屋顶“彩虹”：捷克Beatified Restituta教堂 / Atelier Štěpán

设计单位  Atelier Štěpán, Zdeněk Bureš

建成时间 2020年

建筑面积 2350平方米

项目地址  捷克布尔诺

建造Beatified Restituta教堂最初是在1968年的一个偶然场合中提出的，用以纪念Marie Restituta烈士。在过去的30年中，建筑师Marek JanŠtěpán一直断断续续设计这座教堂，现在它得以建成实现。教堂位于一个住宅中心的低洼地带，该地区有大量混凝土公寓大楼。教堂形体无法在规模上与它们统一，故而被设计成表现手法简洁、几何形体易辨认的形式。

Architect Marek Jan Štěpán has occupied himself with the idea of this church intermittently for the past 30 years. However, the intention to build a church first came up in the relaxed atmosphere of 1968 and was finally fulfilled after 50 years. The church is located in the heart of the housing estate at the mouth of the Čertova rokle ravine. The area is covered with tall concrete apartment buildings. The new church cannot compete with them in terms of size, which is why it has been designed to be very simple in expression, elementary in geometry and therefore easily legible.  It is the first church to be dedicated to Bl. Marie Restituta who was born approximately 600 meters from its location.

教堂总体的长方形体块放置在基地上，界定了这个颇具纪念性的场所。它由三部分组成：教堂、塔楼和宗教中心（由Zdeněk Bureš设计）。宗教中心处于矩形体块，塔楼是三角柱，教堂呈圆柱形，三个基本几何形状都得以表示。
A rectangular plateau is laid out on the plot that defines the sacred district. There are three basic masses on it – the church, the tower and the spiritual centre (designed by Zdeněk Bureš). The original centre is rectangular, the tower is triangular and the church is circular, which means the three basic geometric shapes are all represented.

教堂部分的平面是呈圆形，象征着天堂和永恒（与方形象征的大地和无常相反)，五彩环形窗户反射天空的同时，围合着屋顶下方的教堂空间，圆形屋顶可以说是漂浮在莱斯纳之上的。
The church has a circular floor plan. The circle is an age-long symbol of heaven and eternity (in contrast to the square, which refers to earth and transience). The heaven is reflected back in the colourful annular window that embraces the church just below the roof. It might be said that the circle is floating above Lesná or, on a figurative, transcendental level, that the heaven is floating above Lesná.

圆形是饱满的形状，是居住区的精神焦点，可以成为人们摆脱日常喧嚣、发现自我的场所。礼拜堂位于教堂左侧的一个上方进光的高大半圆室中，圆形也符合现代教会的礼拜仪式。同时，设计参考了耶路撒冷圣殿的帷幕撕裂，教堂的墙壁在这里被一个三角形开口撕裂。

There are several reasons why we chose circular shape for the church. The circle is the shape of fullness, it is the full stop in the area of the housing estate and its spiritual focal point that should serve as a place where people can break out of the daily hustle, rest for a while or recollect themselves. The circle is also very close to the contemporary perception of liturgy in church that represents the community of the Apostles and Jesus around the table during the Last Supper. The tabernacle is located in a tall apse illuminated from above that is situated on the left side of the church. The church wall is torn by a triangular opening at this point, which serves as a reference to the tear in the Jerusalem temple curtain.

教堂内部是一个微型宇宙，它简单、沉稳、从容，使来访者感到安全，宛如婴儿在母亲的子宫里。内部空间由结构柔流畅的线条组成、无实体。空间上方的环形窗户促成了间接、柔和的日光，避免了空间中的生硬阴影。在这个80米长的窗户上，画着象征上帝和子民之间契约的彩虹，圆形彩虹可以从高空看到。在这里，光线变成了一种元素，暗示了一些超出现实物质、感官无法感知的东西。
The interior of the church forms an inner universe. It is an organ for communication with God. It is simple, composed, and collected. The visitor should feel safe, balanced, and undisturbed by the outside world, almost like in the mother’s womb. The soft and sleek lines of the structure form a disembodied inner space shaped by the light coming from the annular window above. Its purpose is to give indirect, soft daylight that does not cast hard shadows. The symbol of the covenant between God and His people – the rainbow – is depicted on this 80-meter-long window. A circular rainbow is a phenomenon that can actually be observed from high altitudes, often from planes. The light is turned into an element that hints on something beyond the limits of material reality, something barely perceivable with our senses.

塔楼部分离教堂较远，它的三角形平面促使了外部形体和内部空间的不统一。从外面看，它是一个指代老教堂的静态kubus，将整个建筑固定在一个小角上。面朝教堂的面开着一盏方形灯笼，黄色的一面挂着钟琴，红色的一面指向布尔诺市中心。

The tower stands further from the church. Its triangular floor plan ensures that it looks different from the inside of the church than it looks from the outside. From the outside it serves as a fixed point, a static kubus that refers to the westworks of the old churches and that anchors the whole compound on a small promontory. The side facing the church is open with a square lantern and there is a yellow part with a glockenspiel and a red part with a lookout on the Brno city centre.

这座塔垂直又水平，不同于传统的像火箭一样指向天空的塔楼，它的整体方向被改变，指向教堂，象征着上帝和子民的纵向关系。塔身31米高，并不比周围的公寓楼高，但在当地占主导地位。塔楼上刻有十字架形状的标志。钢螺旋楼梯穿过混凝土塔，当人从上往下看时，会看到其与教堂圆顶色彩、形状的对比。
The tower is both a vertical and a horizontal. Unlike the historic towers that point only to heaven like a rocket, here the direction is diverted and points to the church, which represents the vertical of the relationship of God and His people. Being 31 meters high, it is a local dominant even though it is not higher than the surrounding blocks of flats. A steel spiral staircase goes through the concrete tower, which, when looking above, reminds one of the colour scheme and the shape of the church dome. The sign FOS ZOE (meaning light and life) in the shape of the cross is inscribed on the tower. The same sign was found in archaeological digs in Mikulčice dating back to Velká Morava period.

该项目是以一个试验性项目作为扩张单元建造的，它沿用周边公寓常用的混凝土材料，预应力钢筋混凝土承受建筑中最大应力部分、彩虹环和立柱的重量，混凝土材料同时辅以独特的色彩。教堂是按照教区居民的要求设计的，它的供暖由地源热泵提供，对环境友好。

The material of the building follows up on the material mostly used in the surrounding housing estate, which is concrete. It is built on pilots as one dilatation unit. Prestressed reinforced concrete is used for the most strained parts – wreaths and chancels, chancels are covered by moniers constructions. The concrete materials are complemented by distinctive colourful elements. The church is designed as environmentally friendly, as the parishioners requested. Heating is provided by a ground source heat pump.

设计图纸 ▽

完整项目信息

Studio: Atelier Štěpán
Author: Marek Jan Štěpán, principal architect
Co-author:

Vanda Štěpánová, architect
František Brychta, architect
Jan Vodička, architect
Martin Kopecký, architect
Project location: Nezvalova street, Brno – Lesná
Project country: Czech Republic
Project year 1991-1993, 2013-2017
Completion year: 2020
Built-up Area: 1220 ㎡
Usable Floor Area: 2350 ㎡
Plot size: 3000 ㎡
Client: Roman Catholic Parish of Brno-Lesná
Photographer BoysPlayNice
Collaborator Facade drawings: Petr Kvíčala

版权声明：本文由Atelier Štěpán授权发布。欢迎转发，禁止以有方编辑版本转载。

投稿邮箱：media@archiposition.com