bleacher, forming performing experience of people sitting under the banyan tree.

/新与旧的共生

体会时间的痕迹/

大吴会客厅的另一番特写，是新和旧的元素在这里并存，并巧妙地融合在全新的结构与形式之中。建筑师保留了历经40年风雨的“松昌教学楼”牌匾以及一面砖墙，砖墙上还留下了孩子们涂鸦的画作与一扇青绿色的木门。

Another highlight feature for Living Room of Dawu Village is the coexistence of new and old elements, interspersed in a completely new structure and form. The architect has preserved the plaque of the "Songchang Teaching Building" that has weathered 40 years, as well as a brick wall with graffiti paintings by children and a green wooden door.

潮州靠海，其独特的建造工艺是将贝壳粉末混入泥沙中，压制成墙砖。在建造新型水洗石门窗时，建筑师也遵循了潮州的传统制作方法，同时保留了石碑、铭牌、木雕、石柱等老物件，希望它们可以继续守护在新建筑中。此举也是对潮州文化中“做人有前才有后，万事有交代”的传统礼制的一种致敬。

Chaozhou is close by the sea, so the wall tiles are made by mixing powdered shells with sand and then pressed into bricks, which is a unique construction technique in the area. When building a new door and window system made of washed stone material, the development of the materials also followed local traditions. At the same time, old objects such as stone tablets, nameplates, wood carvings, and stone pillars have been preserved to punctuate the importance of protection and sustainability in the new architecture. By this method, the architect pays tribute to the traditional ritual system embedded in Chaozhou culture, which emphasizes the importance of cultural heritage.

无论是一楼还是二楼，建筑师选用了传统木质窗棂以及大量的木质家具作为室内的填充。这一类的手工艺品为建筑带去了现代材料所缺乏的温暖，也展现了潮州作为非遗文化传承城市，对手工艺与自然的珍视。

Whether on the first or second floor, traditional wooden window frames and a large amount of wooden furniture has been introduced to create warm amibiance, and to reflect Chaozhou's appreciation for craftsmanship and nature as a city that inherits intangible cultural heritage.

远看，这是一座重新建造的新建筑。但当村民们走进来的时候，会在许多细节之处感知并触摸到时间流淌过的熟悉的痕迹。

From a distance, this is a newly risen building. But when the villagers walk in, they will perceive the sense of familiarities through many details.

/让每一天的阳光

通过这片树荫慢慢渗入村民的日常/

建造一片看似轻盈亦能承重的“树荫”并不容易。建筑的整个跨度近乎20米，却看不到一根立柱。结构设计师王锦最终以22公分的尺度完成了这个挑战，成就了整个项目中一抹亮点。“这应该算是我做过难度系数最高的一个项目了。”王锦说。

Building a seemingly lightweight and load bearing 'tree shade' structure is not easy. The entire span is almost 20 meters without a single exposed pillar. Ultimately, the structure was completed with a scale of 22 centimeters, creating a highlight spot for the project. “This should be considered as the most difficult project I have ever worked on", said Wang Jin from the structure team.

一座被时间封锁的校舍，被建筑师的用心与巧思缓缓打开。大吴村的乡民又或者是慕名而来的客人正从四面八方走进这里。一楼是连廊、剧场、手作坊、共享厨房；二楼是自习室、茶书院、非遗体验区。一幅幅被树影、水波纹浸透的画卷舒展开来：放学后的孩子们在这里自习、奔跑；家长们围坐在这里聊天、喝茶；老人家们三两依靠着打发时间；喜欢唱潮剧的阿姨们在这里排练，上演着并不正式的剧目。逢年过节，大家都聚拢在此处一起祭祖、舞狮、唱英歌、摆流水席。

A school building that has been sealed off by time has been opened up and renewed ingenuine details by Gu Yi's team. Villagers from Dawu or visitors who came here out of admiration are gathering here, a multi-functional architecture for everyone. The first floor ia planned in corridor, theater, handicraft workshop, and shared kitchen while the self-study room, tea house, and cultural heritage experiential room are placed on the second floor. Children study and play games here after school when parents could have tea here. The elderly spend time together while aunties who enjoy singing Chao Opera could rehearse and perform informal dramas. During festivals and holidays, everyone gathers here to worship ancestors, dance lions, sing Chao Opera, and have dinner party.

榕树下的“大吴会客厅“，是属于大吴村里的会客厅。村民们在这里得以享受他们在家以外的所有的休闲活动。同时，也可以成为招待宾朋最具备仪式感的空间。

Living Room of Dawu Village under the banyan tree is served as the public center in the town. Villagers can enjoy all their leisure activities outside their homes here. At the same time, it can also become the most ceremonial space to treat and entertain guests.

“人们不用去刻意地看设计手法，最终体会到的将是设计师的初心。”建筑师希望这个公共空间是开放的、包容的、平和的、不被定义的，并且可以满足多样化的需求，适用于任何的场景；希望这里能够伴随着徐徐吹来的风，让每一天的阳光、雨水慢慢地渗入到村民的日常活动中来；希望村民们能够爱上这个地方。
Architect Gu Yi aspires to design this public space to be open, inclusive, and peaceful. The renovated building should not be defined and can meet diverse requirements, applicable to any scenario. “You don't have to deliberately find any design techniques, what you ultimately experience is just an architect’s original intention.” This is a building for every village and indeed accommodate their daily activities, accompanied by breeze, sunshine even rain of every day. Just like Gu Yi and his friends, as well as the team of 'Dream home' cherish this big, old banyan tree, the new space could be adored by everyone.