雪乡木屋：鱼沼住宅 / 堤由匡建筑设计工作室

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2022.12.02 09:16

建筑设计 堤由匡建筑设计工作室

项目地点 日本新潟县鱼沼市

竣工时间 2022年3月

项目面积 266.99平方米

被誉为越光米产地的鱼沼地区，也是世界上降雪量最大的地区之一，最大雪深可达2.7米。在这个雪资源丰富的地区，气候直接影响了当地的建筑设计——雪松外墙、圆顶形车库和陡峭的山墙屋面。在这片地域特色鲜明的土地上，设计的问题就变成了“如何将本土元素积极地转译，而不是仅仅以模仿的方式提供情绪价值”（肯尼斯·弗兰普顿）。

Maximum snow depth is 2.7m. The Uonuma region, known as the production area of Koshihikari rice, is also one of the world's heaviest snowfall areas. Cedar exterior walls, dome-shaped garage, steep gable roof. In this heavy snowfall area, the climate has nurtured design. In this area with its characteristic indigenousness, the question becomes, “How to design indigenous elements that are actively reinterpreted rather than mimicked sentimentally” (Kenneth Frampton).

业主的要求之一是多层，而与当地的山墙屋面相比，这是一种“反本土”的设计。若对常规山墙的含义进行重新诠释，就意味着与陡坡的结合。如果屋顶中间有弯道或沟槽，堆积的雪就会造成房屋损坏。

One of the requests from the client was a multi-layered and complicated house, which was an anti-indigenous request compared to the local gable roof. Reinterpreting the meaning of the frequent use of conventional gables, it means combining single-pitched roofs. If there are bends or troughs in the middle of the roof, snow will accumulate there and cause damage to the house.

因此，我们通过在各个方向叠加分段的小型单坡屋面，形成一种轻盈且富有节奏的形状。积雪被铺设在屋顶上的融雪管道中的水合理冲走，错落有致的层叠屋顶带来一种雪国独有的轻盈感。

Therefore, we thought of a light and rhythmic shape by superimposing the segmented single-pitched roofs in various directions. The accumulated snow is rationally washed away by the water from the pipes that are stretched over the roof, and the complexly layered roof gives a lightness that is not typical of a snowy country.

二层的外墙垂直铺贴当地雪松板，一层则使用通用镀锌钢板。在部分使用本土风格屋顶和雪松外墙的同时，设计师通过采用现代的屋顶组合和材料，创造出建筑的张力感。楼内以实墙为基，柱梁外露，复杂的屋顶结构清晰可见。

The exterior wall of the second floor is vertically laid with local cedar boards, and that of the first floor is general-purpose Galvalume. While partly using indigenous roofs and cedar walls, on the other hand, by adopting modern roof combinations and materials, an architecture with a sense of tension is created. The pillars and beams are exposed inside the room, and the complicated roof structure can be seen.

一楼规划了三代人共享的起居室、共设14张榻榻米的日式房间、祖父母的卧室、卫生间、浴室。除主入口外，建筑中还有一个次入口，服务于喜爱越野跑的业主。次入口消除了与泥地地板的水平高差，以保证无障碍设计。

On the first floor, a Living, Dining Kitchen is shared for three generations, two Japanese-style rooms, a bedroom for the grandparents, a toilet, and a bathroom are planned. In addition to the main entrance, there is a sub-entrance for clients who enjoy trail running. This sub-entrance eliminates the difference in level with the dirt floor, keeping in mind the future barrier-free design.

北侧的厨房有一个大开口，可以随时感受到稻田和周围的群山，而从南侧起居室到日式房间的长廊，则是业主与访客们互动的空间。

The kitchen on the north side has a large opening so that you can always feel the rice fields and the surrounding mountains, and along the living room and Japanese-style room on the south side, a long porch is provided to serve as a space for interacting with guests.

在二楼，我们规划了分厨房和客厅、儿童卧室、父母卧室、工作区、卫生间和淋浴间。与一楼相同，厨房可享有北侧的全景。工作区内设有书桌和书架，是个可以一边工作一边从横长的观景窗中欣赏风景的空间。

On the second floor, we planned a second kitchen and living room, children's bedrooms, parents' bedrooms, workspaces, toilets, and shower booths. As with the first floor, the kitchen offers a panoramic view of the north side. In the workspace, the desk and bookshelf are custom-made, and the landscape can be seen from the horizontally long picture window while working.

从窗外布置的美丽风景中，可以感受到大自然的四季变化。此外，现代住宅中经常被摒弃的设计元素，比如农舍谷仓、日式房间、门廊和佛坛，在这座住宅中也得到了重新利用。在被大雪掩埋的季节，层层叠叠的屋顶会成为景观的一部分，这所房子将是一座体现与社区亲密和开放的建筑。

From the windows arranged to cut out the beautiful scenery, you can feel the seasonal changes in nature. In addition, elements that are often discarded in modern houses, such as a farmhouse barn, a Japanese-style room, a porch, and a Buddhist altar, are actively used. In the season when it is buried in heavy snow, the lightly layered roofs will become part of the landscape. This house will be an architecture that embodies intimacy and openness with the regional community.