被光线与空间拥抱：日本“T之家”独栋住宅 / Katsutoshi Sasaki + Associates

编译：袁蓓祺 | 校对：袁蓓祺 | 2023.08.15 15:26

设计单位 Katsutoshi Sasaki + Associates

项目地点 日本爱知县丰田市

建成时间 2017年

用地面积 184平方米

本文英文原文由设计单位提供，由有方翻译。

住宅建筑中，各个房间因功能而定的“名称”和体积带来的“感觉”都影响着整体。这某种程度上是合乎理性的，但也使得空间和生活之间的关系变得僵化和不方便。而我想创造一个地方，使得被环抱的感觉和尺度宽度带来的松弛可以共存。

Both the name of the room (function) and the cenesthesia (volume) affect residential architectures. Some are rational but leave the space and living in the rigid and inconvenient relationship. I would like to create the place where the sense of embracement and the laid-back breadth provided by the scale can coexist.

在这个项目中，我分解了构成三维形状的“长、宽、高”，并根据人的身体尺度设计房间的“宽度”，给人以拥抱般的舒适感，而对于“长”和“高”，我则是从景观的角度，结合街景和场地设计。

For this plan, I decomposed the length, breadth and height that make up three-dimensional shapes, and designed the "width" of the room from the human perspective to give the embracing comfort, and the "length and height" from the landscape perspective in light of the streetscape and the premise.

在对房屋中的生活进行多次模拟后，我将1.55米作为房间宽度的最小公分母和有效尺寸。“T”形的木结构将房屋划分成两个宽1.55米、深13.5米、高8米的立方体空间，它们彼此相邻并以柱、梁连接在一起。小宽度在带来亲密感的同时，使得居住者即使实际上身处不同的房间，也能有互相共享着空间的感觉。空间的尺度时而扩大，时而缩小，仿佛无止境地变化着，顺应着人们的移动和他们对距离的感知。在这个具有重复秩序的结构中，人、光和风却能不受限制地运动，这使得建筑兼具丰富与理性。

I used 1.55m as the smallest common denominator and the effective dimension for the width of rooms after the numerous simulation of housing lives. Two cubic capacities of 1.55m in width, 13.5m in depth and 8m in height sit next to each other over the T-shaped structure with the joint pillar/beam. Simultaneously feeling the close proximity the small width gives and the sense of sharing the same space even when the dwellers actually are in separate rooms. The scale of the place indefinitely expanding and contracting to accommodate the movement of people and their feeling of distance. The richness brought in the rationality by the unrestricted movement of people, light and wind inside the reiterating structure.

新的尺度也带来了新的自由，这可以从两方面来解读。楼上的房间沿楼梯呈螺旋状布置，每个房间都互相略微错位。由于房间很窄，地板不需要梁，而仅需由50毫米的板支撑，上下两层通过楼板轻松地连接。对于柱子间距，我采用了日本标准的910毫米模块，同时在结构上还应用了宽55毫米、深700毫米的新尺寸，旨在于传统的尺度体系中创造新的生活体验。

The new scale has brought about the new freedom that can be taken two ways. The rooms on the upper floor are laid out in a spiral manner along the staircase, each at slightly shifted positions. As the rooms are narrow, the floor does not need the beam and is supported by 50mm boards. And the upper and lower floors are loosely connected by that. While I used the Japanese standard of 910mm module when spacing the pillars, I also used the new scale of 55mm in width and 700mm in depth for the structure to create the new living experience in the traditional dimensional system.

在一天中的大部分时候，漫反射的自然光从房屋顶部的缝隙透进来，以一种拥抱的姿态塑造出柔和的氛围；而在早晨或傍晚，斜向的阳光直接照射进来，强势地点亮整个内部空间。从这个角度而言，“T”形主体结构所支撑着的是“自然光和尺度创造的风景”。

The natural light coming in from the gap at the top of the structure reflects several times to embrace the inside with the soft ambience on some occasions, and the morning or evening sun shine in sharply on other occasions. The main structure supports the "scenery created by the natural light and the scale".

不同时段室内的光影变化 ©Katsutoshi Sasaki + Associates

阳光透过缝隙进入室内 ©Katsutoshi Sasaki + Associates

此外，故意限制宽度的操作，在起居空间和办公空间之间创造了舒适的留白。建筑设计的尺度可以很容易地引发人们在房屋周围活动，使得日常生活工作与城市环境氛围联系起来，为后者增添了日常喧嚣的魅力。在这里，住宅建筑的用途得到了扩展——它可作为画廊、市场甚至海外实习生的住宿空间。我的意图是让一个私人住宅超越其原有的目的，与世界相连。

Additionally, the deliberately limited width of the architecture gives the comfortable margin between the living section and the office. The design at the scale that can easily induce activities around the house allows the everyday life and work, as the daily bustle, to connect to the atmosphere of the city. Here, the use of the residential architecture is expanded - a gallery, market and private lodging for interns from overseas. My intention is to make a private residence connected to the world beyond its original purposes.