立体叠加的庭园：厦门市思明区青少年实践基地 / 筑境设计

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2022.04.02 00:52

设计单位 筑境设计

项目地点 福建厦门

建设时间 2020年

建筑面积 14364平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

背景

项目位于厦门市同安区荏畲村附近，基地三面山体环绕，现状为陡峭的护坡，本该向地面延伸的山势被护坡切开；另一面朝向农田，视野开阔。

The site is located near Yu She village in Tong 'an District of Xiamen City. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides which is now a steep slope protection extending to the ground. The other side of the site is open to farmland.

本项目用地面积为6788平方米，容积率高达1.7，包含了食堂、礼堂、教室、图书馆、风雨操场、宿舍等功能。在此之外，业主方还要求提供尽可能多的活动场地，以便青少年各类活动的拓展。

The project covers an area of 6,788 square meters with a plot ratio of 1.7, including the canteen, auditorium, classrooms, library, indoor playground, dormitory, etc. In addition, the client also requests to provide as much activity space as possible for the expansion of various activities of young people.

场所的自然性

在本设计中，狭窄的用地里高容积率的建设需求，导致了建筑体量最后的呈现非高即宽，这种状态与场地所处的环境并不协调。因此，建筑与场地自然特征间的平衡，成为了设计中最重要的挑战。

In the design, in order to accommodate the construction needs of high plot ratio in the narrow land, ordinary design methods can only make the building volume high and wide, however not in harmony with the environment. Therefore, how to maintain the balance between the building and the natural character of the site became our most important challenge.

受制于建筑功能的要求，完全融于自然的地景式建筑并不可行。我们提出了“复原山势，自然介入”的概念，在场地中用部分建筑体量复原被护坡打断的山势，将剩余的建筑体量以自然有机的方式介入其中。

Restricted by the functional requirements of the building, it is not feasible to integrate landscape architecture into nature completely. We put forward the concept of "natural intervention in restoring mountain landscape": in the site, part of the building volume is used to restore the mountain landscape interrupted by slope, and the rest of the building volume is integrated into it in a natural and organic way.

复原山势

原始地形中山体护坡高度与基地标高相差较大，因此我们将使用频率较低的大型公共空间放到一层，孩子们的主要活动、教学空间则抬升至二层，使其标高与山体护坡高度相近，与山体关系更为融洽，形成“补山”的效果。

In the original terrain, the height of mountain slope protection differs greatly from that of the site, so we put the large public space, which will not be frequently used, on the first floor, and elevate the main activity and teaching space to the second floor, so that the elevation of which is closer to the height of mountain slope protection. And the relationship between the mountain and the building is more harmonious, which is what we call "restoring mountain landscape".

自然介入

为缓解建筑体量带来的压迫感，教室、图书馆、医务室等功能块被打散成互不相连的小型盒子重新组合，盒子间留出多个开放空间，农田方向的美景由此渗透到建筑内部；宿舍部分体量架空于基座之上，建筑形体随着等高线扭转，在两端以退台的形式呼应山势，中间以开洞的方式增强了建筑的通透性，引入自然。

In order to alleviate the sense of pressure brought by the huge volume of the building, the design disintegrates the functional blocks such as classroom, library and clinic, and recombines them into disconnected small boxes. Multiple open spaces facing the farmland are left between the boxes, permeating natural beauty. Part of the volume of the dormitory is suspended above the ground, and the shape of which twists along with the contour line. At both ends of the building, the form of retreat echoes the mountain, and in the middle, open spaces inside the volume enhances the transparency of the building, so as to introduce the nature.

空间的多样性

青少年实践基地可以看成是一个容纳多样活动的微缩社会，如何将这些活动彼此关联，产生活力？在本案中我们将架空层和教室的屋顶连接起来，引入了一条10米宽的环形大坡道——“活力之环”，在这个环上，我们融合了展廊、图书馆、室外剧场、公共门厅、拓展跑道等功能，为青少年提供了多样的活动场所和连续的空间体验。

Youth practice base is a small society that accommodates diverse activities. How to relate these activities to each other and generate vitality? In the design, we connect the overhead floor with the roof of the classroom, and set up a 10m wide circular ramp -- the "Ring of Vitality". The ring connects galleries, libraries, outdoor theaters, public foyers, and extended running tracks to provide a variety of activities and continuous spatial experience for young people.

集会空间

一层入口处的大尺度架空空间，可容纳800人参与升旗集会，屋顶的庇护使在此的活动不受天气影响。

The large elevated space at the entrance of the first floor can accommodate 800 people to participate in the flag-raising ceremony and other gatherings without being affected by the weather.

社交空间

建筑二层，宿舍楼与教室围合出内部庭院，绿化、雕塑、趣味空间等散布其中，各种活动、路径在这里随机发生，成为鼓励探索、激发灵感的动态空间。

On the second floor of the building, the dormitories and classrooms are enclosed with an internal courtyard, where green spaces, sculptures and interesting spaces are scattered. Various activities and circulations converge here, becoming a dynamic space that encourages exploration and inspiration.

休闲娱乐空间

二层的架空层中设置了展廊、小剧场、图书馆等活动空间，是丰富青少年课余生活的主要场所。

On the second floor, there are gallery, small theater, library and other activity spaces within the elevated space, which are the main places to enrich the young persons' after-school life.

特色体验空间

宿舍屋顶拥有开阔的视野，在这里建筑以景观的方式介入：高低错落的弧墙在屋顶穿梭，将屋顶分隔成不同尺度的游戏角落，为青少年创造活动空间。宿舍楼中间层的开洞空间不但引入了自然景色，同时也成为青少年交流互动的提供了场所。

The roof of the dormitory has a wide view, where the building intervenes in a landscape way: high and low walls cross the roof, dividing the roof into different scales of activity space. The opening of the middle floor of the dormitory not only introduces natural scenery, but also provides a place for young people to communicate and interact.

结语

从教学、实践、拓展、生活等多个维度出发，我们试图打造一个鼓励交往与探索、融入自然与生活的青少年实践基地，它将引领青少年在学习娱乐中丰富自我，促进交往，体验自然。

From teaching, practice, development, life and other dimensions, we try to create a youth practice base that encourages communication and exploration, and integrates nature and life. It will lead teenagers and young people to enrich themselves, promote communication and experience nature in learning and entertainment.