乌兹堡国家消防学校：交叉的体块 / gmp

编辑：汤鸣 | 校对：崔婧 | 2020.06.19 14:21

项目地点 德国，乌兹堡

设计单位 gmp·冯·格康，玛格及合伙人建筑师事务所（gmp）

建筑面积 7700平方米

建成时间 2016

项目的设计构想是尽量将这一巨大体量与周边异质混杂的城市肌理融为一体。从马林堡的古迹建筑望去，这座建筑在城市中成为一处可被感知的地标。

In spite of its size, the design for the new practice hall of the State Fire Brigade School Würzburg integrates well in the surrounding mixed development area. Seen from the Marienburg historic building, the complex marks a conspicuous point in the urban context.

两块基础体量的排列创造了建筑的整体形象：一栋高层建筑直接插入具有宽大玻璃幕墙，长77米、宽40米、高21米的大厅。统一刷成白色的大厅外墙与屋顶形成超大尺度的“夹子”，固定了高层建筑与大厅两块体量。

A complex overall appearance is created with the help of two basic building volumes; a high-rise building intersects with the generous glass facades of a larger, horizontal hall building, which measures 77 x 40 x 21 meters.

演习大厅的玻璃幕墙将大量自然光引入室内，入口设置了电动门。白天，周边环境倒影在建筑上，夜晚时则通透明亮，使得同时具有训练与承重作用的结构骨架一览无余。

The glass facades of the training hall admit generous amounts of daylight to the interior, and also provide access via integrated lifting gates. During the day the new building reflects its surroundings, while at nightthe interior lighting radiates outwards, offering a view of its sophisticated loadbearing structure, which is also used for training purposes.

在这栋共10层、5500平方米的建筑里，分布了各种基于现实的模拟装置，包括灭火和营救设施、援助支持和防生化设备。在演习大厅内部的巨大清水混凝土墙面上，各种高层塔楼、餐饮场所、酒店、办公室、商店、医院或诊所可能发生的紧急场面一一上演。这些具有不同消防难度等级的情况是消防站每天需要面对的现实。

Spread over ten levels of the building with its 5,500 square meters of floor area, there are installations for the realistic simulation of extinguishing and rescue operations, technical support activities, or ABC deployments. Using the windows and rooms of the solid, fair-faced concrete training structure inside the hall, it is possible to enact scenarios for deployment in high-rise buildings, restaurants, hotel and office premises, at shops, in a hospital, or a medical practice – situations with different degrees of difficulty which have to be faced by the Fire Brigade on a daily basis.

在大厅北部，一栋有着斜坡顶与老虎窗的单户住宅提供了指导训练的场所，同时在大厅外，学员们正在准备迎接一栋多层立面起火的营救挑战。真正的演习中心体量在大厅的这一侧，从玻璃幕墙中凸显而出。演习中心朝向外部的立面，抽象的布局与内部严整划分的立面形成对比：开窗有着不同的材质肌理，看起来似乎随机而跳跃，实则表示了不同的场景设置。倾斜的预制混凝土构成了一处阁楼屋顶，使得严肃规整的立面设计不再显得平庸。

In the northern part of the hall, a single-family house with tiled double-pitched roof and dormer windows provides the opportunity to practice the placement and scaling of ladders, while on the outside of the hall, the trainees are prepared for the challenges of a multi-story facade fire.

大厅西侧有一处带轨道接口的运输平台，一个带有卸货坡道的卡车车库、高货架储藏间、一个有遮挡的基坑，以及“救援支持”及“危险物品”培训区。地下层出于训练目的，设置了一个车库、一间防汛地下室、一个可供人进入操作设备的排水间以及仓库。演习大厅屋顶上设置了用于指导训练的可移动平台。出于节约能源的考量，屋顶上安装了光伏发电板，还建造了200立方米的水井贮藏雨水用于消防演习。

On the west side of the hall there is a haulage company with rail siding, an HGV garage with delivery ramp, and a high-bay warehouse. The space is rounded off with a building pit which can be covered, and with areas for “technical help” and “hazardous substances”training. The basement floor houses an underground car park, a cellar which can be flooded, a walk-in sewer system, and cellar spaces for additional training purposes. Mobile platforms have been installed on the roof of the hall to provide scenarios for the placement and scaling of ladders. Photovoltaic elements have been installed on the main roof to reduce energy consumption, and a 200 cubic meter cistern has been provided to collect rainwater for extinguishing exercises.