大运河蚕桑学校旧址文化公园景观设计项目 / 苏州溯园六计建筑设计事务所+中建华夏国际设计+中建西北院

编辑：方嘉泓（实习） | 校对：李博超 | 2024.08.12 15:29

景观方案及施工图设计单位 苏州溯园六计建筑设计事务所有限公司、中建华夏国际设计有限公司、中国建筑西北设计研究院有限公司规划景观与建筑装饰工程设计研究院

建筑设计单位 苏州溯园六计建筑设计事务所有限公司

项目地点 江苏省苏州市高新区

建成时间 2023年9月

用地面积 32700平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

背景简介

Introduction to the General Background

大运河蚕桑学校旧址文化公园（西陵堂公园）位于苏州“运河十景”之一的浒墅关河畔，总面积约3.27公顷，是在具有百年校史的原苏州蚕桑专科学校校址之上，改造而成的城市文化公园。该项目的落成，在满足市民高品质环境需求的同时，也将唤醒蚕桑学校的时光记忆，成为大运河国家文化公园沿线中，场地文化复兴的典范。本公园共分两期，目前一期已施工完成并投入使用。

The Cultural Park of the Former Suzhou Sericulture College Site (Xiling Hall Park) is located along the riverbank of Xushuguan, one of the "Ten Scenic Spots of the Grand Canal" in Suzhou. Covering a total area of approximately 3.27 hectares, it has been transformed into an urban cultural park on the site of the original Suzhou Sericulture College, which has a century-old history. The completion of this project meets the high-quality environmental needs of the citizens while simultaneously reviving the time-honored memories of the Sericulture College. It becomes a model for cultural revitalization along the Suzhou section of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park. The project is divided into two phases, with Phase One already completed and opened to the public.

缝史于今：大运河畔的肌理重塑

Combination with history and present: Reshaping the texture along the Grand Canal

作为大运河文化的重要组成部分，蚕桑学校的历史，最早可以追溯到1903年，史量才创办的上海私立女子蚕业学堂。此后几经更名辗转，于抗日战争胜利后，学校迁回浒墅关原址复校，并于1995年并入苏州大学，留下该处旧址。

As an important part of the Grand Canal culture, the history of the Sericulture College can be traced back to 1903 when it was founded as a private female sericulture school in Shanghai by Shi Liangcai. After undergoing several name changes and relocation, the school returned to its original site in Xushuguan after the victory of War of Resistance Against Japan and merged into Suzhou University in 1995, leaving behind this former site.

在城市发展的演进中，蚕桑学校作为中国近代教育史的见证者逐渐被遗忘，凝滞于城市发展历程之中，随着大运河苏州段的逐步启动，蚕桑公园作为苏州运河历史文化及中国蚕桑教育发展的重要载体，迎来重生的契机。城市格局的不断更迭使得蚕桑学校的自身角色发生了转变：从教育场所到开放公共空间。

Amidst the evolution of urban development, the Sericulture College, as a witness to modern Chinese education history, gradually faded into oblivion, stagnating with the city's development . Now, with the gradual activation of the Suzhou section of the Grand Canal, the Sericulture Park, as an important carrier of Suzhou's canal history and the development of Chinese sericulture education, has come to rebirth. The continuous transformation of the urban landscape has led to a change in the role of the Sericulture College itself: from an educational institution to an open public space.

如何在延续场所记忆与城市文化基因的同时，适应新的城市公共生活职能，将旧的历史遗迹融入到新的城市肌理之中，使其在新时代背景下持续焕发活力，成为本次设计的重要课题。

It is one of the most important topics of the design project that how to preserve historical memory and urban cultural heritage while adapting to new public functions within the city, and integrate old historical relics into the new urban fabric with their vitality in the contemporary context.

通过翻阅校史资料，我们决定以1957年测绘图为基础，梳理具有校园文化特色与时代记忆的场所点位，复原校园布局肌理，以形成本次景观设计的基础构架。

By delving into the school's historical records, the 1957 survey map has been chosen as the basis for identifying key locations that embody the unique cultural characteristics and memories of the campus, and for recreating the campus layout, forming the foundational framework for the landscape design.

记忆回归：功能延续下的迭代与重生

The rejuvenation of memories: Iteration and rebirth of the functional extension

尘封的记忆应被唤醒，留存的场所亟待激活，设计基于校园的历史性和公园的当代性，将旧时校园记忆场景与现代公园功能需求进行对位重叠，利用低干预的针灸式改造将场地功能进行延续。

The dusty memory are to be awakened, and the retained sites are ready to be reloaded. Based on the diachronicity of the campus and the contemporaneity of the park, the design seeks to merge the memorial scenarios of the old campus with the contemporary functional needs of a park, using minimally intrusive pinpoint renovation to maintain the site's functionality.

校园大门、排球场、教学建筑、林荫道、莘园仍旧保留原有景观功能融入场地 ©中国建筑西北设计研究院有限公司

校园大门承载着几代学子对蚕校的深刻记忆，设计按照历史照片，将旧时校门进行1:1的比例复原，并以此塑造入口界面，实现对旧时校园生活的场景转化。

The campus gate embodies deep memories for generations of students at the Suzhou Sericulture College. Following the old photographs, the original styled campus gate has been faithfully restored in a 1:1 ratio, shaping the entrance interface to recreate the scenes of campus life from bygone days.

排球场作为旧时校园的主要活动广场，本次改造保留其场所痕迹，强化集会功能。校园道路的复原，使其成为东西干道的交汇空间，成为公园的中心广场。

As the main gathering space of the former campus, the volleyball court retains its historical trace in this renovation, emphasizing its assembly function. Through the restoration of campus pathways, it becomes the central square of the park, intersecting the east-west thoroughfare.

1918年，郑辟疆出任江苏省女子蚕业学校校长，将蚕校职业教育的功能推向了高峰。本次设计对其纪念雕塑进行复原，并迁至中心广场古香樟树下，面朝西大门，作为广场空间序列的基准点。

In 1918, Zheng Pijiang assumed the role of principal at the Jiangsu Women's Sericulture School (i.e., Suzhou Sericulture College), elevating the vocational education function of the sericulture college to its zenith. The design project aims to meticulously restore and relocate the commemorative sculpture of Zheng Pijiang beneath the ancient fragrant camphor tree at the central square, oriented towards the west gate, serving as the focal point for the square's spatial sequence.

广场北侧的催青楼又名绿叶楼，在1912年—1937年作为蚕室楼使用，是唯一保留的战前教学建筑。本次设计依据原楼照片，结合民国建筑风格进行修缮和亮化提升，作为公园室内展陈场所。

The Cuiqing Building, also known as the Luye Building and situated to the north of the square, served as a silkworm rearing facility from 1912 to 1937, representing the sole surviving pre-war educational building. Guided by the original building's photograph and in harmony with the architectural style of the Republic of China, the design project renovates and enhances it to function as an indoor exhibition space within the park.

1947年前后校友为蚕校出资捐建小礼堂，因纪念传说中发明了养蚕、抽丝、做衣裳而尊为“女神”的西陵氏而取名西陵堂。本次设计依据原址风貌进行了修整，作为公共报告厅继续使用。

Around 1947, school alumni contributed funds to erect a small auditorium for the sericulture school, naming it Xiling Hall in homage to the legendary figure Xiling Shi, credited with the invention of sericulture, silk reeling, and clothing making. The design project revitalizes the original site to maintain its role as a public lecture hall.

旧时的校园林荫道作为贯通公园南北的道路骨架被延续。

The tree-lined path of the old campus, serving as the backbone road connecting the park's north and south, is to be extended.

莘园是七六届校友捐建的一座具有苏式园林风格的小游园，本次设计对小游园进行了全面修葺，并对园内的一山、一池、一台、一亭、一廊、一径进行了重点提升，以重塑步移景异之妙，延续蚕校简朴淡雅、清爽幽静的园林氛围。

Shen Garden, a small Suzhou-style garden funded by the Year of 1976 graduates, has undergone a comprehensive facelift. The design focuses on enhancing the garden's mountain, pond, terrace, pavilion, corridor, and path to recapture the beauty of ever-changing scenery, perpetuating the simple and elegant, refreshing and tranquil garden ambiance of the sericulture school.

现代转译：文化赋能下的场所重塑

Modern transformation: Site refinement under the empowerment of culture

春蚕不死，化蝶新生。场地属性的转变，使部分旧址空间失去原有功能，设计通过对场地元素的现代转译，在运河文化与校园文化的双重赋能下，进行场所重塑，以满足公园的使用需求，接续场地记忆，创造新活力。

Much like the silkworm's cacoon-break , the shift of the site's attributes has rendered some of its former spaces devoid of their original functions. Through the modern reinterpretation of site elements and the dual empowerment of canal culture and campus culture, the design reshapes the site to meet the park's usage needs, perpetuating the site's memories and fostering new vitality.

我们通过对旧址的民国风格建筑、校园蚕桑工艺中的形态元素进行提取，转化为场地新的设计语言。

By extracting and transforming the formative elements of Republic of China-style buildings and the sericulture craft from the campus, the new design language of the project has formed.

旧址中的气象台、游泳池、体育馆已经损毁或不再满足公园使用需求，而场地北端作为新增入口也需被重新定义。设计针对这些区域进行了差异化的改造提升，与延续的旧址功能节点接驳，重构新旧并存、时空对话的蚕校文化体验。

The former site of Suzhou Sericulture College has seen significant deterioration in its meteorological observatory, swimming pool, and gymnasium, rendering them unsuitable for park usage. Additionally, the northern entrance area needs to be re-defined. To address these areas, a distinctive transformation plan has been devised to revitalize the park while maintaining continuity with the existing functional nodes, thus creating extensive interaction between the old and the new, and fostering a cultural experience that transcends time and space.

现状体育馆坍塌严重，设计结合旧照，在原址上对建筑进行复建，将其作为公园活动馆使用，原馆前篮球场保留场所记忆，作为活动广场继续使用。

Referencing historical photographs, the severely dilapidated gymnasium is reconstructed in its original location and repurposed as a venue for park activities. The former basketball court in front of the gymnasium is preserved to retain its historical significance and serves as an event plaza.

体育馆与西侧气象台相对，中间的旧时泳池亦破损荒废。设计将其改造为镜面水池，以使东侧体育馆、北侧西陵堂、西侧气象台等历史建筑均能掩映其中，以新的演绎手法与周边场地产生对话。

The gymnasium faces the meteorological observatory on the west, while the dilapidated former swimming pool lies in between. It is to be transformed into a mirror water pool, allowing the historical buildings such as the gymnasium on the east, Xiling Hall to the north, and the meteorological observatory to the west to be reflected within it. This expression approaches stronger interactions with the surrounding areas.

在与建筑轴线垂直的南北向，安放校园雕塑，密林映衬的“希望”女神雕像手捧白鸽，矗立水上，构建起水景的新秩序。围绕水景周边片植中华木绣球，唤起旧时看到绣球花开，便开始养蚕的校园记忆。

Running perpendicular to the architectural axis in the north-south direction, a series of campus sculptures are installed. The "Goddess of Hope" statue, holding a white dove, stands atop the water, establishing a new order of the water landscape. Surrounding the water feature, Chinese Snowball trees are planted, evoking memories of the campus when silkworm rearing began with the blooming of the Snowball flowers.

修缮后的气象台成为公园的制高点 ©中国建筑西北设计研究院有限公司，张锦影像工作室

南津桥为公园北部边界，桥下新设停车场。

The Nanjin Bridge forms the park's northern boundary, beneath which a new parking lot is established.

设计借由北入口界面的重塑，以入口空间的引导过渡进行校园历史的展示追溯，通过一条“希望之路”的雨水浮桥引导场地故事的展开。

Through the redesign of the northern entrance interface, the historical evolution of the campus is showcased, guiding visitors through a transition that unfolds the site's narrative along the "Road of Hope," marked by a rainwater floating bridge.

生态焕活：城市更新下的低影响开发

Ecological revitalization: Low-impact development in urban renewals

古往今来，大运河与校园绿地相互交织，场地生境伴随城市发展不断演进。为此，设计运用生态低干预手段，对旧址绿地进行更新与开发，在延续蓝绿空间的同时，提高公园的生态效能。

Throughout the ages, the Grand Canal and the campus green spaces have intertwined, becoming a crucial part of the Xushuguan urban blue-green system. As the site's habitat evolves alongside urban development, ecological low-intervention measures will be employed to renew and develop the former green space, enhancing the park's ecological efficiency while preserving its blue-green areas.

设计在对校园原生植物进行最大限度保留的基础上，新增大量乔木，保护旧址自然资源，维系其生物栖息地功能。针对苏州多雨的气候特点，改造后的公园植物层，也能够有效减少场地雨水径流，增强下渗，成为一块具有吸水功能的“城市海绵”。

The project aims to maximize the preservation of previous native trees on the campus and transform the park into a "sponge" that can absorb rainwater and reduce rainwater runoff while protecting natural resources.

浒墅关“上接瓜埠，中通大江，下汇吴会巨浸，以入于海”，自古是繁华多元的商旅重镇，设计以生态手法重构场所的多元性，将主要的景观活动空间转移到开阔草坪的自然基底之上，通过起伏地形增加趣味性的同时，将雨水汇集引导与散排，生态性的活动草坪成为欣赏运河的市民舞台。

During the transformation from a closed campus to an open park, the relationship between the canal and the park is redefined. Embracing its historical significance as a bustling trade town, the park removes boundary trees, opens up the canal's view with vast contiguous lawns, and accommodates diverse urban activities, echoing the city's free and open cultural character.

碳效营造：全生命周期下的碳汇设计

Carbon Efficiency Creation: Carbon sink design throughout the life cycle

作为大运河畔城市文化高地，在“提升生态系统碳汇”的路径下，以基地作为载体，在有限的空间中实现最快且最大效益碳汇。为此，设计结合大运河与蚕桑学校的现状基底，从项目设计阶段、施工阶段、运营阶段进行全生命周期的碳管理来实现碳减排效益，为实现场地自身“碳中和”提供有效途径，同时为生物多样性的保护、社区的可持续发展以及环境美学的提升做出贡献。

As the urban cultural highland by the Grand Canal, in the context of the strategy of "enhancing ecosystem carbon sink", the base is used as a carrier to achieve the fastest and most beneficial carbon sink in the limited space. To this end, based on the current situation of the Grand Canal and the Silkworm College, the design carries out carbon management in the whole life cycle from the project design stage, construction stage and operation stage to achieve carbon emission reduction benefits, providing an effective way to realize the "carbon neutrality" of the site itself, and contributing to the protection of biodiversity, sustainable development of the community and the improvement of environmental aesthetics.

再现场地肌理、改造记忆场所的设计策略，充分利用了场地原始生态基底与现状材料，将公园的建造动土程度、生产资料投入、综合运营成本降到最低，有效控制了碳源量，提升了场地景观碳汇能力。

The design strategy of reproducing the texture of the site and transforming the memory place makes full use of the original ecological base and current materials of the site, minimizes the degree of construction groundbreaking, input of production materials and comprehensive operation cost of the park, effectively controls the amount of carbon sources, and improves the carbon sink capacity of the site landscape.

对场地原始建造材料的再利用和工艺延续 ©中国建筑西北设计研究院有限公司有限公司，张锦影像工作室

我们通过保留场地现状乔木，新增乌桕林、香樟林、朴树林等本土植物和养护成本低的植被，有效减少了运营过程中的碳排放，提高植物单位面积的固碳效益。

The design principles of low-carbon and environmental protection are integrated throughout the process, maintaining the original site's texture, transforming historical landmarks, and expanding green spaces. By fully utilizing the original ecological foundation and construction area, the project minimizes construction impact, production input, and operation costs. It is achieved by refurbishing and reusing the original building materials and spaces, employing high-quality, low-cost construction techniques, preserving local plant species, and enhancing carbon sequestration per unit area.

经数据计算，本次项目在设计、建设、运营全生命周期的碳排放量为1501.5吨，预计85年后可实现项目自身的碳中和。

According to the data calculation, the carbon equivalent emissions of this project in the whole life cycle of design, construction and operation is 1501.5 tons, and it is expected that the project can make the project itself carbon neutral in 85 years.

这是一次从场地到场所的回归，从教育场所到市民舞台的生命接力。项目实施开园后，市民在此集会活动、休闲健身，甚至举行小型集市，在公园中漫步徜徉、追忆桑蚕往事、体味运河文化，公园俨然成为新故事的发生场所。

It is a transition from a site to a place, from an educational venue to a civic stage. Once opened, the park becomes a gathering place for citizens to engage in activities, leisure, fitness, and even small markets. It serves as a setting for new narratives, allowing people to stroll, reminisce the sericulture school, and experience the canal culture.

大运河蚕桑学校旧址文化公园以“溯源如故，焕活新生”为目标，以功能延续、场所重塑、生态焕活为设计策略，实现了对蚕桑校园场所记忆的转译与再构，编织出大运河畔生态健康、新旧交融的生活时空。她回应了城市更新下的环境诉求，在保留蚕桑校园记忆的同时，引领城市文化复兴和环境发展可持续，已成为大运河苏州段的文化新名片。

The Suzhou Sericulture College's Cultural Park embodies the goal of "tracing back and rejuvenation", implementing design strategies based on functional continuation, site reshaping, and ecological revitalization. It translates and reconstructs the memories of the former sericulture campus, weaving an ecological and harmonious living space along the Grand Canal. The park preserves the memories of the sericulture campus while leading the revival of urban culture, having become a new cultural landmark for the Suzhou section of the Grand Canal.