像一块矿石，无言而丰富：法国L’Arche文化中心 / K Architectures

像一块矿石，无言而丰富：法国L'Arche文化中心 / K Architectures

编译：袁蓓祺 | 校对：袁蓓祺 | 2024.08.14 14:46

设计单位 K Architectures

项目地点 法国维勒鲁普

建成时间 2022年

建设面积 3,272平方米

背景

维勒鲁普是法国与卢森堡边境上，洛林地区的一个小镇，这里曾经盛产铁矿石。在大规模开采铁矿石资源的时期，维勒鲁普的人口从1861年的560人增加到一个世纪后的超过1.6万人。许多意大利人来到这里，填补了开采和加工所需的工作岗位。人口的流入持续了四代人的时间，直到铁矿石资源枯竭。

Villerupt is a small town in Lorraine, built on the border with Luxembourg on a subsoil that was once full of iron ore. It followed the huge expansion of the exploitation of this resource, growing from 560 inhabitants in 1861 to over 16,000 a century later. Many Italians will come to fill the tens of thousands of jobs needed to extract and process millions of tons of material. Four generations will follow one another until the resource was exhausted.

50多年后的今天，许多小镇居民仍然对意大利怀有思乡之情，因此维勒鲁普每年都会举办盛大的意大利电影节。此外，虽然几乎所有的工业设施都被拆除了，但这里的风景仍然保留着这个时期的许多遗迹。其中最为壮观的便是巨大的挡土墙，而新的文化中心，就建在其中一堵挡土墙的脚下。

More than fifty years later, a large number of Villeruptians remain attached to their Italian roots and Villerupt organizes an annual Italian film festival of national scope. On the other hand, almost all industrial facilities have been dismantled, but the landscape retains many vestiges of this period. Giant retaining walls are the most spectacular. It is at the foot of one of them that the Arch is built.

契机与挑战

维勒鲁普是阿尔泽特河谷一系列市镇的中心城镇。这些市镇有着相同的工业历史，而如今都与卢森堡对劳动力的大量需求息息相关。

Villerupt is the center of a string of municipalities built in the Alzette valley. These neighbors, united by the same industrial history, are now all linked to the massive demand for labor called for by Luxembourg.

这些市镇联合开展了一项重大项目，以清理面积广阔的工业荒地，并建设一个有未来的新区域。该地区第一座建筑是便是L'Arche - Micheville文化中心，因而该项目具有象征意义，其目的在于通过与卢森堡一侧的邻居城市，阿尔泽特河畔埃施（Esch-sur-Alzette）一起获得“欧洲文化之都”的称号。令人欣慰的是，这一目标在2022年，甚至在文化中心最终交付之前，就已实现了。

These municipalities have come together in a major joint project to clean up a vast industrial wasteland and build a new district with a future. Symbolically, the first building to be erected in this area was L'Arche, with the aim of obtaining the title of "European Capital of Culture" in partnership with its Luxembourg neighbor, Esch-sur-Alzette. The goal was reached in 2022 even before its final delivery.

文化中心被规划成一个混合文化空间，数字艺术、创意产业和多种艺术实践在此交汇。这是一个关于生活和分享的地方，人们可以在这里找到酒吧餐厅、电影院、表演厅、制造实验室和沉浸式数字艺术画廊。

L'Arche has been programmed as a hybrid cultural space where digital arts, creative industries and multiple artistic practices meet. It is a place of life and sharing where you can find a bar-restaurant, a cinema, a performance hall, a fablab and an immersive digital art gallery.

概念

文化中心建在一堵宏伟的挡土墙脚下。这堵又高又厚的墙由石头砌成，曾支撑着一个操作平台，开采出来的矿石会在先在这个平台上卸货，再运往下面的钢厂。这片景观可能为《权力的游戏》系列剧中与“墙”相关的部分带来了灵感，也使本项目的建筑师深受启发。

The Arch is built at the foot of a monumental wall. This high and thick wall, built of stone, supported a technical platform on which the extracted ore was unloaded before being transported to the steel mills below. Faced with this striking landscape that could have inspired the "wall" of the series "Game of Thrones", faced with this working class history that has creolized the region with a strong Italian consonance, Karine Herman and Jérôme Sigwalt were inspired by an unprecedented context.

该建筑以一种具有叙事感和地方特色的独特形式呈现。它如同一块巨大的矿物，以同样的力量回应了与之毗邻的、具有压迫感的高耸墙壁。此外，它还呼应了不远处另一个巨型挡土结构，后者的表面遍布拱廊，让人联想到意大利著名的古迹，罗马斗兽场。

Their narrative architecture has invented a particularly singular, even endemic form. Its massive and mineral morphology responds with the same power to the disproportionate wall that borders it. His writing also refers to another gigantic retaining structure built not far away and which is honeycombed according to the principle of arcades. A timeless theme that is reminiscent of a similar support structure built in Italy some 2000 years ago, the Colosseum in Rome.

建筑师的另一个灵感来源，马拉帕特别墅，也来自意大利。它位于卡普里岛32米高的悬崖之上，是一座建于20世纪的小型建筑，也是意大利理性主义建筑经典。

It is also in Italy that the architects were inspired by an almost universal reference. It is a small building that was built in the last century in the wild and phantasmagorical creeks of the island of Capri. It is called the Casa Malaparte and this house is an icon of Italian rationalist architecture as it has become an architectural icon of the cinema since Brigitte Bardot and Michel Piccoli walked it in 1963 in Jean-Luc Godard's Le Mépris.

和这座形状独特的别墅一样，文化中心体积巨大，斜向切出一个“第五立面”，在勾勒出轮廓的同时通过一个宏伟的斜坡使人们的目光引向挡土墙的高耸。项目在最高处设计了一个观景台，未来这里将会添加一个结合建筑和数字艺术的体量。

The invention of this link with Villerupt seemed almost incongruous, but the architects dared and the Arch was indeed shaped to recall the singular shape of this house. Its massive volume, beveled on the fifth facade, is profiled in a monumental paved staircase that lets our eyes slide to the heights of the wall. Its high landing is designed as a belvedere and awaits the installation of a building combining architecture and digital art.

建筑宽阔的拱廊通向Nino Rota广场，Nino Rota是一位意大利作曲家，他为许多电影创作了配乐，其中包括《教父》和《卡萨诺瓦》。

The massive building is slimmed down and opens generously in arcades into the Esplanade Nino Rota, named after the Italian composer who wrote many film scores, including the Godfather and Fellini's Casanova.

建筑的大厅也向公众开放，大厅之中有一个酒吧餐厅和一个小型临时舞台。这个空间由墙体限定，可通往其他功能空间，例如147座的电影院、沉浸式画廊、制造实验室，和一个可容纳多达1,140人的巨大礼堂。

The third place opens to the public by a hall animated by a bar-restaurant and a small ephemeral stage. This space is framed by interior facades that open up to other spaces, including the 147-seat cinema, the immersive gallery, the "fablab" and, above all, a vast auditorium with very ambitious capacities for adapting to a capacity of up to 1,140 people.

建筑内部空间也刻意采用了当代极简主义风格，与外观一致。宽敞的大厅沐浴在自然光中，以愉悦友好的氛围迎接公众。

The interior architecture is deliberately written in the same contemporary minimalism. The large volume of the hall, bathed in natural light, welcomes the public in a convivial atmosphere punctuated by works imagined in the grandiloquent tradition of theatrical foyers.

通往主厅看台的楼梯与建筑内墙独立，在大厅空间中被视为一件展陈作品，具有纪念感。

The staircase, which leads to the balcony of the main hall, is deported from the interior façade to be read in the space as a monumental work.

照明吊灯经过专门设计，分为凹面、凸面两种类型，在结构上与舞台布景中常用的吊灯相近，但以粗钢作为框架，组装相对简单。设计通过在灯上覆明胶，使得照明光的色调与洛兰地区的日落近似。空间中其他部分的颜色则包括浅一些的黄色、深蓝、混凝土灰、哑光白等。

The lighting is provided by chandeliers created specifically for the place. Two models, one concave and the other convex, are designed according to a technicality close to the structures used in scenography. Their frame is in raw steel and the assemblies are relatively low tech. These structures are designed to support technical lighting fixtures along cone-shaped lines. The lamps are coated with show gelatin to color the light in the dominant tones of a Lorrain sunset. The colors in general are chosen in their faded tones or in the concrete greys. The rest of the spaces are whitened in a matt way, as if powdered with a white of Meudon.

一方面，L'Arche文化中心是一个独特的建筑，而另一方面，它依旧遵循建筑师持续探索的“何为永恒”的主题。它以抽象的形式呈现，但它并非剥离了所有时代痕迹，而是允许许多不同时代的痕迹在它身上共存。建筑师对此解释道：“当代建筑作品往往只反映出人们对历史的漠不关心。而我们所追寻的是恰恰相反的东西。”

L'Arche is a unique building that nevertheless follows the theme of timelessness that its architects continue to explore in their creations. Because if minimalism remains their dominant trend, the authors use a malicious pleasure to never push their picturesque referents beyond the limits of abstraction. It is as if they refuse to let their works stand out in history. Not so that they don't have an age, but so that they have several ages. Jérôme Sigwalt explains, "Buildings of contemporary writing too often tell only of a simple disinterest in history. We are looking for the exact opposite."