2014年,阿尔瓦罗·西扎受邀为Monte da Lapa进行保护与改造设计。当时,这里仿佛“贫民窟”,是一个连波尔图当地人都未必知道的地方,房屋或是破败不堪,或是已被原住户抛弃。
坐落于波尔图的中心老城与城市西侧新开发区域之间,这片明显高于四周的土地,曾在19世纪的波尔图围城战中成为双方争夺的堡垒。后来,随工业化涌入城市的人们在这里建立起一排排被称为“岛屿”的工人住房,1974—1976年的SAAL计划曾试图在解决住房危机的同时,将波尔图的众多“岛屿”整合进城市结构,西扎当时也是深度参与该计划的建筑师之一。而对于Monte da Lapa这次改造,西扎在一次采访中说,他要怀揣与SAAL时期同样的热情,去留住、连接和展示这些历史建筑,并将它们转变成城市肌理的一部分。
最终的设计成果由多个组团构成:一座新建的带有6间客房的小旅馆(D),制高点上的磨坊更新改造而成的自助餐厅(B),多用途住房(C),可以租给游客的小公寓(E),以及为原居民修复的回迁住房(A)。文末将附有各组团详细图纸。
以下设计说明原文由阿尔瓦罗·西扎撰写,由Álvaro Siza Vieira Arquiteto提供,有方翻译。照片均为建成后状态。
Monte da Lapa是一座充满历史气息的废弃城堡,其顶端有一座磨坊,磨坊通过一条花岗岩材质的“之”字形巧妙通道与外界连接。
Monte da Lapa was an abandoned acropolis full of history that was crowned by a mill with a cleverly zig-zagging access path in granite.
场地的一部分被一排排工人阶级住房(当地人称之为“岛屿”)占据,这些住房原本住着在波尔图第一波工业化浪潮中受吸引来到这座城市的工人。其所采用的居住模式显然受到了18、19世纪英国城市中布局方式的影响,即在老城中心的周围形成一圈紧凑的环形区域。
The site was partially occupied by islands, housing rows built for the working class, which was attracted by the first wave of industrialisation in Porto. The adopted model, which apparently was influenced by the British presence in the city in the 18th and 19th centuries, resulted in a compact ring around the historic city centre.
1974—1976年的SAAL(Serviço Ambulatório de Apoio Local)项目试图保持原有的住房,但转变了其最初的设计理念,赋权它成为一种对周边开放、沟通的城市结构,使它拥有面对城市的权利。
It was an occupation SAAL sought to maintain, inverting the original design and giving it the right to be an open and communicating urban fabric: the right to the city.
我受邀对该场地进行保护和改造设计。
I was invited to produce a preservation and transformation design of the site.
场地上的磨坊,曾在19世纪自由派和米格尔一世的支持者之间的战斗中,被用作瞭望哨和通信站,现在这里成了一个新的自助餐厅。一家新建的仅有6个客房的小旅馆,则占据了一处军事设施(已拆除)的原址。
The mill, once used as a lookout and communication post in the fighting between the Liberals and supporters of Prince Miguel, became the location of a new cafeteria. A small hotel of just six rooms was built on a plot that was previously home to since demolished military installations.
在与仍住在场地上的“岛屿”居民协商后,我们对一些破旧但仍有人居住的房屋进行了翻新,项目最终形成了28套不同类型的住房,分布在三个核心组团。
Parts of the islands, formerly dilapidated but with some houses still lived in, were renovated following negotiations involving residents, giving rise to 28 new dwellings of various types, in three new nucleuses.
该设计旨在将城堡还给城市,将“岛屿”归还给城市的其他部分,同时服务于新老居民、游客、学生,以及其他希望(重新)发现这个地方的独特魅力的市民。
The aim of the design was to give the city back its acropolis and return the islands to the remaining urban fabric while serving old and new residents, tourists, students and other citizens who wish to (re)discover this unique place.
完整项目信息
PROJECTO DE ARQUITECTURA: Álvaro Siza Vieira
Coordenadora: Francisca Lopes e Siddartha Rodrigo (até 2017)
Colaboradores:
Clara Álvarez de Toledo
Maria Souto Moura
José Luís Carvalho Gomes
PROJECTO DE ESTRUTURAS: AB, Projectos
Ana Vale
BEST project
Ricardo Santos
PROJECTO DE ÁGUAS E SANEAMENTO: AB, Projectos
Miguel Vale
INSTALAÇÕES ELÉCTRICAS E ITED: CPX
Luís Oliveira
PROJECTO DE MECÂNICA: GET, Gestão de Energia Térmica
Raúl Bessa
PROJECTO ACÚSTICO: Amplitude Acoustics
Rui Ribeiro
EMPRESA DE CONSTRUÇÃO: Pedra Líquida
CLIENTE: Pedra Líquida
Alexandra Coutinho
LOCALIZAÇÃO: Monte da Lapa, Porto, Portugal
本文由Álvaro Siza Vieira Arquiteto及Pedro Cardigo授权有方发布,导语参考自葡萄牙AMAG出版社Monte da Lapa。欢迎转发,禁止以有方编辑版本转载。
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