石岛山居：“多相”第一次在山里盖房子

编者按：多相工作室在山东威海主持完成了一个精品酒店项目——石岛山居。这是他们第一次在山里盖房子。项目经历了十几版的总图调整，从设计到建成，历时三年。这三年，“场所”、“气氛”与“生活”成为了他们探讨最多的事情，他们希望通过设计，能够回应人的本质需求。

设 计

位置经营

工作室认为建筑不是自足的存在，而是人在天地间的一个立足之地；建筑是一种布局的时候，设计的灵感来自于山、水、树、石、花与门、墙、桥、阶、檐的对话，各部分相对独立又环环相扣。

设计时，工作室会先确定建筑与环境、建筑与建筑之间相对松散的拓扑关系。然后将建筑从精确又固化的几何对位中解放出来。通过局部间的相互影响，不断调整，在震荡中确定每一处场所的精确关系和建筑摆位。项目前后有大概十几版总图，各种位置的微调、布局的变化、方向的扭转等。也许，这是一个精确与模糊之间的游戏。

空间谋变

村落和寺庙建筑，因其拥有良好的生长性、整体性和丰富度，工作室从一开始就将它们作为设计的范例。因为村子里的房子相似，由于具体的条件和需求不一样，又都不一样，它们更像是生长出来的建筑。工作室选择了村落化的布局：围绕小丘，几组台地上的木头房子。

这种松散围合的布局带来了一些冗余的、未被精确定义的空间，产生了模糊的、透气的地方。同时也带来较大的工作量，但好处也非常明显——易于调整，随时与自然对话。同时房子与房子分开了，其弱相关性恰好化解了必然会出现的建造误差。

设计的过程本身也是房子的生长过程。“相地”与“屋宇”结合（《园冶·屋宇篇》），一个房子的位置、功能及周边环境的诉求共同产生一个结果，这个结果是与木结构的结构形式设计糅杂在一起进行的。

在一次次调整中，工作室重新发现了单坡、双坡、四坡顶各自的特性：单坡具有明显的朝向，可以成为承托远山的前景并且与前方景物对话；双坡具有两个面向，可以用来组织前后两个空场，山墙面又易于衔接其他建筑；四坡（各向同坡）的气场很强大，沉着地呼唤着属于自己的一片天地。在一个结构形式下也会进行谋变：是否需要檐下空间，需要营造多深的檐下空间，是否需要去掉角部的柱子营造连续的空间，这些都是房子在生长过程中需要回应的诉求。

体验设计

工作室相信设计本质是在设计体验，形式只是其中的一部分，房子、景观、设施构成场所，而场所是为了体验。

建筑师没有把设计时间全部花在房子上，更多地是放在了想像的生活上。其设计在两组视点中交织进行——屋檐下的人看出去，庭院里的人望过来。在一次次出入、停留、行走的经历中，观景的同时也成为景观。

在地建筑

在设计跟建造的过程中，项目一直在迭代变化。工作室与业主一起，用了一年半的时间来确定建筑设计。石岛山居不是一个随便移植来的东西，它属于北方、属于山东这片土地。

因为场地条件复杂，原始资料不完整，工作室全程驻场变得非常重要。在这过程中，充满了碰撞、优化、迭代、变更，有大量的现场判断和现场调整，许多最终的决定都是在现场完成的。这与范例民居与寺庙建筑有了些许相似之处，它们都是基于在地化的朴素实践。最终，工作室希望石岛山居拥有他们喜爱的健康、正常之美。

提 问

有方：拿到这个项目的时候，最大的难题是什么？

多相：这是我们第一次在山里盖房子，山里的自然很强大。记得第一次去现场，我们就意识到这个项目最大的问题可能就是建筑的布局，怎么才能给房子选对地方？当时我们完全没有经验，心想既然不会处理建筑和自然的关系，那就找一个方便调整的、给自己时间学习的方式，用松散的房子去围合一些院落，“拖延”而缓慢地推进设计，一步步地给房子找到合适的地方。

有方：怎么将建筑打“散”？

多相：这是一开始就萦绕我们心头的问题。按我们理解有两种类型的“散”。

第一种：均质化的“散”，像切块。将大的切小、分开，这些块体的性质是相似的，它们之间的关系是分离。

第二种：“散”是一个开始，像一把种子撒进土壤，每个东西依据自身潜藏的天性和所在之处生长，持续地相互影响，最终在复杂而微妙的相互制约中找到平衡。

第一种“散”是理智的策略，第二种“散”里面蕴含着人们栖居的冲动，有意愿、有感情的影响。

有方：设计判断的依据是什么？

多相：不追求惊奇，希望每个判断是成熟的、是可以生长的、延续的。我们似乎更多地是用常识在工作。在设计的每一个阶段，结构形式、材料交接所依循的原则是朴素的、有利于它生长下去的寻常。

回顾一下过去的这三四年，或许是我们的“民居时代”吧。我们开始重新审视习以为常的“好趣味”，重新建立我们与土地的联系，重新认识每一个基本事物的意义，不愿放过任何一个生活启示。

Shidao Resort, is the first time Duoxiang studio practices in the real nature. From design drawing to the reality, it lasts three years（2013-2015）.

Shidao Resort, located in Weihai,Shandong, belongs to an domestic technology company which origins in Shandong. The original purpose of this project is to create an elegant and healthy leisure place, then the exact function gradually tus out to be characterized as a Boutique cultural hotel through communication. From the site selecting, planning, formulation of the usage requirements, till the development of the motif and content, Duoxiang Studio participated in the whole process. Acting as Chief Designer, Duoxiang Studio completed all designs including architecture, landscape, interior and other Engineering with Collaborators. They identify Shidao Resort as the spiritual home of Goertek, appreciating the meaning of ‘Home’. They hope it could be a response to some of the peoples’ essential requirements. ‘Life’, ‘Atomosphere’, and ‘Place’ become the key conces during three years’ discussion.

Managing Place

Architecture is by no means autonomous. On the contrary, it provides a place for human existence. Place is formed by the relationships between building with the environment, with other buildings, and with people. Architecture becomes an overall layout, the inspiration of which comes from dialogues—dialogues between the mountain, water, trees, stones, flowers and doors, walls, bridges, steps and coices. In every detail there exist various relations. Therefore, they working methodology lies as follows: first, they would define the topography between building and the environment, and between building and other buildings, so as to emancipate ourselves to the rigid geometry and symmetry; then, they would continuously adjust the exact relation and location of each place according to mutual influences between different parts. This is a game between precise and vagueness.

Space Variability

At the beginning, the village and the temple become Duoxiang''s study cases, for their naturalness, completeness and variety. Each building in the village has its own character no matter how similar they look like. That''s because they were built according to various conditions and needs, just like mushrooms growing independently from each other. They choose a layout similar to the village, putting wood buildings into several groups on the platform surrounding the little hill. This comparatively loose layout brings about some redundant, inexact space, which allows vagueness. Though it causes large amounts of working hours, its benefits are also obvious: easy to adjust and to dialogue with the nature. Meanwhile, because of the separation among the buildings, it would surely reduce a large number of construction errors.

The process of design is also the process for the building to grow. The combination of ‘site planning’ and ‘building’, that is to say, the demanding from the location, function and the environment of a building works together to a solution, which is at the same time proceeded with the design of wooden structural form. In each adjustment, designer rediscover the characters of single-pitch, double-pitch and hipped roof: the single-pitch roof has an explicit orientation, which could be used as the foreground of the mountain; the double-pitch has two orientations, which could transit two spaces; the hipped roof has strong existence, which could be put independently on a vacant platform. Even under the same structural form variations could still take place: with or without the space under the coice; the depth of the space under the coice; with or without the coer pillar to create a continuous space. All these instruments respond to the demands in the growing process of the building.

Designing Experience

The team believe that design is about people''s perception, while form is just a part of the design. Places are constituted by buildings, landscape and facilities, which all contributes to perception. They do not occupy our time totally on architectural design. Instead, they spend time on imagining the life, which means, they tu ourselves into users. Their design interwines in two viewpoints: looking out from the space under the coice, and looking back from the garden. During the consistent experiences of coming and going, stay, and wandering, observation becomes being observed at the same time.

Building In-Site

During the long term of design process, the team change over and over again. They work together with their clients, discussing the living mode, establishing common grounds, and finding out proper pursuit. In one year and a half, they finally work out schematic design. They persistently and equally talk to our clients, which makes this building something created both by architect and client. It is not a product that is implanted from somewhere else, nor is it the “art work” out of the architect’s narcissus. It has the character that belongs to the north China, to Shandong Province, as well as the spirit that this place urges. Because of the complicated conditions of the site, and because of the incompleteness and carelessness of the basic information , we encounter large amounts of problems during construction. However, thanks to our on-site working through the entire course, the design is benefited through several changes and transformations, many of which is decided, judged and adjusted on site. Under this working method, the result tus out to be abnormally open, dynamic and rich, much like the models (village and temple) we always study and refer to. Because they are all plain practices rooted in the environment, not the closed and ideal products out of mind. This kind of design presents a kind of beauty that is healthy and not strange.

项目名称：石岛山居（古点·桃园酒店）
工程地点： 山东威海石岛
业主：威海歌尔置业有限公司

设计团队
建筑设计：多相工作室
室内设计：多相工作室+松涛空间设计（北京）有限公司
景观设计：多相工作室+房木生（北京）景观设计有限公司
结构设计：多相工作室
机电工程师：北京洺格绿科工程咨询有限公司
照明设计师：尚逐前沿（北京）装饰设计有限公司
用地面积：9433平方米
建筑面积：7189平方米
项目状况： 2015年建成
建筑摄影：孙海霆、白晨

设计时间
第一设计阶段：2013年3月—2014年10月（建筑施工图交图）；
第二设计阶段：2014年10月—2015年12月（现场设计调整阶段，变更单数量149，联系单数量256）；
建造时间：2014年5月—2015年12月

Project Name: Shidao Resort (Dotcom, Taoyuan Hotel)
Project Location: Shidao, Weihai, Shandong
Client: Goertek Company
Design Team:
Architects: Duoxiang Studio
Interior Designers: Duoxiang Studio + Songtao Space Design Co., Ltd
Landscape Designers: Duoxiang Studio + Farmerson Architects
Structure Designers: Duoxiang Studio
Electricity: Beijing Minglic Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd.
Light: Frontera-Design
Total Site Area: 9433m²
Total Floor Area: 7189m²
Project Year: 2015

Design progress:
The first design stage: 2013.3-2014.10 (Construction drawings)
The second design stage: 2014.10-2015.12(Site design adjustment phase, total number of the Change Orders: 149)
Construction period：May.2014-Dec.2015

编辑：高天霞
校对：林楚杰

版权声明：本文由多相工作室授权有方发布，禁止以有方编辑后版本转载。

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