华北乡村的记忆拼图：北京延庆“互舍” / 神奇建筑研究室

编辑：赵越（实习生） | 校对：李博超 | 2021.05.20 10:23

设计单位 神奇建筑研究室

项目地点 北京延庆

建成时间 2019年

建筑面积 220平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

华北乡村一直是一个面目模糊的群体，但她们所承载的记忆和生活并非没有价值，这些记忆的容器如何在乡村更新中得以存续，是个问题。

Introduction: The villages in North China have always been a vague group, but the memories and lives they carry are not worthless. How these containers of memories can survive in the rural renewal is a problem.

追忆

后黑龙庙村位于北京延庆海坨山下，夏日青翠的高粱地，和冬季冰封的水漫树林是其典型景观。这里充满了北方乡村特有的宁静、舒朗和萧索——蝉鸣，朝雾，红砖房和深秋醉蓝的天空。抛却了古典绘画的诗意想象，像极了当代写实主义油画充满张力的日常即景。

Houheilongmiao Village is located at the bottom of Haiying Mountain in Yanqing, Beijing, with green sorghum fields in summer and frozen water-filled woods in winter. It is full of the tranquility , soothing and bleak which are unique to the northern countryside. Here are cicadas, fog, red brick houses and the blue sky in late autumn. Abandoning the poetic imagination of classical painting, it is like a daily scene that is full of tension in contemporary realist oil painting.

阿尔多·罗西曾言：“历史的结束便是记忆的开始。”这处80年代兴建的房屋起初被用于婚房，之后便接受庸长岁月的点滴磨蚀即便已经破败，仍发散着当年幸福憧憬的气息。

"The end of history is the beginning of memory" (Aldo Rossi). This house built in the 1980s was originally used as a wedding room. Even if it has been ruined, it still exudes the happiness of that time, and then accepts long bits of wear and tear of years.

北方乡村上一段轰轰烈烈的生活史终结于伴随新技术媒介而来的城市化进程，青年人进入县城或市区就业，房屋开始空置。于是，乡村更新重启，作为民宿，这个建筑也等待着被解构。

The last part of the life history of the northern countryside ended with the urbanization process accompanied by new technology media. Young people entered the county or urban areas for employment, and their houses became vacant. As a result, the village update restarted as a guest house, waiting to be deconstructed.

三开间的坡顶砖房和其前院构成了183平米的场地。而机平瓦的屋顶，清水红砖墙面，浅绿色的窗框则是基地的一种馈赠，其潜在的丰富性需要特别的诠释，就像塞巴斯蒂安·玛若特所言的一样“即便在花园消失很久之后，播下的植物还会结果。（）”。

The three-story brick house and its front yard form a 183-square-meter site. The flat-tile roof, red brick drywall surface, and light green window frame are a kind of gift from the base. The potential richness needs special interpretation: "Even after the garden disappears for a long time, the planted plants will bear fruit. (Sebastien Marot). "

关系

30年多年后的今天，这里将会迎来新的“家庭”——朋友或是新人们；时光穿越，相逢恨晚；家庭的“温度”却始终不变。两重岁月，如何相见？

Today, more than 30 years later, here will usher in a new "family"-friends or new people; time travels, meets with nostalgia; the family "temperature" is always the same. How do they meet each other in different era of year?

让新生活取代旧情感，拆倒重建？还是膜拜历史，原样保留？我们觉得应该让二元对立的新旧关系融合为“形式的共产”（communisme formel）——给一件物品赋予新的含义，就已经是生产了。（尼古拉·布里奥）

Let the new life replace the old emotion, tear down and rebuild? Or worship history and keep it as it was? We feel that the dual relationship between the old and the new should be merged into a "communisme formel"-giving a new meaning to an object is already a production.

(Nicolas Bourriaud)

南北两侧的房屋围合出小院，构成传统村落肌理，村落合院的生活方式在新设计中被延续。北部的红砖房被保留，坡屋顶的新房建在院子南侧，两者共同围合出屋顶露台，远眺田野。

The north and south houses surround the small courtyard, forming a traditional village texture. The lifestyle of the village courtyard is continued in the new design.The red brick house in the north is retained, and the new house with a slope roof is built on the south side of the yard. The two together enclose the roof terrace and overlook the fields.

互舍的“互”体现在三个层面：

Mutual reciprocity in the‘Reciprocal House’is reflected in three levels:

首先是新旧房屋的造型“交互”，村庄的传统坡屋顶形式和让人感到舒适亲切的尺度成为了隐形的记忆，在设计中延续。

The first is the interaction of the new and old houses. The village's traditional sloping roof form and intimate dimensions have become invisible memories, which continue in the design.

南北两房交错的位置形成“互”字般的咬合空间，为了使原本逼仄的室内空间体验感放大，南侧的新屋被下挖，人们再通过上升的楼梯进入北房，这样看似多余的“设计动作”让空间因高差变化而变得生动，洞穴般的居住体验也由此而生。

The intersecting positions of the two north and south rooms form a “mutual” occlusal space. In order to enlarge the original experiencing interior space experience, the new house on the south side was dug down, and people entered the north room through the rising stairs, which seemed redundant. The "design action" makes the space come alive as the height changes, and the cave-like living experience is born.

关于材质的“交互”的表达，我们希望能够延续红砖绿窗的记忆。瓷砖这种华北乡村常见的建材表达了村民清洁卫生的朴素需求，我们既不想为了“建构”欲望而刻意暴露真实建筑材质，也并非要“民粹”般地歌颂流行乡间的大白瓷砖，“天青色”的瓷砖被选作南房的表皮，瓷砖绿和砖红形成“大俗”撞色，却充满了火热的生活质感。

Regarding the expression of "interaction" of materials, we hope to continue the memory of the red brick and green window. Tiles, a common building material in the North China countryside, expressing the villagers ’simple needs for cleanliness. We don’t want to deliberately expose the real building materials in order to ‘construct’ the desire, nor do we want to sing the populous big white tiles like populist, The ceramic tile was selected as the skin of the south house, and the tile green and brick red formed a "vulgar" contrasting color, but filled with the fiery texture of life.

第三层“交互”是室内隐藏的一条闭合流线，“圆形”路径似乎也隐喻着“园”。起于入户的玄关庭院，接着看到现代感的南房，继而通过“山谷”步入充满怀旧气氛的北房，通过小洞口爬上露台，从大阶梯上再步入庭院和卧房，完成 “山居巡游”。

The third level of "interaction" is a closed streamline hidden in the interior, and the "circular" path also seems to be a metaphor for "garden". It starts from the entrance courtyard and then sees the modern south house. Then it enters the nostalgic north house through the "valley", climbs to the terrace through the small hole, and then enters the courtyard and bedroom from the large step accomplishing the "Mountain House Wandering".

这种伴随“现代性”而生的运动感并非新生事物，100年前阿道夫·路斯的 “螺旋空间”（Raumplan）住宅即给出了答案。今天，在室内欢快奔跑的孩子和时时来访的小猫似乎对其仍然兴趣盎然。

This sense of movement that accompanies "modernity" is not new, and　 Adolf Loos's "Raumplan" house gave the answer 100 years ago... Today, children who run happily indoors and kittens who visit from time to time still seem to be full of excitement.

自然的媒介

在北京，雨水让人既爱又恨，暴雨的六月和干冷的冬季周而复始。从天而降，涓涓细流，归于土壤，这种雨水循环在“互舍”变得可观。

In Beijing, the rain makes people love and hate it. The heavy rains of June and the dry winter cycle start and end.

始于屋顶的汇聚，经过 “沟渠”从中部露台蜿蜒汇至庭院，继而沿着碎石路径引至于道路明沟，这些过程从庭园和室内被居住者耳闻目视，在雨天则形成生动的景观体验。而在旱季，碎石铺地则带来“枯山水”的想象。

Falling from the sky, trickling down to the soil, this kind of rainwater cycle becomes considerable in "interchange". It starts from the convergence of the roof, winding from the central terrace to the courtyard through the "ditch", and then leading to the open channel of the road along the gravel path. These processes are seen and heard from the garden and indoor occupants and form a vivid landscape in the rain experience. In the dry season, gravel paving brings the imagination of " Karesansui".

在屋顶唱歌，在夜晚观星；午后的盛阳让瓷砖变为天青色，而在傍晚或是雨中透出冷冷的蓝色调子。

Singing on the roof, stargazing at night; the sun in the afternoon makes the tiles turn azure, and in the evening or in the rain, it gets to cold blue tones.

卡尔维诺说：“你跑了那么远的路，只是为了摆脱怀旧的重负！”当民宿和旅行成为丰裕社会的生活形态，我们希望居住者不仅看到华北乡村的记忆拼图，还能轻松地看看明天，新旧互为因借。

Italo Calvino said, "You ran so far, just to get rid of the burden of nostalgia!" When homestays and travel become a life form of a rich society in China, we hope that visitors will not only see the memory puzzles of the North China countryside but also easily Look at tomorrow, the old and the new are borrowing each other.