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胡同屋檐下的城市记忆:即作建筑工作室改造 / 即作建筑

胡同屋檐下的城市记忆:即作建筑工作室改造 / 即作建筑
编辑:赖含章(实习生);校对:严婷(实习生) | 2018.08.09 15:40

即作建筑 MINOR lab

www.minorlab.info

由院子看向展览空间  摄影:陈颢

设计单位  即作建筑 MINOR lab

项目地点  北京市东城区

设计时间  2017年6月—2017年9月

建筑面积  115平方米


 

北京二环内的老城胡同区是一片独特的城市区块,平坦且密集。它的周围被20多米宽的高架环路、以及相比老城尺度瞬间扩大的二环外现代化高楼与街区所围绕。工作室的基地位于东城区北边,邻近热闹的北锣鼓巷。周遭大多为住家,四合院、杂院与四至六层的老楼房为邻,零星小商铺散布其中。尽管北京的街道为方正布局,一旦进入胡同,街道开始变得弯曲,宽度缩小至3—5米甚至更窄。它们由人的身体活动衍生,成为了构成城市的尺度与纹理的一部分。

Hutongs of the old Beijing are deemed as an authentic urban zone. Located within the second ring, this flat and intensive maze of alleyways and courtyards is surrounded by 20-metre-wide elevated expressways, ever-expanding skyscrapers and modern blocks. MINOR lab is situated in north Dongcheng District, close to the bustling Beiluogu Xiang. Quadrangle courtyards (Siheyuan), tenement yards(Zayuan), old residences of 4 to 6 storeys and scattered stores constitute the entire neighborhood. The layout of streets in Beijing are normally upright and square, whereas the width of alleyways reduces to 3 to 5 metres or an even narrower scale. The zigzag of Hutong lanes appears naturally due to human scale and their interactions, as the measurement and vein of the city.

 

在早晨前往工作室的路上,从大马路拐进胡同后,迎面而来的是提着菜篮来往于菜贩间的街坊们、因为道路瞬间变窄而缓慢下来的车流、还有阵阵生活的气味——厨房的火气、早点摊的香气、公厕味、还有因时节变换的潮气;声音也是丰盛的——街坊邻居的聊天、骑车叫卖的小贩、车子过不去了的争吵、各种混杂的方言、起风的树叶和虫鸣鸟叫。

In the morning and on the way to the studio, once turning into the Hutong from the main street, we would be welcome by a quotidian yet lively scene: neighbors with baskets shopping from peddlers and a slow traffic moving through a busy lane. The scent in the air smells familiar too: home cooking in the kitchen, breakfast stalls, public restrooms and seasonal humidity… As for the sound, it is equally vivid: neighbors' chatting, peddlers'selling voices, passengers' arguing…Different dialects, rustling leaves, singling birds and insects compose an intriguing symphony. 

 

重建前的状态  摄影:张翔宇

合院基地长13.5米、宽9.5米。推开木头门后映入眼帘的是由青砖墙围合的方正空间,两棵高大的银杏树立于其中。屋顶与银杏树下是一片独立的世界,宁静,却仍受胡同节奏的影响。设计团队在2017年的夏天遇见这个合院,当时房东正在重建木结构、青砖墙、灰瓦屋顶。在大量沟通后,团队决定租下这里,接手设计与改造,在这里扎根建立“工作的世界”。

The courtyard that has been transformed to MINOR lab is a 13.5 by 9.5 meters rectangular site. When the wooden door is pushed open, a square space enclosed by grey brick walls presents itself. Two grand ginkgo trees stand in the yard – a unique space is created underneath the trees and on the rooftop, tranquil yet still immersed in the beats of Hutong. We came across this courtyard in the summer of 2017. Back then, the landlord was reconstructing the wooden structure, grey brick walls and grey roof tiles. After rounds of communication, we decided to rent, redesign and transform the whole yard so that we could take root and build our own world of making architecture.

 

改造前的胡同视角,左侧为入口  摄影:王艺祺
改造前的重建阶段  摄影:王艺祺
改造之前的状态  摄影:王艺祺

 

 

透过建筑,产生对话

Communicate via architecture

 

过去的北京作为皇城,是在帝制体系中所建立的城市,从中轴线、紫禁城乃至城墙,都是绝对性的存在。相比之下,胡同则是在这个权力与机能架构中,逐渐形成的市井场所。胡同两侧的四合院比邻,墙体后的每个合院都是不同家庭生活的空间。不同的生活体系依墙并置在一起,运作在这个独特的城市尺度和纹理之中,平衡地共生共存。 

Historically speaking, Beijing as an imperial city, has been established on the core basis of imperialization. The axes, Forbidden City and even the red city walls represented the absolute existence of imperial authority. Within such a complex institution of power and functionalities, Hutongs took shape gradually and became venues for the mass. Quadrangle courtyards on both sides of Hutongs were neighbors to each other. Behind the walls, every courtyard stood for a particular family space; and when they were aligned together by walls, all of them started to coexist and co-live on top of Beijing’s unique disposition.

 

由屋顶看向院子  摄影:王艺祺

近现代进程中,城市秩序的消解与重塑,使北京城里的胡同与四合院产生极大的变化;人口结构、密度与社会体系的剧变让四合院变得难以定义。胡同的轮廓被留下了,但两侧墙体的风景却在不断地拆与建之中显得断裂。 

In the course of modernization, the collapse and reconstruction of order has triggered massive changes to Hutongs and quadrangle courtyards in Beijing. As a result, after the upheaval, demographics, population density and the social structure have made it challenging to define quadrangle courtyards. The outline of Hutongs has been retained, however, the scenic substances behind the walls of Hutong courtyards have been fragmented in constant tearing down and reconstruction.

 

不变的是,不管墙内墙外,人们依旧在此,在岁月更迭中维持着生活。 团队想藉由设计建筑工作的场所,植入生活以“打开”院子,弱化边界,创造胡同里对话的空间。  

What has not changed for Hutongs, whether it is within or outside the walls, is that the community is still living their lives and sticking to their lifestyle in a timeless manner. Yet for us, we leverage the form of an architectural studio to open up a courtyard, wipe away the boundaries, and create a space for communication in Hutongs.

 

院子里的摄影展览活动  摄影:Masa

 

屋顶之下,流动的生活

Flowing life under the roof

 

胡同两侧的墙阻隔了胡同与室内的视线,建立了公共与私人场所的边界。墙内是内向的围合空间,但院子像是无边际的容器,让天空、风、阳光、气息与声响流了进来。合院里两棵银杏树的树冠像是飘在空中的屋顶,与层层灰瓦屋顶交叠漫延。树下的室外空间联系着四面屋顶之下的室内空间,彼此间流动连续。

Walls on either side of the Hutong prevent direct sunlight from getting inside, which can be seen as a boundary between public and private venues. Within the walls remains an inward and enclosed space, however, the yard resembles a vast container, letting in sky, wind, sunlight, air and sound. The crowns of the two grand ginkgo trees are the flowing roof in the open air, overlapping layers of grey tiles. The exterior space under the trees connects to the interior one underneath the four roofs, floating and exchanging in a continuous way.

 

院子中的两棵银杏树  摄影:陈颢
院子  摄影:陈颢

工作室位于北房,是合院里最大的室内空间。它和院子的接口并非单纯的立面,而是一道透明的长型的虚空间,从入口侧起分别是展示窗、推拉门入口与半室外透明展间。它由金属薄墙、透明玻璃、厚透明树脂板构成,展现了经过不同表面处理的金属反射与漫反射,以及树脂板与玻璃不同的透明性。这种处理方式不仅为室内提供充足自然光,使整道长型空间彷佛是光的载体,交互映像着室内外风景,还虚化了室内外的边界。光线与风景在水平方向延伸,使人们即使在室内也像是大树下工作。

The main room in the north of the courtyard is the office space, the biggest indoor space. What connects itself and the yard is a transparent strip of space, instead of a mere façade. This virtual space is made of a metal thin wall, transparent glass and thick acrylic boards. From the entrance of the courtyard, a showcase window, a sliding door and a semi-outdoor and transparent exhibition space appear in proper order. The façade demonstrates reflections and diffused reflections of several processed metal materials, as well as different degrees of transparency relatively by acrylic boards and glass. Not only the façade transmits enough daylight, but also the strip space functions as a carrier of light. It mirrors indoor and outdoor views, blurs the boundary between the two spaces – daylight and views extend horizontally and working indoors feels like sitting under the trees.

 

由入口看向里面  摄影:陈颢
由办公空间看向院子  摄影:陈颢

办公空间  摄影:陈颢

半室外透明展间与院子之间由13片平行斜置的25毫米厚透明树脂板间隔。在这个700毫米宽的空间之内,有微风、光影、以及透明树脂板的厚度所呈现的通透外观,和其抛光表面细微的反射。它是通透的界面、也是展品。这里平时除了展示工作模型,也不定期举办展览。 

The semi-outdoor exhibition space is separated from the yard with 13 25-millimeter-thick acrylic boards, placed in an inclined yet parallel manner. Within the 700-millimeter-wide space, one may feel the breeze, the light and shadow, the crystal presence and subtle reflection of the boards. The space is clear and transparent; actually, it is an exhibit itself. Apart from displaying models, it also holds exhibitions from time to time.

 

施工中的透明展览空间  摄影:刘晨
艺术家分享活动  摄影:Masa

在院子另一侧,从东、南至西分别为客房、卫浴、厨房和咖啡图书室。

The other side of the courtyard houses a guest room (East), a bathroom (Southeast), a kitchen (Southwest), a café/mini-library (West).

 

由厨房看向院子和咖啡图书室  摄影:陈颢
由咖啡图书室看向厨房  摄影:陈颢
由咖啡图书室看向客房  摄影:陈颢

客房  摄影:陈颢

在有限的院子空间里,最小限度地植入一层由钢结构、玻璃与阳光板构成的轻质半透明界面空间,把各功能空间整合在一起,是廊子也是空间的延伸,让院子透过半透明界面或玻璃推拉门延伸至室内。阳光板可以保护必要的私密性,起到了一定保温隔热的作用,也柔化了进入室内的自然光,使室内氛围随着日光树影的变化而改变。 

In the limited courtyard space, we have modestly imbedded a light and translucent interface made of steel frame, glass and polycarbonate panel. It combines the functional spaces and makes the aisle an extension to the courtyard space, which permeates the limited indoor space through the translucent interface or glass sliding door. The polycarbonate panel we have used guarantees proper privacy and thermal insulation, and softens the natural light indoor. It also varies the indoor scene with the changing sunlight and shade.

 

由南向北看院子  摄影:陈颢
由客房看向咖啡图书室  摄影:王艺祺
咖啡图书室  摄影:陈颢

除了作为日常的工作室使用以外,藉由周末的公共活动、展览、艺术家驻地等,工作室与城市共享着院子里的空间。在分享与交流的过程中,院子的场所记忆不断积累。 

In terms of usage, it is much more than just a studio for daily work. By hosting weekend public events and exhibition and inviting artist over, we are sharing the courtyard space with the city. During this process, we learn to keep exclusive memories of the courtyard.

 

早午餐活动  摄影:赵丹

 

生活的实验场,人、物件和自然组成的城市

The lab of life & an organic city of people, objects and nature

 

我们选用胡同里常见的材料与简易的工法,使新的事物可以更轻松地融入原有的风景,让人可以自在地使用,创造新的意义。建筑的诞生或是城市的演变,背后有严谨的组织系统支撑。院子之于我们,除了工作场所,更像是实验场,可以用好奇的心态观察着每个物件、工具、植栽或胡同里的小动物。我们试着透过每一天的工作、交流、做饭、休息、走动,找到彼此合适的位置与方式。在这一大片屋顶之下,我们逐步建立起生活的节奏,并把它内化至作品甚至对话中。这些细微的练习与观察是建筑的一部分,也是描绘城市记忆的线索。

We have chosen some common materials and leveraged simple craftsmanship in Hutongs. In this way, we have tried to harmonize new things and the initial scene and to create some new meanings. The birth of architecture or the evolution of a city is backed by a well-defined infrastructure. Rather than just a workplace, this courtyard serves as a laboratory for us. We treat every object, tool, plant and little animal with curiosity while working, exchanging, cooking, resting and walking around. By doing this, we are discovering how to place and interact with them properly. We are gradually learning how to create our own approach under the roof, and interpret it in our works and even conversations. These nuanced practices and observations are part of the architecture, and also clues depicting the memory of a city.

 

院子  摄影:陈颢
平面图  ©即作建筑
剖面图  ©即作建筑
剖透视图  ©即作建筑
模型俯瞰  ©即作建筑
模型局部  ©即作建筑

 

完整项目信息

项目地点:北京市东城区

业主及设计方:即作建筑 MINOR lab

项目成员:刘晨、王艺祺、叶品晨

施工方:北京华特

建筑面积:115平方米

材料:镀锌钢板、不锈钢板、卡乐板、阳光板、多层板、欧松板

项目时间:2017年6月—2017年9月

摄影:陈颢、王艺祺

Location: Dongcheng District, Beijing

Client and designer: MINOR lab

Design team: Liu Chen, Wang Yi-Chi, Yeh Ping-Chen

Construction team: Beijing Hua Te

Floor area: 115㎡

Construction materials: galvanized steel, stainless steel, acrylic board, plywood, OSB, polycarbonate sheet, glass

Project period: 2017.6-2017.9

Photographer: Chen Hao, Wang Yi-Chi


版权声明:本文由即作建筑授权有方发布,禁止以有方编辑后版本转载。

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