立在旷野中：捷克Nesvačilka圣母教堂 / RCNKSK

编译：袁蓓祺 | 校对：袁蓓祺 | 2024.10.28 11:45

设计单位 RCNKSK

项目地点 捷克南摩拉维亚州

建成时间 2024年

建筑面积 186平方米

本文英文文字由设计单位提供，由有方编译。

一百多年来，Nesvačilka村的人们一直希望建设一座小教堂，一个可供自省的场所，一个可以让他们在一起聚会的空间。当地的神父进一步提出愿景：建造一座既能塑造周围景观，又能影响这个地方的文化、社会和遗产的建筑。

For over a hundred years, the people of Nesvačilka longed for a chapel, a place of spiritual reflection, a space where they could gather as a community of faith. Father René Strouhal, together with the parishioners, shared not only this desire but also a vision: to create a building that would not only shape the surrounding landscape but would also influence the culture, society, and heritage of this place.

作为建筑师，当时的我并不知道，建造这一教堂的旅程将长达12年。

Little did I know at the time that this decision would set us on a twelve-year journey.

南摩拉维亚州的地势起伏平缓，一望无际的田野绵延不绝。Nesvačilka村自巴洛克时期诞生以来几乎没有什么变化，保留着最初的布局。村子上方的一片高地一直没被开发，从远处就能看到，房屋从这里自然延伸。

The gently undulating landscape of southern Moravia is vast, with endless fields stretching as far as the eye can see. Nesvačilka has changed little since its baroque inception, with its original layout preserving an elevated spot above the village where the settlement naturally ascends and is visible from afar.

这里似乎天生匹配巴洛克式开垦土地的理想——强调人类对自然的征服。在这片土地上看不到森林或岩石，只有土壤和田地。而使用石材和木材等当地罕见的天然材料来建造，具有象征意义，如同将信仰带给焦渴的土地。

This site seemed destined to fulfill the baroque ideals of cultivating the land – a land where no forests or rocks are in sight, only soil and fields. The use of natural materials, rare in this region, such as stone and wood, holds symbolic significance: to bring faith into a parched landscape.

我将建筑的概念设定为一个“中心”，它将矗立在山丘上，如同一座灯塔，在空间和精神上指明方向。

I chose the concept of a central structure, one that would stand on the hilltop as a beacon, a point of orientation both in space and in spirit.

当地人选择以圣母玛利亚为小教堂命名，纪念她所承受的苦难。她的故事和情感在这里以各种方式表达。

The locals selected Our Lady of Sorrows as the chapel’s patroness, symbolizing the suffering she endured. Her story and emotions are reflected in the space.

建筑的地面以场地上的灰尘和泥土为材料铺就。立面下部由片麻岩石块构成，代表着顽固、不听话、难以塑造的人类。七根木梁从这些石头中升向天空，象征着玛利亚“七苦”。

Upon the dust and soil of this place, which form the floor, we build a temple. The lower section, made of gneiss stones, represents us – stubborn, disobedient, and difficult to mold. From these stones, seven beams rise toward the heavens, symbolizing the Seven Sorrows of Mary, connecting us to God.

建筑天花板如同一幕帷纱，象征着圣母之泪。精巧的木结构与小窗户交织在一起，让阳光随时都能照进小教堂的中心。

From the sky falls a veil of Mary’s tears, weeping over us. The delicate wooden structure, interwoven with small windows, allows sunlight to penetrate the heart of the chapel at all times.

建筑四周以苦路环绕，并在通往小教堂的主路两边种植苹果树，后面的果园则与周围的田野相融合。

The building is encircled by a ring of the Stations of the Cross, complemented by apple trees, which form an avenue leading to the chapel, and an orchard behind it connecting to the surrounding fields.

该建筑结构融合了传统与现代。中世纪的建筑技术是该设计的灵感来源，但项目也结合运用了现代技术。

The structure blends tradition with modernity. The construction is inspired by medieval building techniques, in dialogue with modern technologies.

地面由土壤夯实而成，墙壁由开采的石块砌筑。立面上半部分的支撑结构由上千个木制构件组成，构件的加工过程采用了现代的数控铣床，而连接方式沿用了传统的木钉和楔子。跨越核心空间的15米长木梁以手工凿刻，屋顶上采用了钢制的尖顶。

The floor is made of compacted, rammed earth, while the walls are made of quarried stone. The supporting lamellar structure, made from a thousand wooden elements, traditionally joined with pegs and wedges, was crafted using CNC milling. The fifteen-meter-long beams are hand-carved, freely traversing the space, crowned by a steel spire on the roof.

5米高的大门将访客引向中央充满活力的空间，木梁和木结构围护吸引着人们向上看。

Upon entry, you are greeted by five-meter-high doors, open into a dynamic space. The perspective of the beams and surrounding structure draws you upward.

建成后的小教堂，体现出一种超越了时间的魅力。其建筑表达、光线、声音和气味共同塑造了体验。天然、触感细腻、工艺精湛的材料，让人们忘记日常生活的琐碎烦恼。

The chapel transcends time. What you experience is its expression, the play of light, acoustics, and scent. The materials are natural, tactile, and imbued with craftsmanship, aiming to lift you beyond the everyday.

选择材料时，我们的一个关键标准是材料能够随着时间增添它的魅力，其品质会随着时间逐渐提升而不是降低。

A key factor in material choice was the ability to age beautifully, enhancing rather than diminishing their quality over time.

整个建筑的资金都来自捐款，这延长了建造的周期。不过，这段时间也让我得以认真地审视和推敲设计，仔细考虑技术和意义象征等各方面，确保项目得到一丝不苟地执行。出于对细节的关注，我通过与施工方的密切合作制作了施工和构件生产图纸，并根据资金和技术限制完善了流程。

The entire construction was funded by donations, which extended the building time. However, this period allowed me to critically reassess the design and carefully consider the technical and symbolic aspects, ensuring meticulous execution. Close collaboration with the builders and attention to detail led me to produce both the construction and production documentation, refining the processes in line with financial and technical constraints.