活动分享 | 建筑作为中非合作/对话的媒介

建筑作为中非合作/对话的媒介

以“建筑”为使命，探索非洲未来实验室

Exploring the laboratory of the future;

Towards a Chinese African dialogue by architecture

——奥雷.伯曼（Ole Bouman）

威尼斯建筑双年展几乎是全球最重要的新建筑理念平台之一。2023年，双年展将由建筑学者、教育家和畅销小说家莱斯利·洛克（Lesley Lokko）为总策展人。她是非洲未来研究所的创始人和主任，该研究所于2020年在加纳的阿克拉成立，是一所建筑学研究院和公共活动平台。她也是有史以来第一位策展双年展的非洲人，洛克说道：“非洲是个未来实验室，是世界上最年轻的大洲，平均年龄是欧洲和美国的一半，比亚洲年轻十年。非洲也是世界上城市化速度最快的大洲，每年以近4%的速度增长。这种快速和无计划的增长，通常是以牺牲当地环境和生态系统为代价的，这使我们在区域和全球层面上都处于气候变化的核心位置。”

The Venice Architecture Biennale is perhaps globally the most important platform for new ideas in architecture. In 2023, the Biennale will be curated by Lesley Lokko, architectural academic, educator and novelist. She is the founder and director of the African Futures Institute, established in Accra, Ghana, in 2020 as a postgraduate school of architecture and public events platform. She is the first ever African to curate the Biennale. She writes: "Africa is the laboratory of the future. We are the world's youngest continent, with an average age half that of Europe and the United States, and a decade younger than Asia. We are the world's fastest urbanizing continent, growing at a rate of almost 4% per year. This rapid and largely unplanned growth is generally at the expense of local environment and ecosystems, which put us at the coal face of climate change at both a regional and planetary level."

聚焦建筑领域，洛克则表示：“现代、多元、包容性社会的愿景是令人神往和信服的，但只要它仍只是一幅图像，那便是虚无缥缈的海市蜃楼。我们需要的不仅仅是图像，而建筑师一直是在历史上将图像转化为现实的关键角色。”

Focusing on architecture as the domain of hope, she says: "The vision of a modern, diverse, and inclusive society is seductive and persuasive, but as long as it remains an image, it is a mirage. Something more than representation is needed, and architects historically are key players in translating images into reality. "

显然，洛克希望将建筑与真正的发展联系起来，与大多数而不是少数人连结；即不是将建筑作为一种艺术来展现；也不是将建筑定位为规则的例外，而是将建筑作为发展的动力，作为社会变革的综合动机。2023年威尼斯建筑双年展会试图将建筑带到这个大范围转型的层面，将建筑呈现为质量规则的制定者，而不是停留在1%或10%的专属领域。在一个气候紧急的时代和一个不断加深的全球鸿沟中，把建筑作为一个社会和政治创新的事件，而不是艺术姿态，是该学科的紧迫使命。我们需要把美和目标重新结合起来，让非洲成为它的舞台。

Clearly, Lokko connects architecture with real development, relevant for the many, not the few. Not the development of architecture as an art. Not the positioning of architecture as an exception to the rule. But architecture as a driver for development and as a comprehensive motive of social change. This coming Biennale may try to bring architecture to this level of big scale transformations, to present architecture as setting the rules of quality, rather than remaining an exclusive domain for the 1 or 10%. It features architecture as a matter of social and political innovation, rather than of artistic gestures. It is an urgent vocation for the discipline in an age of climate emergency, and a deepening global divide. We need to bring beauty and purpose together again. And let Africa be its stage!

中国的角色是什么？

Is there a role for China?

在过去的60年里，中国在非洲的建设发展中发挥了重要作用。开始于南南合作的援建项目，然后扩展到市场驱动下参与重大建设和工程项目，如基础设施、住房、海事设施和许多其他项目，到如今已经发展成为非洲大陆层面的全面外交、经济和政治框架。《2035年中非合作愿景》中强调了这一点，在未来三年九个主要领域的倡议，以加强中国对非洲大陆发展的支持。这些工程是：医疗保健、农业减贫、贸易促进、投资政策、数字创新、绿色发展、能力建设、文化交流、和平与安全。（FOCAC，2021年11月，http://www.focac.org.cn/eng/）

Over the last 60 years, China has developed an important role in Africa. What once began as "South-South Cooperation"，then extended to often market driven participations in major construction and engineering projects, such as infrastructure, housing, maritime facilities, and numerous others, has now grown into a comprehensive diplomatic, economic, political framework on continental level, recently being highlighted by the Forum on China African Cooperation (FOCAC, November 2021, http://www.focac.org.cn/eng/). For the next three years, As the <China-Africa Cooperation Vision 2035> pictured, it announced 9 major sectoral initiatives to intensify the Chinese support of the African continental development. These sectors are: healthcare, poverty reduction by agriculture, trade promotion, investment-policies, digital innovation, green development, capacity-building, cultural exchange, peace & security.

这些倡议中几乎每一个都有建筑方面的含义。大部分项目都是关于建筑和工程的，我们可以在建设和施工中思考如何提供更高质量。所有具有直接物质影响的项目都可以从建筑的角度和质量标准进行评估和重新考虑。

Of course, these sectoral initiatives belong to the world of policy making, and their implementation as a job for engineers, technical experts and other specialists. However, if there is one common denominator, it could be called architecture. Almost each of these initiatives literally has an architectural implication. As much they are about building and construction, it could be built and constructed with high quality in mind. All projects with an immediate material and spatial effect, may be assessed and reconsidered from an architectural angle and quality standard.

然而现实情况并不乐观，目前中国建筑师在非洲的作用还很薄弱。很少有中国建筑师参与其中，更不用说担任领导角色了。其实我们可以，也应该发挥更大的作用。以我们所拥有的技能来传递品质，建筑师是鼓舞人心的开放社会的守护者。但是，即使开放文化的建设是中国参与非洲发展的一个明确目标，这些守护者也被排除在外。

However, this seldom is the case. Currently the role of Chinese architecture in Africa is weak. Rarely, Chinese architects are involved, let alone being in leadership roles. But it could, and perhaps should be much stronger. Architects, with all their skills to articulate qualities, are guardians of an inspiring civic society. But even if the construction of a civic culture is an explicit aim of the Chinese involvement in Africa's development, these guardians are left out of the equation.

因此，现在是时候了：

Therefore, it's high time:

1. 分析这9个提议在建筑方面的优点和潜力。

To analyze the 9 initiatives on their architectural merits and potentials

2. 提出建筑作为中非合作的媒介，去探索建筑的范畴，并提出在非洲发展中的质量标准。

To propose architecture directly as a medium of China-Africa Cooperation, to explore the margins of architecture to propose its own standard of quality in the African development.

让我们把建筑的能量带到重要的舞台上，让建筑展现其巨大的能量，成为非洲进步的一部分。

Let's bring the power of architecture to the stage that counts, and let architecture show its great strengths to be part of Africa's progress.

欢迎在本文下方留言，或发送电子邮件至info@olebouman.com，与我们分享你的想法和建议。

Comments, ideas and suggestions are warmly welcome. Please join the conversation by sharing your thoughts at the bottom of this article, or by using email info@olebouman.com.

关于奥雷· 伯曼（Ole Bouman）

伯曼自2015年出任深圳创新文化聚合力平台设计互联馆长，由设计互联运营的海上世界文化艺术中心已于2017年12月开幕，被纽约《时代周刊》评为全球百佳目的地。

Ole Bouman is a Dutch-German cultural historian, art historian and archeologist. He is the Founding Director Emeritus of Design Society, the new design museum and platform in Shenzhen, now in the fifth year of its full operation and listed by Time Magazine among the World Top 100 Greatest Places.

伯曼曾任《Volume》杂志主编（2005-2007，由OMA建筑事务所与哥伦比亚大学联合创办），荷兰建筑学会馆长（NAi，2006-2013）；曾参与策划第三届欧洲宣言展（2000，联合策展人），以及深圳、圣保罗与威尼斯建筑双年展的国家馆，并担纲第五届深港城市/建筑双城双年展创意总监（UABB 2013-2014）；著有《建筑中的不可见》（合著，1994），《无所不在的中国》（2006），《责任建筑》（2009），以及《设计互联：成为创新聚合力平台》（合著，2017）；曾为美国麻省理工学院（MIT）与香港大学讲授建筑与设计课程。他被评为2018深圳商报十大年度创意影响力人物。

Past roles include editor-in-chief of Volume (2005-2007, a magazine he co-founded with OMA and Columbia University) and director of the national Netherlands Architecture Institute (NAi) (2006-2013). He worked as a curator for Manifesta 3 (2000), and curated national pavilions at the Biennales of Shenzhen, São Paulo and Venice. He was Creative Director of the Urbanism/Architecture Bi-City Biennale Shenzhen (UABB) in 2013-14. His publications include The Invisible in Architecture (co-author, 1994), Ubiquitous China (2006), Architecture of Consequence (2009) and (co-editor, 2017) Design Society: the Making of a New Creative Platform. Bouman taught architecture and design at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Hong Kong. In 2018 he received the Shenzhen Creative Influencer Award.

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