设计单位 李布斯金工作室
项目地点 荷兰阿姆斯特丹
建成时间 2021年9月
场地面积 1700平方米
“二战”结束75年后,荷兰建成了首个缅怀在荷兰大屠杀中遇难的10.2万名荷兰人的纪念碑,记录大屠杀中没有墓碑的荷兰犹太人、辛提人和罗姆人的姓名。
More than 75 years after World War II, a memorial dedicated to the more than 102,000 Dutch victims of the Holocaust will finally be realized. The memorial contains the names of all Dutch Jew, Sinti and Roma Holocaust victims that have no marked grave.
荷兰奥斯威辛委员会主席Jacques Grishaver说道:“有一个地方可以缅怀逝者,对他们的亲友来说是意义非凡的:大屠杀遇难者的名字永不被遗忘。该纪念碑将过去、现在,和未来串联在一起,不只是为了经历过战争的人,也是为了那些没有经历过战争的人——他们的子孙后代们。这座纪念碑能提高人们对战争后果的认知,鼓励人们从战争中学习和反思。”
“For the bereaved, it is of inestimable value to have a place where they can remember their loved ones. It means that the names of Holocaust victims will not be forgotten. Moreover, the memorial forms a trait d'union between past, present and – importantly – future. Remembrance is not only for those who lived through the war but also for those who did not experience it – the children and grandchildren and following generations. In addition, the memorial raises historical awareness of where wars can lead, while also encouraging people to reflect on and learn from World War II,” explains Jacques Grishaver, chairman of the Dutch Auschwitz Committee.
△ 项目视频 ©Stijn Poelstra
纪念碑坐落于犹太文化区的重要轴线Weesperstraat上,毗邻Hermitage博物馆,东侧是Diaconie的Hoftuin花园与咖啡馆,距离阿姆斯特河仅一步之遥,附近还有犹太历史博物馆、葡萄牙犹太教堂等重要的犹太文化机构。
Situated along the Weesperstraat, an important axis within the Jewish Cultural Quarter, the Names Memorial is adjacent to the Hermitage Museum, East of the Diaconie’s verdant Hoftuin garden and café, just a stone’s throw from the Amstel River and in close proximity to important Jewish cultural institutions such as the Jewish Historical Museum and the Portuguese Synagogue.
1700平方米的纪念碑由四个体块组成,形体对应希伯来语单词“לזכר”(纪念)。这些体块沿主干道Weesperstraat南北方向呈直线排列,西侧是Hoftuin展馆。
The 1,700 square meter memorial incorporates four volumes that represent the letters in the Hebrew word לזכר meaning “In Memory of”. The volumes are arranged in a rectilinear configuration on the north-south axis of the main thoroughfare Weesperstraat and the Hoftuin pavilion to the West.
游客进入纪念碑,会看到由两米高的砖墙连成的通道,上面附有纪念信息。四个体量均由镜面不锈钢制作而成,堆叠于砖墙之上。10.2万块砖块被刻上遇难者的姓名、年龄和生日。此外,还留有1000块空白的砖块,以纪念未留下姓名的遇难者。
As visitors enter the memorial they will encounter passages articulated by two meter high brick walls carrying the message of Remembrance. Each of the four volumes is crafted from mirror finished stainless steel that hovers above the walls of individually stacked bricks. 102,000 bricks will each be inscribed with a the first and last name, along with their age and birthday, giving a tangible quantification to the many casualties, as well leaving 1000 blank bricks that will memorialize the unknown victims.
丹尼尔·李布斯金表示:“在荷兰大屠杀中,犹太遇难者的人数最多。国家大屠杀姓名纪念碑是第一座纪念荷兰大屠杀遇难者的纪念碑,也是阿姆斯特丹第一座这种类型的纪念碑。我作为大屠杀幸存者的后代,参与这项工作对我的意义很重要。我希望这里能成为一处沉思与希望之地,警醒人们要与各种形式的仇恨做抗争。”
“The Dutch lost the largest percentage of their Jewish population in the Holocaust. The National Holocaust Memorial of Names is the first Holocaust memorial to commemorate the Dutch victims and the first of its kind in Amsterdam,” said architect Daniel Libeskind. “My personal connection as a child of Holocaust survivors has made it increasingly important to be a part of this significant project. I hope it will become a place for contemplation, hope, and an important reminder to fight hate in all its forms for the people of the Netherlands and beyond,” added Libeskind.
砖是荷兰乃至西欧城市中最为常见的材料,其与镜面不锈钢组成的希伯来语字母相结合,体现出荷兰历史与当下之间的联系。砖块与金属的交接处会有一条狭窄的缝隙,产生出一种钢制字母悬浮其上的错觉,象征着荷兰人历史与文化的中断。这种悬空,亦或是“透气口”,将街区与荷兰犹太家庭缺失的未来分离。纪念碑还有设有互动的元素,允许游客按名字在砖旁放置石头,类似于人们在墓前纪念逝者的方式。
The materiality of the brick—a ubiquitous material of The Netherlands and throughout the cities of Western Europe – paired with the highly reflective and geometric forms of the steel letters reference the connection between the Netherlands past and present. At the intersection of the brick and metallic forms is a narrow void that creates the illusion that the steel letters are hovering above and represents an interruption in the history and culture of the Dutch people. This suspended emptiness, or ‘Breath of Air’, detaches the neighborhood from a future in which Dutch-Jewish families went missing. The memorial will have an interactive element that will allow visitors to place stones by the names on the bricks, similar to the way one honors the dead at a grave.
路面低于街道,由轻质且稳定的砾石组成,将四个体量串联起来。开放空间与人行道上还放置了几个简单的石块,为沉思提供了一处休息之地。
Below street level, the floors around the walls are of a light stabilized gravel create a path through the four volumes. Simple stone blocks are placed in the open spaces and walkways to provide a resting place for contemplation and reflection.
纪念碑北邻地铁口,东邻街道,往来的人们在任何时候都可以看到这个漂浮的不锈钢块。光线与反射(自我及周边城市的反射),让人们认识在这场大屠杀中逝去的生命,了解到这场大屠杀的历史。
Situated next to a subway station to the north and a roadway to the east, the floating polished steel volumes will be visible to commuters during all hours. Light and Reflection (self-reflection as well as reflection from the street and the city that surrounds it) are necessary for a meaningful understanding of what happened and the lives lost in the catastrophe of the Holocaust.
模型照片 ▽
完整项目信息
Site area: 1700 sq.m.
Program: Memorial with over 102,000 names of victims of the Holocaust engraved on bricks
Materials
Walls: Brick with concrete support walls Stainless Steel Volumes for Letters
Bronze cladding as surrounding walls Hedges to contour the area
New trees to locate the more intimate squares Natural stone benches
Landscaping: Studio Libeskind in cooperation with Rijnboutt
Design start: 2016
Construction: 2019
Opening: September 19, 2021
Construction Cost: 15 Million EUR
Client: Dutch Auschwitz Committee (Nederlands Auschwitz Comité)
Design Architect: Studio Libeskind (New York)
Daniel Libeskind, Design Architect Stefan Blach, Partner-in-Charge Johan van Lierop, Principal
Alex Tahinos, Designer
Architect of Record: Rijnboutt (NL)
General Contractor: Koninklijke Woudenberg (NL) Project Management:Paul Rohlfs
Construction
Management: Aumento bv
Construction: IMd Raadgevend Ingenieurs Brick ManufacturerRodruza
Masonry: Metselwerk Adviesbureau Vekemans
Stainless Steel: AIP partners BV, ABT
Engravings: Reijnders Engraving and Laser Engineering B.V.
Installations: Swart installatietechniek
Photography: Kees Hummel
Video: Stijn Poelstra
版权声明:本文由Studio Libeskind授权发布。欢迎转发,禁止以有方编辑版本转载。
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