华工设计院新作：江门五邑大学体育馆

编辑：方嘉泓（实习） | 校对：李博超 | 2024.08.05 18:55

设计单位 华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司

项目地点 广东江门

建成时间 2024年

建筑面积 40826.94平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

五邑大学综合体育馆项目，位于江门市五邑大学校区北地段，包含一座篮球馆和一座综合体育馆。其中，篮球馆建筑高度为23.10米，地下一层，地上二层；综合体育馆建筑高度为48.40米，地上五层。

The Wuyi University Comprehensive Gymnasium project is located in the northern part of the Wuyi University campus in Jiangmen City. It includes a basketball gymnasium and a comprehensive gymnasium. Among them, the building height of the basketball stadium is 23.10m, with one underground floor and two above-ground floors; The building height of the comprehensive gymnasium is 48.40m, with five floors above ground.

两个场馆通过二层平台相连并组织独立的入口流线，实现空间上的互通与造型上的统一。设计通过挖空、架空、错动等手法，弱化建筑体量，减少大体量对周边环境的压迫感。建筑局部架空，让校园景观和视线得以渗透和穿越，也是气候适应的体现。项目不仅具备体育馆功能，同时结合立体绿化，成为学生的休闲活动空间，呼应新时代的开放式教育模式。

The two venues are connected through the second-floor platform and organize independent entrance flow lines to achieve spatial connectivity and unity in shape. The design uses hollowing, overhead, staggered and other methods to weaken the building volume and reduce the sense of pressure of large volume on the surrounding environment. The building is partially elevated, allowing the campus landscape and line of sight to penetrate and cross, and is also the embodiment of climate adaptation. The project not only has the function of a gymnasium, but also combines three-dimensional greening to become a leisure activity space for students, echoing the open education mode of the new era.

1、集约式的立体运动场馆

Intensive three-dimensional sports stadium

体育馆所在场地原来是校园的单层风雨篮球场，随着校园办学规模的不断扩大，原有的体育活动场地远远不能满足学生的需求。为了能在有限的校园用地内，获得更多的体育活动面积，新建的体育馆采用集约化和立体化的设计，增加了室内的运动空间，同时让校园原有的室外球场用地得以保留。

The site where the gymnasium is located was originally the single-storey basketball court of the campus. With the continuous expansion of the scale of the campus, the original sports venues are far from meeting the needs of students. In order to obtain more space for sports activities within the limited campus land, the new gymnasium adopts an intensive and three-dimensional design to increase the indoor sports space, while allowing the campus to retain the original outdoor court land.

新建的体育馆包含一座23米高的篮球专业比赛场馆和一座48.4米高的高层综合训练场馆，两馆通过二层平台相连并组织独立的入口流线。其中，篮球比赛馆共2853个观众席（含活动看台）；综合馆共五层，首层和二层为篮球场和排球场，三层为架空的多功能运动服务区域，四层为羽毛球场，五层为网球场。

The new stadium consists of a 23-meter high basketball arena and a 48.4-meter high high-rise integrated training arena, which are connected by a second-floor platform and organize separate entrance routes. Among them, the basketball stadium has a total of 2853 spectators (including active stands); The comprehensive hall has five floors, the first and second floors are basketball courts and volleyball courts, the third floors are multi-functional sports service areas, the fourth floors are badminton courts, and the fifth floors are tennis courts

2、适应气候的被动式建筑形体

Climate-adapted passive building form

传承岭南建筑强调灵动、通透、架空的设计手法，体育馆地上建筑由5个盒子错动叠合而成，一定程度上削弱了超大体量对校园环境，包括旁边宿舍的压迫感。

Inheriting Lingnan architecture emphasizes flexible, transparent and overhead design techniques. The above-ground building of the gymnasium is composed of five boxes staggered and superimposed, which to some extent reduces the pressure of the oversized volume on the campus environment, including the adjacent dormitory.

盒子的悬挑和架空，形成了约14米通高的主入口空间，同时也建立起不同标高的公共活动平台体系。多处架空的半室外空间，一方面让自然风得以穿越建筑，保持区域环境的自然能量平衡；另一方面，把风引导到建筑不同的立面，通过可开启外窗把风引进室内，结合屋面均匀布置的可开启采光天窗，形成热压通风效果，满足过渡季的自然通风。这样的被动式形体设计，可以有效降低项目10%的运行能耗。

The cantilevered and elevated boxes form the main entrance space with a height of about 14 meters, and also establish a public activity platform system with different elevations. On the one hand, a number of elevated semi-outdoor Spaces allow natural wind to pass through the building and maintain the natural energy balance of the regional environment; On the other hand, the air is directed to different facades of the building, the air is introduced into the interior through the open exterior Windows, and the hot pressure ventilation effect is formed in combination with the evenly arranged skylight of the roof, which can be opened to meet the natural ventilation in the transition season. This passive form design can effectively reduce the project's operating energy consumption by 10%.

3、多功能体育空间一体化的空间布局

Climate-adapted passive building form

高层训练馆平面综合考虑不同类型运动场地的尺寸，选用单向两跨（33.6米+17.8米）的大跨度混凝土框架结构，使场地尽可能大，且满足不同运动场地组合的尺寸要求。在训练馆五层即顶层，利用钢结构金属屋面的大跨度优势，采用抽柱方式形成大空间，既满足了网球场地的尺寸要求，也节省了建设投入。训练馆净高兼顾各种运动的要求，保证后期运营可以根据不同需求，灵活转换场地功能。

The plan of the high-rise training hall comprehensively considers the dimensions of different types of sports venues, and selects the long-span concrete frame structure with one-way two spans (33.6m+17.8m) to make the venue as large as possible and meet the size requirements of different sports venues. On the fifth floor of the training hall, that is, the top floor, the advantage of steel structure metal roof is used to form a large space by pumping columns, which not only meets the size requirements of the tennis court, but also saves construction investment. The net height of the training hall takes into account the requirements of various sports, ensuring that the later operation can flexibly change the site function according to different needs.

篮球馆采用固定看台和活动看台相结合的设计，有利于形成多种使用模式。全部看台启用时，坐席数为2853座，可以举办专业的篮球、排球等各类球赛，同时也满足举办文艺汇演、大型会议、各类典礼的需求。活动看台收起时，首层比赛场地可以转换成2个篮球场或排球场、10个羽毛球场，二层活动看台区域可以设置乒乓球或其他文娱场地，可以满足学校全天候举办各种活动的多元化需求。

The basketball hall adopts the design of the combination of fixed bleachers and active bleachers, which is conducive to the formation of a variety of use modes. When all the stands were opened, the seating capacity was 2853, which could hold professional basketball, volleyball and other kinds of ball games, but also meet the needs of artistic performances, large-scale conferences and various ceremonies. When the event stands are closed, the first floor competition venue can be converted into 2 basketball courts or volleyball courts, 10 badminton courts, and the second floor event stand area can be set up table tennis or other recreational venues, which can meet the diversified needs of the school to hold various activities all day long.

4、形式结合功能的绿色表皮

A green skin of form and function

为尽量满足体育馆大部分时间的低负荷运行，我们希望通过外立面表皮的设计，实现美观与节能降耗的有机结合。

In order to meet the low load operation of the stadium most of the time, we hope to realize the organic combination of beauty and energy saving through the design of the facade.

外表皮采用玻璃纤维增强混凝土预制板（UHPC）, 将岭南传统民居的回字型花格窗，结合中国传统编织工艺的表达，通过巧妙的立体错位排列的方式，让表皮肌理在光影的变化之下，更具层次感和韵律美。

The outer skin adopts glass fiber reinforced concrete prefabricated panel (UHPC), which combines the back-shaped lattice Windows of Lingnan traditional folk houses with the expression of traditional Chinese weaving technology. Through the clever three-dimensional displacement arrangement, the skin texture has a more layered sense and rhythmic beauty under the changes of light and shadow.

除了美观以外，外遮阳系数小于0.70的外表皮，起到很好的遮阳作用，在夏季为体育馆创造了一个热缓冲区域，有效阻挡过多的太阳辐射热，大大减少了建筑获得的太阳热量。与此同时，镂空的表皮设计也改善了室内眩光，提升运动过程中的舒适度。表皮背后以及屋顶的可开启外窗带来了自然采光，可以降低场馆18%的照明能耗，实现绿色低碳的设计目标。

In addition to aesthetics, the outer skin with an outer shading coefficient of less than 0.70 plays a good shading role, creating a heat buffer area for the stadium in summer, effectively blocking excessive solar radiant heat, and greatly reducing the solar heat gain of the building. At the same time, the hollow skin design also improves indoor glare and improves comfort during exercise. Open exterior Windows behind the skin and on the roof bring natural light and reduce the lighting energy consumption of the venue by 18%, achieving the green and low-carbon design goal.

5、呼应未来创新教育模式的共享式文体教育综合体

A shared cultural and sports education complex that echoes the future innovative education mode

设计回应当下教育模式对空间的需求，体育馆不仅具备明确的体育锻炼功能，也是一个多功能的活动场所，将尽可能容纳学生的多种非正式学习与交流的空间需求。

The design responds to the need for space in the current educational model. The gymnasium not only has a clear physical exercise function, but also is a multi-functional activity place that will accommodate students' various informal learning and communication space needs as much as possible.

体育馆主要入口设于二楼，两个建筑之间形成一个40米×15米左右的二层广场空间，可满足学生的小型社团活动以及户外休闲活动；入口北侧要抬高的立体景观，结合休息台阶，可成为一个非正式的演出场所，学生可以举办小型的演唱表演等。除此以外，体育馆在不同标高均融入多种尺度的户外、半户外活动空间，丰富了整个体育馆的活动功能。

The main entrance of the gymnasium is located on the second floor. Between the two buildings, a two-floor square space of about 40 meters X15 meters is formed, which can meet the needs of students' small club activities and outdoor leisure activities. The elevated three-dimensional landscape on the north side of the entrance, combined with the rest steps, can become an informal performance place where students can hold small singing performances. In addition, the stadium integrates various scales of outdoor and semi-outdoor activity Spaces at different elevations, enriching the activity function of the entire stadium.

为了进一步提升空间的舒适性，方案设计充分考虑了活动空间本身的可达性、生态性、岭南气候适应性等，并且在灯光照明等基础用电条件也进行充分考虑。

In order to further improve the comfort of the space, the scheme design fully considers the accessibility, ecology and climate adaptability of the activity space itself, and also fully considers the basic electricity conditions such as lighting.