芬兰Kalasatama学校与日托中心：交织的色彩 / JKMM

编辑：李博超（实习生） | 校对：李博超（实习生） | 2020.12.28 15:07

设计单位 JKMM

项目地点 芬兰赫尔辛基

建成时间 2020年（二期）

建筑面积 9000平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

蓬勃发展的Kalasatama新区，如今也有了自己的日托中心和学校。它有着斑斓的色彩和极具吸引力的视觉效果，这里既没有常规的课桌，也没有拥堵的教室。

The new and rapidly growing district of Kalasatama now has its own day care centre and school. The colourful and visually inviting school designed by JKMM Architects has no conventional pupils’ desks or stuffy classrooms.

这座建筑紧贴蜿蜒的街道形状，里面有一个庭院。这座三层的建筑中设有一个日托中心和学校。

The building, closely following the shape of the winding streets, has a courtyard nestling inside it. The building has a day care centre and school on three floors.

设计将学校塑造成一个充满吸引力和亲和力的公共建筑，以欢快的姿态从一堆混凝土建筑群中跳脱而出。在 Junonkatu 街道和 Kalasatamanpuisto 公园之间的城市结构中，建筑雕塑般的身影占据着醒目的位置。

The school was designed to be an inviting and approachable public building. The cheerful building clearly stands out among the surrounding blocks of concrete buildings. Its sculpture-like figure assumes a visible place in the urban structure between Junonkatu street and the Kalasatamanpuisto park.

建设分成两期进行。建成后，孩子们将从这里享受从幼托、学前教育，一直到综合学校的学习与生活。学校的理念是与使用者共成长，从一个单层的日托中心“成长”为一个三层的综合学校。

It will be built in two stages. Once completed, children will receive their education from nursery school to preschool education and all the way to the end of comprehensive school in this school building. The idea of the school is to grow, together with its users, from a single-storey day care centre into a three-storey comprehensive school.

首期工程已于2016年春季完工，包括有顶庭院东北角的厢房，用来容纳日托中心和学前班，这期工程还包括位于中央的体育设施和食堂。二期工程则绕院而建，有着供更高年级使用的食堂、舞台、图书馆和其它学习设施。校舍将在2020年全部完工，届时将有约700名学生在这里开始自己的学习生活。

The first phase, completed in spring 2016, includes the low wing at the north-eastern corner of the sheltered courtyard housing the day care centre and preschool education facilities, as well as sports facilities and a canteen in the middle of the building. In the second phase, the building will be extended to meander around the courtyard. That is when a dining hall, stage and library, as well as study facilities for older students will be built. The building will be totally completed in 2020, when it will have approximately 700 pupils.

“蜿蜒”的建筑采用钢筋混凝土框架。地板是现浇混凝土，天花之上的波形屋面则为木构，伸出深檐并遮蔽着下方的结构。在院子一侧，有一条以钢构为顶的甬道环绕着建筑。校舍独具特色的外墙取材于丰富的色彩游戏，多彩的纤维混凝土板既耐用又免于维护。根据建筑主题制作的烤瓷铝网板，可用于恶劣天气和眩光的防护。

The meandering building has a reinforced concrete frame. The floors  are concrete cast on site, and the wavy roof over the ceiling is of wooden construction. The long eaves of the roof protect the structures. On the courtyard side, there is a canopied corridor of steel construction surrounding the building. The distinctive external wall of the school building was created by playing with different colours. The cladding, rich in colour, is made of durable and maintenance-free fibre concrete plates. Stove enamelled aluminium mesh panels, adapted for the architectural theme, are used for protection against foul weather and sun glare.

教学设施体现了对最新教学方法的支持，取消了传统的课桌和教室，老师也不再坐守讲桌。环境也提供鼓励互动的氛围。教学设施及家具设计依功能分异，学生可随着教学在建筑中自由游走，由此拉近了师生距离，还能根据不同的教学场景调整变换。打开隔墙，各设施间的连接十分方便；多功能的设计也实现了基于功能和现象的学习需求。

The teaching facilities of the school are designed to support the basic premises of the latest pedagogy. Traditional pupils’ desks and classrooms have been done away with, and the teacher no longer sits behind a desk. The environment provides stimuli and encourages interactivity. The teaching facilities and their furniture are designed for different functions, and the pupils move between different facilities with the teaching. The space and furniture solutions bring the pupils closer to the teacher and can be modified for different teaching situations. The facilities can be easily altered and joined together by opening partition walls. The multi-purpose design also allows function- and phenomenon-based learning.

学校本身就是个大教具。所有技术设备和功能都向外开放，供人观摩：学童们看得到新鲜空气从哪里来，水往哪里去，校务校工的活动也没有遮掩——无论教学还是维修设施，大家都能从大窗户里清楚看到。校舍布局和设计的背后，是创造社区精神和培养社会技能的理念。

The school building is an educational tool itself. All of the technical equipment and functions of the building are left out in the open to see and study. The pupils can see where fresh air comes from and where water goes. The work performed by the staff has not been hidden – both the teaching and maintenance facilities can be seen by all through large windows. The idea behind the arrangement and design of the premises facilities is to create a community spirit and develop social skills.

可见的技术设备赋予了室内一种图面化和工业化的氛围，仿佛身处巨大的机器之中；装饰运用大量木材，温暖的胶合板紧接着亚光黑，对比鲜明。色点——日托中心的绿点点和学校的红点点，只用于家具的装饰上。

The visible technical equipments give the indoors a graphical and industrial feel, as if one was inside a gigantic machine. A great deal of wood was used for decoration. The warm plywood surfaces are joined together by contrasting matt black. The dots of colour – green in the day care centre and red in the school – were only used for the furniture.

每个“晶胞”——可容纳75名学生的教育单元，都围绕着一个宽敞的公共空间排列教学设施。中间大型的巢状家具用于集中学生，红色的、全部包以软垫的家具能同时容纳单元里所有人，并且依据场景要求，可用作座位，也可用于教学或者玩耍。偌大的空间周围是储物家具，供学生存放个人物品。

The heart of every cell – an educational facility unit for 75 pupils – is a large common space around which the teaching facilities are grouped. There is large nest-like furniture in the middle of it, mustering the pupils together. The red, totally upholstered furniture can accommodate all pupils of the cell at the same time. Depending on the situation, it can be used for seating, as a teaching facility or a place for playing. The large space is surrounded by storage furniture, where the pupils can keep their belongings.

所有固定家具都出自JKMM建筑师之手，专供学校建筑及其教学需求，选材也考虑到室内脱鞋的使用场景。

All fixed furniture was designed by JKMM Architects. The solutions were specifically tailored for the school building and its pedagogic needs. The choice of materials was affected by the fact that shoes are not worn inside the building.

对于学校建筑，其实不是非得坐守课桌才能学习不可。于是设计团队对传统的桌椅以圆椅、豆袋椅和瑜伽球作补充。所有非固定家具都能轻松移动。桌子有脚轮，椅子可叠放。不同家具既能很好地融合，又可用于其他设施。这些非固定家具也以芬兰产品为主。

In the school building, learning is possible also when one is not sitting behind a desk. The conventional tables and chairs are complemented by circular seats, beanbags and gym balls. All non-fixed furniture can be easily moved. The tables have casters and the chairs are stackable. Different pieces of furniture blend well and can be used in other facilities. The non-fixed furniture are largely Finnish.

学校内部的艺术作品也延续了这种感觉。作为“艺术百分比”项目的一部分，学校的第一期（刚完工）就有一面题为“影子游戏”的壁画，其由艺术家Heli Hiltunen为日托中心所作。第二期学校部分的艺术体验则交给之后选定的另一位艺术家。

The feeling of sensation continues with the art inside the school. The school building is part of the Percent for Art -project. The first phase (just completed) has a mural entitled Shadow Play, painted by Heli Hiltunen for the day care centre. In the second phase, the art experience will be completed in the school section by another artist to be selected later.