桥上教学楼：盐城外国语学校创新中心 / PERFORM普泛建筑

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2021.12.03 20:06

设计单位 Perform普泛建筑

项目地点 江苏盐城

建成时间 2019年7月

建筑面积 7600平方米

项目背景

盐城外国语学校是一所在既有中学校舍基础上扩建的外语特色学校。在学校成立之初的2016年，办学方光华教育集团委托设计团队打造一栋全新的综合性教学大楼，一方面回应扩大了的办学规模，另一方面传递新学校的创新教育理念。

Yancheng Foreign Language School (YCFLS) is a newly established school by adopting an existing middle school campus. In the face of increasing enrollment, YCFLS sought to build a new learning complex and simultaneously reflect the changing philosophies and values of a modern campus.

▲ 项目视频 ©直译建筑摄影

盐城在历史上曾盛产海盐，由于盐业运输以及后来水利疏浚的原因，整个城市水系河道纵横密布，素有“百河之城”之称。众多的河道中就有其中一条河正好从校园中部横穿而过，把校园划分成了南侧的教学区和北侧的宿舍区。

Yancheng, literally “Salt City” in Chinese, was a major producer of salt for two millennia. Due to the high demand for waterways to transport the salt, the city is riddled with rivers and canals. One of these rivers runs through the campus, dividing it into the Teaching Zone on the south and the Dorm Zone on the north.

选址

这栋新教学楼应该建在校园内何处？校方最早建议建在西侧的小树林场地内，但校园当时给人的第一感受是比较空旷，教学区与宿舍区之间被河道和广场隔开，仅靠一座功用性的水泥路桥连接，显得有些疏远和淡漠。如果把新教学楼建在小树林内，并不能改善教学区与宿舍区之间的连接性。

Where would be the best location for the new building? The school originally considered the site in the grove on the west part of the campus. However, when we visited the campus, the first impression was that it felt empty and vast, and the teaching zone and the dorm zone were isolated by the river and the central plaza. If the new building were to be built in the grove site, it would not help the connectivity between the teaching zone and the dorm zone.

另外，贯穿校园的小河作为一个宝贵的景观资源，却极少得到利用，两岸的外部空间大多采取背向河道的姿态。团队认为这次新建不仅是教学空间规模的扩大，也是一次对校园结构重新梳理、环境整体提升的契机。

In addition, as a precious resource, the campus river was rarely taken advantage of to be part of the landscape scenery or outdoor experience. Most of outdoor spaces faced away from the river. We see the new building not only a space expansion, but also an opportunity to reorganize the existing campus structure and upgrade the overall campus experience.

经过与校方的沟通，几条规划策略成为主导：

A few new planning strategies became clear after discussion with the school.

第一，保留小树林，新建教学楼选址在校园东西、南北两条轴线交汇处附近，东西两个半区的各自特征将更为明确，西半区的主题是自然与运动，东半区在纳入新教学楼后，则是一个尺度更亲切的学习生活的复合场所；

Firstly, the grove site will not be selected. The new learning complex is to be built near the intersection of the campus east-west axis and the north-south axis. The characteristics of the east and west halves will be clearer. The main theme of the western half is nature and sports. The eastern half, hopefully with the new learning complex, will be a more intimate mixed compound for learning and living.

第二，在新建场地及周边，通过架空、廊道、亲水平台等措施，提升步行空间的连接性和舒适度，塑造一个通达性和停留性俱佳的校园中心场所；

Secondly, around the new building site, pedestrian experience will be improved by adding new outdoor spaces such as ground level pilotis, walkway passages and waterfront platforms.

第三，沿南北轴线植入多个公共服务空间，加强社区感，新建教学楼底层的报告厅、展厅、丹顶鹤主题馆（盐城的海边湿地是丹顶鹤过冬的重要基地）成为这一连串的公共功能中的重要节点。

Thirdly, more public programs will be incorporated along the north-south axis to consolidate student services. On the ground level of the new building, there will be a multi-purpose auditorium, a student gallery, and the red-crowned crane museum which exhibits how these precious birds inhabit Yancheng’s seaside wetlands temporarily when they migrate south each winter.

类型的演绎

风雨廊桥作为一种古老的建筑类型，古今中外有很多经典案例。佛罗伦萨的老桥、剑桥康河的叹息桥、泰顺古廊桥，还有盐城水街景区的廊桥，这些廊桥既作为交通基础设施，跨越河流，连接两岸，也作为行人停留和休息的公共空间。廊桥所具有的交通连接和容纳公共活动的双重意义，契合团队对这栋新建教学楼的设想期望，廊桥激发了教学行为的场所感和想象力，而教学楼为廊桥平添了活力和实用性。

The “covered bridge”, an archaic type that dates back centuries, functions both for crossing river and accommodating public activities. The Bridge Learning Center is conceived as a modern covered bridge, superimposed by a teaching building. The covered bridge provokes a sense of place and imagination to the teaching and learning activities, whereas the teaching building adds energy and pragmatism to the bridge.

至此，“桥上教学楼”的概念逐渐成型。桥上教学楼跨河而建，既赢得了所需的建设空间，同时也直接增强了教学区和宿舍区之间的联系，重新组织了河两岸的公共空间，让河流成为了校园日常生活场景中的积极构成元素。

So far, the design concept of a “Bridge Learning Center” has gradually taken shape. The new building is to be built over the river, which not only gains the new ground, but also directly enhance the connectivity between the both sides of the river, and make a more integral campus experience.

桥上教学楼的“桥头”即主门厅，位于南岸，面向中心广场。主门厅同时也是一个300座多功能报告厅的前厅，报告厅从一层起坡至二层，其斜坡底部是桥体外部形态的直接呈现。

The main entry lobby of the building – the ‘bridgehead’ – is located on the south bank of the river, facing the central plaza. It also acts as the pre-function area of a 300-seat multi-purpose auditorium. Rising from the ground to the second level, the auditorium exposes its slope to form the image of a bridge.

从主门厅拾级而上，如同登上廊桥的台阶，来到位于二层的共享大厅，桥面在二层标高跨过河道，与北岸的教学空间相遇，并汇合成一个连续阶梯状的、有天光的多层中庭。中庭不仅作为垂直向动线空间，同时也为学生课间的丰富活动提供了场地。

Students and teachers take the main stair from the lobby, as if climbing “up the bridge”, and arrive at the public hall on the second floor. The building crosses the river on this level and merges with the teaching space on the north bank through a sky-lit atrium. The atrium provides diverse social and study areas for informal learning and collaboration outside of regular classrooms. It vertically connects the different levels by a continuous spiral cascading grand stair.

从二层中庭往下可以“下桥”途径北门厅，通向宿舍区；往上可到达屋面活动露台。

From the second level of the atrium, you can walk “down the bridge” through the north lobby, leading to the dorm zone. Stepping up in the atrium further, you could also access the rooftop terrace.

在教育变革的时代图景下，桥上教学楼是这所校园从传统公立模式向更创新多元、健康均衡的国际化教育生态转变的一种空间回应。

Against the background of today’s tremendous education reform in China, the Bridge Learning Center reflects a paradigm shift from a passive and rigid system to a more open and diversified, but also healthier and more balanced education ecology.

学生在琴房练琴的间隙可以侧目欣赏到窗外下方的河景；美术教室中局部显现的清水混凝土的桥体结构、顶部洒下的天光，让人能真切感受到当下所处的地点和周边的环境；课间时候，有了更多的同学会走出教室，来到沿河外廊上凭栏小憩；河边的亲水平台不断地迎来嬉戏活动的学生。在这里，大家既是参与者也是观察者，真应了那句话，“你站在桥上看风景，看风景的人在楼上看你。”

Students can easily enjoy the river view down below the windows while practicing in the piano rooms. The partially exposed bridge concrete structure in the art classroom, and the natural light from the ceiling skylight, let people truly be immersed in the moment and surrounding settings. During breaks, more students will walk out of the classrooms and come to the corridors along the river to rest. The riverside platform and the drawbridge form a cinematic setting, where students and teachers constantly walk by, and they are performers and audiences at once.

结构与建造

桥体在河道之上的跨度有将近二十五米，方案采用了三组预应力混凝土桁架作为跨河部分的核心结构，从三层的桁架到二层的吊柱，再到河面之上步行桥的钢吊杆，结构的呈现自上而下由重至轻，分别与各层不同的透明度需求相匹配。

To overcome the structural challenges imposed by the bridge’s 25-m long span, we use three sets of pretensioned concrete trusses. Located on the third level with full floor height, the trusses hang the tension columns on the second level, while the pedestrian drawbridge is hung by eight thin steel rods. From the trusses to the tension columns and then to the steel rods, the structure members become lighter towards the river, matching the transparency needs of different levels.

桥体三层主要为美术、音乐、琴房等艺术类教室，由于房间隔墙的存在，桁架结构在其中时隐时现，无法感知全貌，似乎在以一种不确定性挑战着常规教学空间的边界。而二层的共享大厅因为吊柱的使用，令空间获得了最大程度的透明性，一条通透的东西向视线走廊架在河面之上，提供了一个之前从未有过的感受校园的视角。

On the third floor right above the river of the Bridge Learning Center are the most of art, music and piano practicing classrooms. The room partitions hide the truss structures partially, so the whole picture of the structure can not be perceived. This seems to challenge the conventional teaching space limits with uncertain boundaries. The use of tension columns makes the second level public hall open and transparent. An east-west view corridor, unobstructed above the river, provides an unprecedented perspective of the campus.

项目施工期间，设计团队派驻场建筑师全程参与了建造过程。作为一个成本控制严苛的项目，不少过程中的难点都较大依赖了现场的及时沟通和对接，例如外立面遮阳铝百叶的细部打样、桥底木纹铝板的安装，以及室内中庭吊顶的造型。

During the construction, Perform appointed site architects to participate the entire process. As a strict budget control project, quite a few tough implementations relied on the constant and timely communication through the site architects, such as the facade shading louver mock-up, the installation of aluminum composite metal panels at the bottom of the bridge, and the form-finding of the drop ceiling of the atrium.

尤为特殊的一点是，这个房子成长在一个既有校园里，在未来使用者的关注下不断地生长，这样的环境也给了房子完善自己的机会。施工过程中，一些材料的选样和空间的具体使用问题得到了师生们的及时反馈，这应该也是场所意义形成的过程。

The unique part is that the new building grows in an existing campus, surrounded by the attentions from its future users, which actually gave the building chances to improve itself. During the construction process, we received feedback from the students and teachers regarding the material selections and space uses. This also contributes the forming of the sense of a place.

结语

项目建成后设计团队回访学校，一队学生从吊桥上走过，看到河里游着的鸭子和鹅，有好几位小朋友不禁开始大声背诵“鹅鹅鹅，曲项向天歌……”，那一刻每个人的表情是轻松和自在的，这个由学生、动物、房子、小河共同组成的场景，让人感受到了校园自己的生命力。

After the project was completed, we came back to the school. A few young students walked by the drawbridge, as they saw the ducks and geese swimming in the river, they couldn’t help but start reciting the poem “geese, geese, geese, song of the Tiange...” The scene composed of students, animals, landscape and the building, was full of the vitality and youth of the campus.

海德格尔曾说：“桥让大地聚集为河流四周的风景”。建成后的桥上教学楼成为了校园的中心，人们乐于驻足在吊桥或是架空层下休憩和交流。它重新开启了一个世界，开启了师生们对人、建筑、自然之间关系的再次认知。

As Martin Heidegger once said, “The bridge gathers the earth as landscape around the stream.” The Bridge Learning Center has become the central place of the campus. People enjoy hanging out around the drawbridge and open piloti area. It opens up a new world for students and teachers, where the relationship among human, nature and building is different from before.

学校把新大楼命名为创新中心（Innovation Center），可能很多人并不知道其实这条河的名字原本就叫做革新河。名字的由来虽无从考证，但推想应该来自上世纪五六十年代，这个名字代表了那个年代特有的精神力。“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。”或许当今天的创新中心跨越在革新河之上时，这个校园在时间的长河里开始了它新的启程。

The school named the new building “Innovation Center”. Many people may not know the name of the river was also called “Gexin River”, meaning innovation or revolution. The name’s origin is unclear, but probably came from the mass revolution movement of the 1950s and 1960s in China. It represents the unique spiritual power of that era. “The passage of time is just like the flow of water...” Perhaps when today’s Innovation Center straddles the Gexin River, the campus has begun her new journey in the mists of time.