竞赛获胜方案 | 纽约市艺术保护协会（MAS）总部设计 / 悠洋建筑

编辑：楼樱 | 校对：楼樱 | 2023.03.22 18:25

设计单位 悠洋建筑 UYANG ARCHITECTURE

项目地点 美国纽约

建成状态 竞赛获胜方案

建筑面积 2000平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

纽约市艺术保护协会（MAS）是一个非营利性会员制保护组织，旨在鼓励全市进行深思熟虑的规划和城市设计，从而保护纽约市的历史、文化和社区。这个项目计划重新设计与建设MAS的纽约市总部。办公当然是这个项目的主要功能之一，但为了树立MAS为纽约文化和历史着想、心系纽约市民生活的形象，此建筑需满足多种需求。

The Municipal Art Society (MAS) is a nonprofit, membership-based organization in New York City that encourages thoughtful planning and urban design across the city to preserve the history, culture, and neighborhoods. This project is intended to design and build MAS' headquarters in NYC. Of course, office is one of the main functions of this project, but in order to establish MAS's image of protecting culture, history and the life of New York citizens, this building needs to fulfill multiple needs.

因此，协会主席提出此项目应包含办公、教室、图书馆、咖啡厅、展廊，以及公共论坛。这个公共论坛也将是此项目最重要的功能，因为它将会为各种演讲、讲座、座谈会提供场所，其空间设计也会间接决定纽约市民如何看待MAS在市政功能中的形象。

Therefore, the chairman of MAS proposed that this project should include offices, classrooms, a library, a café, an exhibition hall, as well as the public forum, which is the most important function, for holding lectures, speeches and other social interactions. How the forum can be designed to serve the public decides how the citizens see MAS.

项目所在地块比较特殊，是Meatpacking、West Village和Chelsea三个区的交界处的一块三角地。这三个区，历经二战经济大萧条、后工业时代蓬勃发展、近七十到九十年代的嬉皮文化和经济衰落，以及二十一世纪的城市更新和艺术社区的新建，可以说大起大落一百多年，从而形成了自己独有的，饱含旧的工业时代建筑与新的充满城市生活和艺术气息的综合城市风貌。

The site of the project is quite special — it is a triangular land at the junction of the three districts of Meatpacking, West Village and Chelsea. These three districts have gone through the Great Depression of World War II, the vigorous development of the post-industrial era, the hippie culture and economic decline in the 1970s to 1990s, and the urban renewal and new artistic community development in the 21st century. It can be said that there are ups and downs for more than a century, and it has formed its own unique comprehensive urban style full of old industrial buildings, new urban life and artistic atmosphere.

这个三地交界地块，往西直达高线公园南端起点，也就是Whitney Museum；南侧紧邻一个公共公园，包含两个篮球场，是市民平日室外活动的场所；紧贴地块的是一座公寓楼，但好在面向的主要是公寓楼的垂直交通立面，因此影响不大；北侧紧邻一个高中，其需要较为安静的街道环境。

To the west of the site is the starting point of the southern end of the High Line Park, which is the Whitney Museum; the south of the site is a public park, which is a place for citizens to have outdoor activities, including two basketball courts; close to the site is an apartment (fortunately, it is mainly the facade of the vertical circulation, which has little impact); the north side is a high school, which requires a relatively quiet street environment.

接下来设计就要通过各种策略，让建筑的公共空间从对面的公园开始层层递进，并与周边的工业与艺术气息融为一体，尽可能多地满足市民和办公人员的需要，打造一个城市客厅，完全开放地接纳纽约市民。

Next, various strategies will be applied for designing the building within the context to create a series of public spaces with local industrial and artistic atmosphere to fully accommodate the needs of citizens and office workers, and create an urban living room, fully open to the citizens of NYC.

在体量上，为了让建筑可以更好地与周围地块相连，设计采取了在场地后侧架空一层的方法，让场地完全打开，南北通透；并对建筑后侧体量进行削减，从而形成三角形开放姿态，示意市民进入建筑参观；在建筑后广场主入口处，进行了圆弧角处理，使人流顺畅地进入建筑；最后，在前广场次入口处，削减体量、下沉进入，从而形成较为开阔和亲密的广场空间，并形成立体展示面，使从东向西路过或进入地块的人流能够清楚地看到二层建筑论坛里面在发生的事情。

In terms of massing, in order to allow the building to better connect with the surrounding, the rear side of the site is elevated to completely open and connect north and south; and the volume of the rear side of the building is carved out, In this way, a triangular open posture is formed to signal citizens to visit the building; at the main entrance, the volume of an arc corner is sculptured to make the flow of people enter the building more smoothly; finally, at the front plaza, the volume is shaved off, and the entrance is sunken, so that a relatively open and intimate space is formed, also displaying what is happening on the second floor in the forum for people who travel westbound toward the site.

设计在对最重要空间——公共论坛的处理上，从入口开始，由缓步的楼梯和吊顶形成的曲面，共同塑造一个完全欢迎进入的空间姿态，并在论坛的结尾空间处予以通高二层的体量来增强其公共性与重要性。

In the treatment of the most important space—the public forum, starting from the entrance, the curved surfaces formed by the shallow stairs and the suspended ceiling together create a completely welcoming posture, and the space at the end of the forum is raised to a double-floor volume to enhance its publicity and importance.

在建筑楼层的处理上，通过错层的方式，最高效率利用入口中庭的公共楼梯，将建筑体量东西两侧交错相连。建筑屋顶设计了两个屋顶花园，近处与对面公园相连，远处与高线公园遥相呼应，打造城市公园一角。通过这样一系列策略，空间最终形成了从地下半层或首层开始，私密度逐步向上递进的趋势，其功能依次为咖啡厅、公共论坛、展廊、图书馆、教室、办公室与会议室。

In terms of building floors, the public staircase at the entrance atrium is used most efficiently through the split-level approach, and the east and west sides of the building volume are staggeredly connected. The roof of the building forms two gardens, which are connected to the park across the street, and echoes with the High Line Park in the distance, creating an anchor of the city park. Through such a series of strategies, finally formed, starting from the bottom, the gradual change of increasing spatial privacy, and its functions in sequence are coffee shop, public forum, exhibition gallery, library, classroom, office and conference room.

在建筑技术层面上，建筑的保温和采光对于地处严寒的纽约市的公共建筑尤为重要。通过用参数软件模拟建筑的保温隔热材料、开窗面积、玻璃材料与遮阳措施可以发现，全年每天的舒适度从较多区域处在舒适度范围以外，转变到到绝大多数区域集中在舒适范围内。再加上建筑在夏天多采用自然通风以及冬天主动供暖，则可以较为经济节能地保证使用者的舒适。

In terms of architectural technology, building envelope and lighting are particularly important for public buildings in New York City, which is located in the severe cold climate. By using parametric software to simulate the thermal insulation materials, window areas, glass materials and shading area, it can be found that the daily comfort level throughout the year has changed from mostly outside the comfort zone to mostly concentrated in the comfort zone. Coupled with the use of natural ventilation in summer and heating in winter, eventually it can be pretty economical and energy-saving to ensure the comfort of users.

在采光方面，南侧使用了较多的玻璃幕墙，如果不加以遮挡，必然会采光过度，不适合室内办公。因此，南侧的遮光板至关重要，其多孔金属板孔洞的大小和密度通过测试，最终以直径1¼英寸（约31.75毫米）的尺寸最佳，以最多小时数保证室内有合适的自然采光。

In terms of lighting, a lot of curtain walls are used on the south facade. If they are not shaded, the lighting will inevitably be excessive, which is not suitable for indoor offices. The sizes and density of the hollows on metal panels of the shades are tested, and the diameter of 1 ¼” is finalized to be the best, which can ensure proper natural lighting in the room for the maximum number of hours.

另一个原因选择这样的孔洞和密度是因为，遮光板除了遮阳的作用，还可以用来投影，也起到了绝佳展示用途。不管是传播有利于纽约城市与市民的信息，还是在夏夜播放电影，都将为城市空间注入更多活力。如果孔洞太大太密，则很难形成有效投影，这样的尺度和密度也是经过三维模拟以及真实的模型加以论证，证明了其较好的立面整体性和投影效果。

Another reason for choosing such a size and density is that, in addition to the function of shading, the perforated metal panels can also be used for projection, which is an excellent display space, whether it is showing information about the city and citizens or playing movies on summer nights, it will activate urban spaces even more. If the hollows are too large and too dense, it will be difficult to form an effective projection. Therefore, such size and density are also demonstrated through 3D simulation and real models, which proves its good facade integrity and projection effect.

同时从建筑内部向外看，由于建筑立面离遮阳板较近，所以可以很清楚地让视线穿透，内部的人可以在办公时完全欣赏对面的公园与街景，享受人间烟火的同时也提醒自己为城市和市民服务的使命。

At the same time, looking out from the inside of the building, because it is closer to the metal panels, they can clearly let the line of sight penetrate. You can fully appreciate the park and street view when you are working, which reminds yourself the mission to serve the city and citizens.

在建筑结构上，垂直交通核心筒与楼板为混凝土浇筑，其余部分为钢结构。展廊部分因为需要形成一层架空，所以设计将整个展廊做成高约一层的桁架，提供一层的无柱空间，打造通透的广场。

In terms of building structure, the vertical core and floor slabs are poured with concrete, and the rest are steel structure. Because the exhibition gallery needs to be completely elevated, it is entirely made into a truss of one-floor height to provide a column-free space on the first floor for the main entrance plaza.

南侧的遮阳板面积较大，需要将较为完整的多孔金属板连接到背后的轻钢框架结构，这样的结构会穿透玻璃幕墙与钢柱连接，并达到隔热、防止形成热桥。同时，由于钢框架较大，需辅助钢缆拉结，从而形成轻盈优雅而坚固的建筑形态。由于建筑在低层较为通透，视线与动线可穿越整个地块，所以整个建筑在结构上显得轻盈而精密，仿佛漂浮在城市上空的船只。

The metal shade on the south facade is of a large area, and it is necessary to connect perforated metal panels to the light steel frame structure behind. Such a structure will penetrate the curtain walls and connect to the steel columns, and it will be well insulated to prevent thermal bridges. At the same time, due to the large sizes, steel cables are needed to form a light, elegant and strong steel frame structure. Since the building is relatively transparent on the lower floors, the line of sight and circulations can pass through the entire site, so whole building appears light and delicate structurally, like a ship floating above the city.

在建筑内部空间上，下沉的咖啡厅采用了和室外同样的铺地，显示出一种地下的街头风格；公共论坛与图书馆共用二层通高，并在建筑正立面进行展示，显示出其对公众开放的特性；办公室与其他公共空间相隔，形成较为安静舒适的空间，其末端与南侧遮阳的开洞重叠，形成了有很好的视野的休息区。最后，较低层的屋顶花园与会议室相连，可供员工休息；最顶层的屋顶花园则供予市民使用，使其与南侧公园和高线公园在视觉上连为一体。

In the interior, the sunken cafe adopts the same pavement as the outdoor, showing an underground street style; the public forum and the library share the double-height space, and are displayed on the front facade of the building, which shows its characteristics of being open to the public; the office is separated from other public spaces to form a quieter space, and its triangular end overlaps with the opening on the south facade to form a rest area with a good view; finally, the lower-level roof garden is connected to the meeting room for employees, and the roof garden on top is for citizens, making it visually connected with the south side park and the High Line Park.

最后，在景观上，南侧街道与公园统一重新设计，利用铺装形成强烈的导向性，从而鼓励大家从公园走向建筑进行参观。设计在建筑南侧空出合适的距离后，设有一座小型的看台和投影仪，供人们日常的休息以及观影。

Finally, in terms of landscape, the street on the south and the park are redesigned in a unified way, and the pavement is used to form a strong orientation, thus encouraging people to visit the building from the park. After a suitable distance is left on the south side of the building, there is a small audience space and a projector, for people resting and watching movies.

除了重新配置许多休憩空间与树木，设计还将两个球场置入下沉广场，这样不仅在视线上不会对MAS总部产生任何遮挡，而且会让路过的人更关注到球场上的活动。从室外到室内、从地下到屋顶，充满了各式各样的公共活动。市民们来到这个场地，可以在锻炼体力与脑力中度过一整天，充分享受城市给市民带来的福利，这不仅是好的城市规划与建筑设计，也是MAS创立的宗旨。

In addition to reconfiguring many open spaces and trees, we also placed two basketball courts in the sunken plaza, so that not only will there be no obstruction seeing the MAS headquarters, but also it will make passers-by pay more attention to the activities on the court. From outdoor to indoor, from underground to rooftop, it is full of various public activities. When citizens come to this site, they can spend a whole day exercising their physical and mental strength, and fully enjoy the benefits that the city offers. This is not only good urban planning and architectural design, but also the fundamental aim of MAS.