印度“土地堡垒”，包裹流动的家族日常 / PMA madhushala

编译：王子萱 | 校对：王子萱 | 2025.12.12 17:57

项目名称 加迪住宅 Gadi House

设计单位 PMA madhushala

项目地点 印度塔莱加奥恩达巴德

建成时间 2020年

建筑面积 650平方米

本文英文原文由PMA madhushala提供，由有方编译。

01 梦想

肩负着马拉塔首领家族的荣耀与血脉，两位兄弟继承者希望为家族建造一座新宅。为了延续家族声望与社会地位，他们希望在祖辈的土地上建造一座如勋章般的建筑，远离城市喧嚣、稳固如堡垒。

Dream - Carrying forward the honor and lineage of a family of Maratha sardars, the present heirs, the two brothers wanted to build a new house for their family. For their honor and societal standing they wished for an ornament of pride, standing strong in their ancestral grounds, beyond the crowds of the city, and secure as a fortress.

几代人以来，他们一直居住在传统的“Wada”宅院中，形成了对受保护的围合空间、内部庭院、宽阔的室外开放区域，以及耕作环境的生活理解。因此，他们希望在7.28亩（1.2英亩）的土地上打造一座建筑，为整个家族打造一个向内聚拢、能独立自给的生活环境。

Since generations they have been living in the traditional ‘Wadas’ and have developed a lifestyle of a similar understanding of a protected envelop, internal courts, large external open areas and farming. Accordingly, they wanted an architectural manifestation on a 1.2 acre of land, for their collective family to create an inward environment which will be independent and self-sustain its existence.

02 概念

因此在设计原则上，项目试图在传统认知与当代生活之间寻找连接。设计理念从当地名为“Gadi”的住宅形态汲取灵感，包括其构成元素、空间布局、装饰细节与开窗方式。

Concept - Thereby in its very principle, there is an attempt to find a link between the traditional understanding and the modern day life. The design philosophy draws inspiration from the regional house form called ‘Gadi’, its elements, spatial planning and details of ornamentations and fenestrations.

“Gadi”如同一座小型堡垒，外墙厚实、安全封闭，内部则拥有庭院、阳台和共享空间，形成开放、半开放到封闭的空间层级。所有这些元素都被重新诠释，以回应现代需求及当代建造体系。

‘A Gadi’ is like a small fortress with thick walls secured from outside, with internal courts, balconies, common areas that create an interesting hierarchy of open, semi open and enclosed spaces. All these elements are then redefined to find solutions that cater to the present modern needs and construction systems.

在这一过程中，建筑既服务当下，又融入传统理解，从而呈现出一种超越时间的存在。

In this process, where architecture is serving the present needs while imbibing traditional understandings, the building then emerges as a timeless entity.

03 组织

空间组织从传统建筑中的“Khand”汲取灵感，这是一种基于单人活动所需尺度推导出的模块，其比例与网格体系可随空间用途灵活调整。

Organization - The spatial organization is inspired from the ‘Khand’ – a module derived from functional space required for a single person in traditional architecture, where a set of proportions and grid have been put in place, that can be modified with different spaces and their purpose.

这些模块以十字形布局排列，角部作为开放的“呼吸空间”向天空敞开，并被赋予不同体验与独立功能。随后，这些模块以升起的体量向上发展，通过层层台阶在不同功能间转折，最终以流动的形式汇聚成贯穿垂直空间的整体。

These modules are then arranged in a cruciform, retaining the corners as breather extensions that are open to the sky and specifically articulated to create different experiences and cater individual functions. Further these modules transform as ascending volumes into levels that are transitioned with steps morphing along the functions and are bound together as amorphous entities into the vertical space.

04 外壳

建筑外形源自“Gadi”（土地堡垒）的概念，以石料和砖块砌成厚墙，将住宅包裹其中，为远离城市的土地提供庇护，同时在围合的内部空间中延展日常生活的细节。

Envelop - The form originates with the idea of a ‘Gadi’ (land fortress), a thick wall made from stone and brick encompassing the house to provide security in the far lands but within itself, celebrating the nuances of life.

外墙选材与美学均遵循传统认知，同时考虑砖与石的结构特性。墙体以水平带状分层向上砌筑，便于施工。更轻盈柔和的砖材，置于底部厚重的石材之上。下层的石墙开口依据带状分层的宽度设置。两种材料的结合在上部转化为蜂窝状的砖拱几何，形成如“冠冕”般的立面形象。蜂窝结构使开口位置与尺寸可根据内部功能灵活调整，同时保持承重体系。

The material and aesthetic characteristics of stone and brick are considered with the traditional understandings while designing the fortress. The structural characteristics of brick and stone are considered with respect to traditional understanding. The walls are built with horizontal bands layered upon vertically for ease in construction with varied spacing. Brick being a light and feminine material tops the stone at the bottom as a muscular base. Openings at lower level in stone are according to the width of the horizontal bands. The amalgamation of both materials is further enhanced with openings made like honeycomb loop structure with brick curves, giving the entire structures a crown like appearance. The honeycomb geometry provides flexibility for location and size of the opening according to the internal functions, all in a load bearing structure.

05 建造

项目强调整合当地工匠的传统建造知识，因此采用一种复合式施工方法，结合天然本地材料与现代混凝土砌块技术，以应对不同结构需求。外侧厚重承重墙被设计用于抵御地震与极端气候。内部结构采用钢筋混凝土砌块，以简化施工、减少材料，避免了楼板和墙体的偏移，使内部空间更加统一整洁。

Construction - There has been a strong focus on the integration of traditional construction knowledge of the local artisans. Correspondingly a composite construction methodology has been adopted, with a palette comprising of both natural, local materials as well as modern concrete block technologies, finding appropriate solutions for different structural implications. The external thick load bearing wall has been designed to resist seismic forces and extreme climatic conditions. The internal structure has been built with Reinforced Concrete Blocks for ease of construction and minimization of material usage, to avoid offsets from slabs and walls imparting a modern language of homogenous and clean interior.

中间的台阶与楼梯采用“Ferrogami”工法制作，以降低主体结构的总重量。

Intermediate steps and staircases have been designed with the “Ferrogami” method reducing overall weight on the main structure.

内部分隔墙使用轻质木材或石材。室内墙面以传统石灰灰泥饰面，使空间内的活动流线无缝衔接，增强了室内的整体空间感；另一方面，外墙则保留砖与石的原始质感。该结构对材料的多功能性进行深入试验，并在现场制作，以促进劳动力的发展并提高他们的知识水平。

The internal partitions have been done in lightweight wood or stone. The inner walls have been rendered with traditional lime stucco to bring seamlessness in the flow of activities inside the spaces enhancing the overall interior volume. On the other hand, the external walls celebrate the rawness of the original materials like brick and stone. The structure intends to intensively experiment with the versatility of the materials and was crafted on the site promoting the labour and enhancing their knowledge.

06 可持续

在对永恒性的探索中，这座住宅被设计为可跨世代延续，通过被动式系统保持室内舒适，并最大限度降低能耗。建筑对自然环境高度敏感，因此根据气候条件进行设计与朝向布置，以最大限度利用自然采光、通风以及节水与节能措施。

Sustainability - In the search of timelessness, the house is adapted to sustain over generations with passive systems that maintain suitable living conditions inside the house and minimizing energy usage. It is sensitive to its natural environment, is designed and oriented accordingly and implies maximum use of natural techniques for light, ventilation as well as water and energy conservation.

建筑内部设有风塔实现自然降温，并通过多处带植栽的内庭及开口形成“文丘里效应”，制造正负压区域。住宅的能源来自倾斜屋顶及车棚上的光伏板。雨水收集系统与污水处理系统相结合，为菜园提供灌溉用水。菜园具备满足家族日常需求的潜力，使生活更独立。

The structure contains wind towers for natural cooling and multiple internal courts with plantation and openings producing ‘Venturi effect’ with negative and positive air pressure zones. The building consumes energy from photovoltaic solar panels placed upon sloping roofs and parking shed. Along with rain water harvesting system, proper sewage treatment has been planned which provides water for the kitchen garden. The kitchen garden has the potential to suffice the daily needs of the family for an independent living.

这座房子可被视为一家人日常活动从上到下的流动，穿插着停顿与庆祝的节点，以传统与现代环境交织的方式呈现，并以可持续且自给自足的生活方式串联起来。

The house can be regarded as a flow of everyday household activities from top to bottom with intermediate pause points and celebratory spaces bound together in a symphony of traditional and modern built environment with a sustainable and independent living approach.