嘉义市立美术馆改扩建：构造工艺的跨时代对话 / 黄明威建筑师事务所+王铭显建筑师事务所

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2021.08.23 22:51

设计单位 黄明威建筑师事务所+王铭显建筑师事务所

项目地点台湾嘉义

建成时间 2020年6月

建筑面积 5179平方米

基地原貌

嘉义市立美术馆是一个与历史建筑共构再利用的设计案例，基地位置在嘉义市中山路659号（兴建美术馆后改为广宁街101号），嘉义市火车站的斜对面。原基地上建筑物共分四栋（A/B/C/D），之前为烟酒公卖局嘉义分局所使用，其中一栋为市定古迹（A栋），其余三栋则为一般建筑物，作为仓库及零售部门用房。

Chia-Yi Art Museum is an expansion project constructed on an existing historical preservation building site on No. 659 Chung-Shan Rd., Chia-Yi City, near Chia-Yi train station. The existing complex was composed of four buildings (A/B/C/D) used for Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation, Chia-Yi Branch Office. Building A was designated as a historical monument, the other three (B/C/D) were general buildings used as warehouses and a retail store.

历史特色

既有建筑前身为原台湾总督府专卖局嘉义支局的办公场所，建于1936年，为三层钢筋混凝土结构建筑，由时任台湾总督府专卖局技师的梅泽舍次郎设计，平面呈L形，坐东南朝西北。

Built in 1936 (Showa year 11) in the Japanese Colonial period, the existing site and 3-floor-tall reinforced concrete building A was mainly functioned as the Monopoly Bureau of Government of Taiwan, Chia-Yi Branch Office. It was designed by the architect Maizawa Shejiro, the building plan layout is L-shaped, orienting northwest by southeast.

建筑外墙转角为弧形，基座抬高，开窗与窗楣呈水平带状，强调了水平的线条感。立面贴有北投出产的SCRATCH风格瓷砖，是古典建筑风格蜕变为现代主义风格的历史见证。而在一二楼楼梯处，特别将柱头、柱身设计为八边棱角形的柱子，成为空间的视觉焦点。

Building A has been a delicate witness of history, which materialized the architectural style transition from Neo-Classical to Modernism. Special features such as the rounded building corner, raised base platform, the elaborated horizontal opening lintel and floor lines, and the SCRATCH style exterior tiles, all well embodied the Eclecticism of the historical transition. The interior focal point is the“‎Hakkō ichiu” column located near the staircase, which is octagonal in plan, resembles the national motto of Japanese Militarism’s cosmic philosophy at the World War II.

“二战”后，建筑为台湾省烟酒公卖局嘉义分局所使用，1947年时，门窗曾改建为炮兵要塞。2000年6月，这一建筑被评定为嘉义市古迹，2012年被选定为嘉义市立美术馆预定地。设计团队于2014年接受设计监造委托，2018年改扩建工程动工，2020年完工开馆。

After the war, the building was used by Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation. It was adapted as a battalion fortress during the 228 Incident, appointed as historical monument in July 7^th, 2000. In 2012, the city chose the site for Chia-Yi Art Museum, the architectural design team was chosen in 2014, and the construction started in 2018, the museum will commence in the year 2020.

构造与工艺的跨时代对话

随着旧建筑的再利用成为重要议题，不同时期兴建的建筑物，如何在小规模拆除干扰的前提下，在外观与内部功能上赋予新意，引入新的设计理念与当代的材质构造，整合新旧建筑的结构、构造与空间，以美术馆经营与维护管理延续旧建筑的生命，是本案旧建筑再利用的主要挑战。

How to preserve and re-vitalize the historical buildings has been becoming an important issue nowadays, it is also a major challenge to minimize the disturbance of demolition and construction on existing site, yet to endow new perception and function to this project. We try to respond this challenge by introducing contemporary design concept and material to integrate the structures and spaces among the existing and the new constructions, so the life of the complex can be extended through the injection of museum management and maintenance as an integrated whole.

由于阿里山林场的木材集散所需，以及西部走廊交通枢纽的重要区位，嘉义市获得“木都”之美名。随着钢筋混凝土技术的进步，曾是重要建筑材料的木材，在20世纪后半叶逐渐退出台湾的建造产业链。

Chia-Yi City has been called “The Capital of Woods” due to the city’s pivoting location between Ali Mountain Forestry Center and its transportation corridor. Although the wood industry gradually withdrew from Taiwan’s building industry due to the thriving of reinforced concrete construction in 20^th century, it is making a comeback in 21^st century for wood’s negative carbon emission nature, and the leaping development of new production technics.

但因钢筋混凝土材料碳排放高且寿命有限，同时碳排为负的木材在生产技术上获得飞跃性发展，21世纪的现在，融合两种新旧建筑材料进行改造的美术馆，体现了重要的当代性意义：保留旧有的钢筋混凝土建筑，辅以木构造改建以提高耐震性能及舒适性，响应嘉义“木都”的主题。

Therefore our design strategy of incorporating the old (RC) and the new (Glulam & CLT) to improve the seismic performance and the amenities of the art museum, which not only puts the contemporary issues of reservation into practice, also corresponds to the theme of “The Capital of Woods”.

新建外墙在工艺上采用多层次实木结构积材（CLT）替代B栋西侧、南侧的原有钢筋混凝土外墙，除减轻30%的建筑重量外，更大幅提高了隔热性能。其外立面采用玻璃幕墙，使用相同的开口语汇，将A、B、C三栋的外立面意象串联起来。

In order to reduce the structural load (30%) and to improve the thermal insulation performance, we demolished the south and west exterior walls of building B, replaced with cross laminated timber (CLT) wall with glass rain-screen curtain wall. All the opening vocabulary of the building complex are in similar proportion to maintain the consistency of the street façade.

面对广场的方向，设计师使用集成木梁柱新建挑高三层楼的大厅，加上大面积的结构玻璃立面，将美术馆的入口转向面对如“都市的客厅”般的景观中庭。这样的改造使原本缺乏个性的开放空间——面向不同的建筑物并置后剩余的空地，经由建筑立面的重新整理后，转变为具有个性与内聚性的景观广场，成为能够留驻市民记忆的绿色空间。

The new three-story-tall museum lobby is supported by glulam trusses and columns, and is enclosed by structural glass curtain wall. By placing the lobby entrance towards the re-landscaped courtyard, we turn the inner courtyard into an “Urban Living Room”, which is no longer the residual empty lots of building site, but an attractive and characteristic open space that can reside in every visitor’s memory.