Cobe新作，丹麦歌剧院公园落成开放

设计单位  Cobe

项目地点  丹麦哥本哈根

建成时间  2023年

用地面积  21,500平方米

丹麦建筑工作室Cobe宣布哥本哈根歌剧院公园（the Opera Park）竣工。哥本哈根内港区域正在逐渐变得越来越稠密和混合用途，这造就了一个热闹非凡的首都。然而，随着密度和活动的增加，居民和游客越来越多，绿色休闲空间却越来越少。歌剧院公园是哥本哈根港口的一个公共公园，其设计目的是在密集的市中心为人们提供休闲、放松和沉思的场所。公园内的树木、灌木丛、植物和花卉种类繁多，堪称一片绿肺。

Danish architecture studio Cobe announces the completion of The Opera Park in Copenhagen. The mixed-use densification of Copenhagen's inner harbor has resulted in a lively and buzzing capital city. However, as increasing density and activity result in more residents and more visitors, green recreational spaces have become more and more scarce. The Opera Park is a public park on the Copenhagen harbor front designed for recreation, relaxation and contemplation in the middle of the dense city center. A green lung offering a diverse variation of trees, bushes, plants and flowers.

2019年设计竞赛之后，A.P. Møller基金会任命丹麦建筑工作室Cobe，在哥本哈根内港的一个岛屿上设计一座新公园。

In 2019, following a design competition, The A.P. Møller Foundation appointed the Danish architecture studio Cobe to design a new park at a former industrial island in Copenhagen's inner harbor.

该岛原本是工业用途，毗邻丹麦皇家歌剧院，自近20年前歌剧院落成以来，这里一直是一块不大的绿色草坪。如今，这个原本是开发新住宅的黄金地段的小岛已焕然一新，容纳了多样化的自然景观。这座新的临港公园被命名为“歌剧院公园”，为原本建筑密集的哥本哈根内港增添了一道绿色风景线。

Located next to The Royal Danish Opera, the site had been a modest green lawn since the completion of the Opera nearly 20 years ago. Utterly transformed today, the island which was otherwise prime for the development of new housing, is now home to a diverse and natural landscape. Named The Opera Park, this new public harbor-front park creates a green counterpoint to the otherwise densely built inner harbor of Copenhagen.

歌剧院公园的设计灵感来自哥本哈根的历史花园，园内有蜿蜒曲折的小径和精心打造的观景台，由6个世界各地主题花园、1个咖啡馆和温室、可容纳300辆汽车的地下停车场以及1座有顶人行桥组成，人行桥将这座公园和旁边的丹麦皇家歌剧院连接起来。

Organized with inspiration from the European capital's historical gardens with winding paths and carefully crafted viewpoints, The Opera Park consists of six gardens from various parts of the world, a café and greenhouse, underground parking garage for up to 300 cars as well as a covered pedestrian bridge connecting the park with the neighboring Royal Danish Opera.

Cobe创始人，建筑师Dan Stubbergaard说：“在哥本哈根熙熙攘攘的城市发展中，歌剧院公园是一个自然至上的地方。设计利用历史上浪漫花园的元素，来应对生物多样性下降和水资源管理等当代挑战。公园专为休闲、放松和沉思而设计，为城市提供了一片亟需的绿洲。当你漫步公园时，你会有一种离开城市、沉浸在大自然中的感觉，几乎忘记了自己身处密集的市中心。”

Dan Stubbergaard, Founder of Cobe and Professor at Harvard University, explains: “The Opera Park is a place where nature comes first amidst Copenhagen's bustling urban development. With its six gardens, winding paths and carefully crafted viewpoints, the project seizes elements of Copenhagen's historical, romantic gardens to tackle today's challenges such as decline in biodiversity and water management. Designed for recreation, relaxation and contemplation, the park provides the city with a much-needed green oasis. As you stroll through the park, you get the feeling of having left the city and being immersed in nature, almost forgetting you are in the middle of the dense city center.”

该公园有三个足球场那么大，是坐落于市中心的绿洲，由六个以世界各地为主题的花园组成：北美森林、丹麦橡树林、北欧森林、东方花园、英国花园以及玻璃温室内部的亚热带花园。

With the size of three soccer fields, the park is green oasis in the city center, consisting of six gardens from various parts of the world: the North American Forest, the Danish Oak Forest, the Nordic Forest, the Oriental Garden, the English Garden, and the Subtropical Garden housed within the greenhouse.

这些花园各具特色，如喷泉、睡莲池和倒影池。流水以舒缓的节奏轻轻敲击着倒影池的水面。蜿蜒曲折的小径和有机形态的花坛，将公园的各种元素融为一体。

The diverse gardens hold surprises such as a fountain, a water lily pond, and a reflecting pool where drops of water from a mast gently strike the water's surface in a soothing rhythm. Meandering paths and organically shaped flowerbeds knit together the park's elements.

公园就像一个歌剧舞台，分为前景、中景和背景。设计利用花草树木的自然高度，创造了面向港口的风景。

Like an opera stage, the park is a composed landscape with a foreground, a middle ground and a background. The plants and trees are placed, so their natural heights create the scenic setting facing the harbor.

公园的设计，旨在使其成为一年四季都能吸引游客的公共景点，园内种植了不少于628棵乔木、8万株多年生草本植物和灌木，以及来自世界各地的4万株球茎植物。植物总计223种，独特的外来和本地物种兼有，为游客营造出一个生机勃勃、变化万千的背景环境。

Designed to be an inviting, year-round public attraction, the park features no less than 628 trees, 80,000 herbaceous perennials and bushes and 40,000 bulb plants from all around the world. In total, 223 unique exotic and local species provide a vibrant and ever-changing backdrop for visitors.

植被的外观、气味、颜色和密度随季节而变化。春天百花盛开，色彩斑斓；夏天绿意盎然；秋天红黄相间；冬天松树常青，池塘冰封。植物种类繁多，大小各异，为鸟类和昆虫提供了丰富的食物和栖息环境。

The vegetation's appearance, scent, color, and density vary with the seasons. Spring blooms in a rich color palette, summer brings various shades of green, autumn showcases red and yellow tones, and winter is dominated by evergreen pine trees and frozen ponds. The wide variety of plant species and diversity of sizes provides a rich environment for birds and insects to find food and shelter.

公园的中心是一个带咖啡厅的玻璃温室，可通往公园地面之下的停车场。温室和咖啡馆的存在，能让公园全年都是一个充满活力的旅游景点，即使在冬季，哥本哈根的许多公园荒凉萧条之时也是如此。

The park features a central greenhouse with a café, giving access to car parking underneath the park's surface. The greenhouse and café will ensure that The Opera Park remains a vibrant destination year-round, even during winter when many of Copenhagen's parks are desolate.

温室设计为有机形状的玻璃结构，屋顶悬浮，旨在让游客在郁郁葱葱的景观中游览时感到惊喜和愉悦。在室内，温室平台一直延伸到停车场层，同时，亚热带生物群落也一直向下延伸，竖向将公园与地下各层交织在一起。

The greenhouse is designed as an organically shaped glass structure with a hovering roof, intended to surprise and delight visitors as they navigate the lush landscape. Inside, the greenhouse terraces down to the parking levels, which accommodate up to 300 cars, while its subtropic biotope also descends to vertically weave together the park with the underground levels.

公园还通过景观桥上的有顶人行桥与邻近的丹麦皇家歌剧院相连，这样以来，停车设施与歌剧院之间的联系便不受天气影响。与温室的建筑风格相呼应，人行桥使用了弧形玻璃和悬浮屋顶，其蜿蜒的路径也和景观设计相呼应，景观和建筑完全融为一体。

The park also features a covered connection to the adjacent Royal Danish Opera via a covered walkway atop a landscaped bridge, allowing a weather protected link between the parking facility and the Opera. Echoing the architecture of the greenhouse, the walkway's curved glass and a floating roof evokes the landscape design in its meandering path - fully integrating landscape and architecture into one.

公园将雨水视为宝贵资源，将其从丹麦皇家歌剧院的屋顶引入地下蓄水池，用于灌溉温室中的植物。多余的雨水被收集到雨水槽中，随后自然渗透和蒸发。景观桥和温室的绿色屋顶种有植物，可以收集雨水并延迟雨水的排放，同时也作为公园动物的食物来源。

Rainwater is considered a valuable resource for the park, channeled from the roof of the Royal Danish Opera into underground water reservoirs used for greenhouse irrigation. Excess rainwater is collected in rain beds for infiltration and evaporation. The green roofs of the landscaped bridge and greenhouse capture and delay the release rainwater to the site while also serving as a food source for the park's fauna.

大量的树木植被遮挡了来自港口和海面的强风，削减了湍流，提高了公园使用者的舒适度。此外，抬升的地形还能在暴雨和港口水位大幅上涨时，保护岛屿免受洪水侵袭。

The abundance of trees and plantings shield against strong winds coming from the harbor and the sea, reducing turbulence and increasing the level of comfort for park users. Furthermore, the elevated terrain safeguards the island from flooding during heavy rainfall and significant rises in the harbor water level.

歌剧院公园由A.P. Møller基金会捐赠给哥本哈根作为公共休闲场所，2023年9月27日起向公众开放，全年都可免费游览，开放时间为每天上午7点至晚上11点。

The Opera Park opened to the public on September 27, 2023 and can be accessed for free. The park is open daily from 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM all year round and was donated by the A.P. Møller Foundation as a public recreational space in Copenhagen.

完整项目信息

Location: Copenhagen, Denmark

Client: The Opera Park Foundation. Donation by The A.P. Moller Foundation

Program: Public park including greenhouse with café, a covered pedestrian bridge, and underground parking facility for up to 300 cars

Size: 21,500 m²

Year: First prize in competition 2019, completed 2023

Collaborators: Vita, Via Trafik, DBI and Lüchninger Meyer Hermansen, Hansson og Knudsen, Bauer, Redtz Glas og Façade, HSM Industri, GK Danmark, Bravida Danmark, Høyrup & Clemmesen, KONE, Phønix Tag, Jakon, Areo, Terrazzo.dk, Raadvad Maleren, Snedkerierne, OKNygaard, Palmproject Europe, Scanview Systems, Zurface, Retail Reflexions, Vector Foiltech

Team: Alberte Danvig, Alena Veselova, Alexander Ejsing, Andreas Kloster, Ariel Norback Wallner, Andreas Benn, Bastian Weinreich Ben Goss, Bertram Stubbergaard Mørk, Caroline Krogh Andersen, Carsten Udbye, Casper Borg, Christian Kuczynski, Christian Sander, Claes Nilsson, Clement Bue Maali, Connor Forecast, Dan Stubbergaard, Daniel Braat Carlsen, Emanuele Biscaro, Frederik Lykkeberg Larsen, Iselin Bjørnevik, Jacob Lantow, Julian Bokej, Kasper Bak Mikkelsen, Katarzyna Starczewska, Lauren Catterson, Liv Moodie, Mads Herskind Møller, Maiken Høj, Maj Wiwe, Margarita Nutfulina, Marlena Lipnicka, Matilda Andersson, Max Neumeister, Mikkel Reedtz Morris, Morten Engel, Nikola Antonijevic, Rasmus Lassen, Roberto Barbosa, Rosa Bui, Sanna Funck, Stefan Mylleager, Stine Bærentzen, Thea Gasseholm, Thomas Krarup, Thomas Hobbs, Yuhui Yang

Photographer: Francisco Tirado

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