西班牙54套公共补贴住房 / Joan J Fortuny+Alventosa Morell Arquitectes

编译：袁蓓祺 | 校对：袁蓓祺 | 2023.02.22 16:27

设计单位 Joan Josep Fortuny Giró, Alventosa Morell Arquitectes

项目地点 西班牙巴利阿里群岛

建成时间 2022年

建筑面积 6,380.5平方米（地上4,633.60平方米；地下1,746.90平方米）

本文文字由设计单位提供。

项目场地呈矩形，面积约为3266平方米，由西班牙巴利阿里社会住房协会（IBAVI）所有。本次设计方案关注两个基本问题：一是如何将建筑与城市、与周边环境恰当地融合，二是在功能层面上为项目提出周到实用的综合性解决方案。

The plot owned by IBAVI has a rectangular shape with an approximate area of 3,266 m2. The proposed proposal attends to two fundamental aspects, the correct insertion of the building in the urban and physical environment as well as a solution that is a synthesis of the functional aspects of the program.

根据业主IBAVI提出的需求，项目应包括停车场和54套住房，每18套一层楼，且停车空间依据市政法规将置于地下。在内部空间中，建筑将为居住者们提供一个共享的社会交往空间。

The program proposed by the Balearic Housing Institute (IBAVI) consists of Parking in response to municipal regulations that is located underground and the 54 housing are located distributed by 18 flats by floor on the ground floor and two floors. In the interior space there is a common relationship space for users.

建筑的布局由南北方向的轴线主导，其决定了两个独立体量的位置，在它们之间创造了一个公共空间。

The building is organized by a north-south axis that gives rise to the location of two independent volumes, creating a public space between them.

由于场地凹凸不平、存在明显的高差，我们将建筑置于较高的位置，创造了一条无障碍通道，并将Raiguer大道与Emmet Abrahim街（场地的最高点所在）交汇处的海拔高度，定义为本项目的起始标高。

As a consequence of the strong unevenness of the land, the building has been settled on the upper level, creating an accessible route, thus we define the level +0.0 at the confluence of Raiguer Avenue with Emmet Abrahim street (highest point of the site). as the starting level of the set.

分析图-周边关系 ©Joan J Fortuny+Alventosa Morell Arquitectes

住房模块围绕着中央的湿地庭院布置，庭院向两个方向延伸。根据楼层高度不同，住宅中白天活动区和夜晚睡眠区的位置都有所调整，以便获得最佳的光照、风向、隐私和视野，也由此在每层产生不同的户型。这些住房都配有户外空间——底层有私人花园，上部楼层则拥有露台。

The housing module is organized around a central wet core that defines two areas with a double orientation. The location of the day and night areas are changing by in height attending at the best sun orientation, winds, intimacy and views, generating different types of housing per floor. The houses have outdoor spaces: a private garden on the ground floor, and terraces on the successive floors

设计分析图 ©Joan J Fortuny+Alventosa Morell Arquitectes

结构上，建筑使用了大跨度的混凝土纤维板和粗35厘米的金属柱构成的系统。地下室采用了混凝土挡土墙。此外，由于该地区的土壤为膨胀性粘土，设计团队采用了深地基系统来应对土质问题。

The structural solution of the building is using a system of reticular concrete slabs with large spans 35 cm thick and metal pillars. The underground is solved by means of concrete retaining walls, and the foundation by means of a system of deep foundations due to the expansive clays of the Zone.

轴测分析图 ©Joan J Fortuny+Alventosa Morell Arquitectes

建筑外立面由本地生产的双层陶瓷板制成，其空腔中填充了回收利用的再生棉作为保温层。而外部绝缘层使用的是喷涂处理的软木和粗石灰，其外再施加一层具有天然色彩的细石灰。立面开口处的铝制窗框留有空隙以防止受热变形，而遮阳系统由经可持续认证的落叶松木材制成。

The façade layers are resolved by means of a double local ceramic sheet with recycled cotton insulation in the chamber and externally the envelope is resolved with external insulation using sprayed cork and coarse lime, on top of which is a layer of fine lime with natural pigments. The exterior carpentry is made of aluminium with a thermal break and the solar protections are made of Larch wood, certified from sustainable extraction.

底层的社区公共空间采用了混凝土路面，并且通过精确的水循环规划，使雨水能够透过砾石铺装自然地渗入深层土壤。几株紫薇花一方面提供遮荫，另一方面也吸收、蒸腾水分，参与到循环中来。

The community spaces on the ground floor have strictly solved the circulations with a concrete floor and the entirety of the space by means of some draining gravel pavements that allow the natural permeability of the ground to rain water, allowing natural flow to the subsoil. Some “Jacarandas” will protect from the sun and accompany the circulation through this community space.

建筑是平屋顶形式，并且将保温层与防水层倒置，铺设了一层回收的砾石。屋顶设有太阳能光伏板、空气热回收设备以及通风管道系统。

The Roofs are flat and are solved by means of an inverted insulation and waterproofing system and recycled gravel. Above these are the photovoltaic panels, aerothermal and recovery equipment, and ventilation ducts.

室内地面为当地生产的陶瓷粘土砖，其由生物质燃料制成。此外，我们特地缩减了浴室区域设施面积，即使那已经是全屋唯一一处有天花吊顶的地方。

The interior pavements are ceramic local clay “cocked” with biomass. We have reduced the areal facilities on the bathroom areas there is the only ceiling.

建筑中的“NUOS”气动热技术使得空调系统能以非常低的耗能达到良好的表现。通风则通过社区共用的气动热系统，以热量回收装置来调节。

The ACS is produced thanks to a "NUOS" Aerothermal system with very low consumption and great performance. The ventilation of the houses is solved by means of heat recuperators that temper the air thanks to community Aerothermal systems.