伦佐·皮亚诺非洲首作：乌干达恩德培市儿童外科医院

设计单位  Renzo Piano Building Workshop+Studio TAMassociati

项目地点  乌干达恩德培市

建成时间  2020年

建筑面积  9695平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

从被忽视的大陆到不断发展的世界新场域，我们对非洲的看法经历了一个缓慢却稳定的改观。将非洲儿科医院的实际需要同创造一个典范建筑的愿景相结合，成为此次非政府急救组织新项目的最大挑战：合理、务实、现代、美丽，但又要同传统紧密联系。

Our vision of Africa has recently undergone a slow but steady development, from neglected continent to the new frontier of an evolving world. The challenge of this new project of Emergency NGO is to combine the practical requirements of a paediatric surgery hospital in Africa with the desire to create a model piece of architecture: rational, tangible, modern, beautiful, but firmly linked to tradition.

这将不仅仅成为一所新医院，还将是非洲第一个由过去几十年来，真正书写过此地建筑故事的人设计的建筑作品。项目对于促进乌干达乃至整个非洲的保健与文化事业都具有极其重要的象征意义。

It will be more than a mere hospital: it will be the first architectural work in Africa designed by someone who, over the past decades, has actually written the story of architecture. This project is a sign of extreme symbolic importance for the promotion of health care and culture in Uganda, and in the entire Africa.

建筑顺着周边湖畔圆弧状的地形，医院的外墙及外走廊的一侧沿着地势的走向形成阶梯状的落差，建筑就立于这处阶梯之上，在内外上下间形成一个连续空间。层叠的墙壁打破了各个区域内的界限，在湖泊、公园及医院内部环境间创造出一个统一体。

The building will follow the curves that slope down to the lake. By following the course of the land, the hospital walls and the boundaries of its outdoor pathways will form terraces on which the hospital itself will stand, in a spatial continuum between interior and exterior, above and below. The stacked walls will break the distinction between the various zones, creating a unity between the lake, the park and the internal hospital environment.

在世界大多处地区，夯土都是最为贫苦的人们用于建造房屋的材料。这是一种简单且廉价的建造技术，但就非洲来说，大多数人都会将其同过去的贫困联系在一起，这种观念需要被抛弃。我们痴迷于为这种技术赋予尊严，利用挖掘出来的土壤，用夯土技术制造承重墙。

Earth is the raw material used to build the homes of the poorest people in most parts of the world. It’s a simple, cheap building technique but one which, in Africa, is associated by most people with a past of poverty that needs to be forgotten. We were fascinated by the idea of giving back some dignity to this technique, using the excavated land to build the load-bearing walls with the rammed earth technique.

夯土技术是一种古老的建造方法，将泥土、沙子、砾石、粘合剂和少量的水混合在一起，并压缩在木头或金属制成的模板中。这种材料最大的优点，莫过于在当地就可以获得，且不需要水泥及高度专业的工人。从建设阶段开始，设计就着眼于可持续性了。

The rammed earth technique is an ancient building method involving a mixture of earth, sand, gravel, binding agents and a little water, compressed in wooden or metal frames or moulds. The great advantage is that the material is available locally, and there’s no need for cement or highly specialised workers. An eye on sustainability, right from the construction phase.

这栋源于土壤的建筑还将从太阳中获取能量。诚然，屋顶为一个悬挂的棚架结构，上方支撑着9800平方米的光伏板（相当于一个足球场的面积），该系统将确保医院在白天可有一个独立的电力供应。它还将连接到干线，以便在耗电量低时向周围地区提供能量。 光伏屋顶“漂浮”在建筑物上方，同时也将为医院和所有无遮挡的走道提供遮阳。

This building, born from the earth, will get its energy from the sun. Indeed, the roof will be made from a suspended trellis structure supporting 9,800 square metres of photovoltaic panels (equal to the surface of a football pitch). This system will ensure that the hospital has an autonomous electricity supply during the day. It will also be connected to the main line, to provide energy to the surrounding area at times when consumption is low. The photovoltaic roof, “floating” above the building, will also guarantee shade for the hospital and all the uncovered walkways.

设计图纸 ▽

完整项目信息

Total Gross area: about 9.695 mq

Site area:  148,700 mq

Hospital Level 0: 4,375 mq

Hospital Level -4: 4,720 mq

Guest House: 652 mq

Plant Area: 710 mq

Photovoltaic panels: 3,600 square meters

Permission to build (December 2016)

Project Owner: EMERGENCY NGO Onlus

Renzo Piano Building Workshop & Studio TAMassociati

Design team: RPBW - G.Grandi (partner in charge), P.Carrera, A.Peschiera, D.Piano, Z.Sawaya and D. Ardant; F.Cappellini, I.Corsaro, D.Lange, F.Terranova (models) - TAMassociati - R.Pantaleo, M.Lepore, S.Sfriso, V.Milan, L.Candelpergher, E. Vianello, M.Gerardi - EMERGENCY Field Operations Department, Building Division - Roberto Crestan, Carlo Maisano.

Consultants: Milan Ingegneria (structure); Prisma Engineering (MEP); Franco and Simona Giorgetta (landscape); GAE Engineering (fire consultant); J&A Consultants

Finanziatori e Donatori:

Finanziatori: Paola Coin, RPBW, Fondazione Prosolidar, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Fondazione Ravasi Garzanti, Sergio Lorenzoni and Eleonora Zanettin

Donatori Partners: Agatos, AGC, Alessio Tubi, Duferco Travi e Profilati, Enel Greenpower, Simona e Franco Giorgetta Architetti Paesaggisti, Ingretech, J&A Consultants, KSB, Maeg, Mapei, Milan Ingegneria, Milani, Pellini, Performance In Lighting, Perin, Prisma Engineering, Termoidraulica, Resstende, Safic Alcan, Santerno Enertronica, Schneider Electric, Schuco, TAMassociati, Tecnotubi,Theatro, Thema, Zinchitalia, 8x1000 Chiesa Valdese

Donatori Supporters: Alubel, Atlas Concorde, B Braun, Cool Head Europe, Doka, Favero, FIAMM, GAE Engineering, Giugliano Costruzioni Metalliche, Riello UPS, Valsir, Velux, Zintek

Donatori Friends of Emergency: Banor, Barlett, Casalgrande Padana, Cofiloc, Fondazione Promozione Acciaio, Fumagalli, Gima, GSA, Leister, Maspero Elevatori, MPL Feralpi Group, Polyglass, PPG, Tecnaria, Zanutta

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