海岸浮舟：日本尾道市政府大楼 / 日建设计

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2021.08.20 19:45

设计单位 日建设计
项目地点 日本尾道
建成时间 2020年
建筑面积 1.45万平方米

让政府大楼成为“新景点”

濑户内海作为日本最大的内海，坐拥700多个岛屿，这些岛屿构成群岛，濑户内海也以海岛的景致闻名于世。而位于濑户内海中心的尾道，被环抱在自古以来的海上交通要道尾道海峡和古刹林立的尾道三山之间。在这有限的区域空间内，庙宇与民宅鳞次栉比，坡道与小巷纵横交错，形成了“箱庭（庭院式盆景）城市”的特色景观。
Known for its beautiful archipelago of some 700 islands, Japan’s Setonaikai (Seto Inland Sea), is the largest waterway of its type in the country. Located in the center of the sea, Onomichi is surrounded by the Onomichi Channel, a key historic point for maritime traffic, and by a trio of mountains home to ancient temples.

尾道还是很多电影的取景地，并因众多文学作品而闻名，近年来其景观更被认定为“日本遗产”。此外，作为自行车爱好者的圣地，尾道也是备受国内外瞩目的旅游城市。
Used as a setting for many literary works and movies, the area’s scenery has more recently been recognized as a Japan Heritage Site. It has also become a mecca for cyclists, and attracts both domestic and overseas interest.

作为该地区的核心设施，市政府大楼不仅是市民的服务基地，还应是市民的活动基地，同时成为向游客开放的旅游服务中心。一层、二层和屋顶均设有可欣赏箱庭式景观的露台，并通过舒适的中庭楼梯相互连接。这样的设计，即便是在下班后和节假日的时间里，也能向市民和游客开放大楼。设计师要打造的不只是一座市政府的行政办公设施，更是人们乐于到访的尾道新景点。
Onomichi City Office is more than a government office building. The first and second floors and the rooftop have terraces with a view of the garden-like landscape. Connected by stairwell, they remain open to the public after office hours and on holidays. More than a municipal administrative facility, the goal was to create a government building that would also serve as a new Onomichi landmark, and a site to see.

伸向大海，拥抱城市

设计充分利用面向尾道海峡的稀有地理优势，团队想打造的不仅是“可眺望大海的政府大楼”，而是一座“位于海上的政府大楼”。向南延伸至大海的建筑形状将大海以外的一切从视野中抹去，营造出置身海上的感觉。
In making the most of its location facing the Onomichi waterway, the goal was to create not a government building with a view of the sea, but a government building on the sea. Protruding seaward to the south, the contours erase all but the sea from view, creating the sensation of floating on water.

此外，向南倾斜的造型除遮挡直射光，降低热负荷以实现节能外，建筑在北面层层递退，在相对于独栋住宅林立的市区一侧，达到既不遮挡阳光又避免压迫感的空间效果。
In addition, the southward slope of the building blocks direct light and reduces the heat load. On the other hand, its gradual setback from the north side urban area lined with detached houses is unoppressive, allowing unobstructed sunlight.

轻巧结构，灵活自由

建筑外围采用与建筑倾斜度相同的桁架柱设计，在提高水平刚度且最大限度地发挥隔震效果的同时，让外周部分集中负担水平受力，以避免在建筑内设置抗震支架，实现高度灵活的平面设计。此外，根据桁架的形状，设计通过加固基础梁柱以最大限度地减少桩数，从而降低成本和环境负荷。
Truss columns that match the building’s incline are employed around the perimeter to increase horizontal stiffness and maximize the seismic isolation effect. The truss shape also minimizes the pile count by consolidating foundation beam columns, thereby reducing construction cost and environmental impact.

唤醒五感，感受闲雅

设计意在打造一个体现尾道独特时间感的建筑，所谓“尾道时间”，即是在渡船来去间，那时光流淌的静谧悠然之感。设计建造的不是功能至上主义尊崇的同质化建筑，而是注重人体五感的感知型人性化建筑。
The objective with this design was to create an architecture that embodied unique “Onomichi time” – where ferryboats come and go and the daily pace is leisurely. A building with a human touch would be more appealing to the five senses than a “functionally supreme” homogenous structure, it was thought.

外窗扇采用通用的推拉窗，可以自由开关。办公空间不设天花板，通过安装吊扇使空气流动，打造出温湿度均匀的舒适环境。照明采用简洁的设计，只需将灯具安装到电缆架上，无需安装活动地板即可自由布线。木制百叶、抛光混凝土地面和裸钢屋檐等，都刻意选择了可容许颜色不均和存在偏差的材料，力求打造一个用户可以自由改造，随岁月增辉的闲雅建筑。
Windows can be opened and closed freely by office workers. The false ceiling was eliminated in the office space and ceiling fans installed to generate airflow with consistent temperature and humidity. The lighting is simple, with fixtures attached to cable racks which can be freely wired without the installation of raised floors. Wooden louvers, polished concrete floors, and bare steel eaves were selected to allow for some unevenness and color variation. The laid-back, customizable architecture should gain in character and appreciation as time passes.

从“习惯”到“惊艳”

作为主要产业，尾道拥有日本国内顶级规模的造船业和海运业，团队考虑将这些优秀的技术运用到建筑设计中。建筑外装采用了造船厂制造的12毫米厚的铁板，并借助地理位置的特点直接从海上运输搬入。团队利用造船厂特有的滚压成型技术，通过反复加热膨胀和冷却收缩，加工出三维曲面形状的铁板，使外装呈现出柔和的形态。
Onomichi boasts the largest shipbuilding and maritime transport industries in Japan. Thus, incorporating relevant technologies into the architectural design seemed like a superb idea. The building’s exterior is comprised of 12mm thick steel plates formed at a shipmaker and delivered directly by sea. The soft outer look was accomplished by employing the unique shipbuilder’s “gyotetsu” (roll forming) technique, in which three-dimensional shapes are processed by repeated heating and cooling.

此外，海上运输方式对材料的大小没有限制，从而实现了18米宽的外装钢板和13米见方的钢板屋檐等远超一般建筑尺度的元件规模。将造船业和海运业中司空见惯的技术运用到建筑中，达到四方的效果，也是一次超越现有建筑设计框架的有益探索。
Transporting materials by sea meant that size limits no longer applied, so that conventional architectural scales could be re-imagined: hence, the installation of 18-meter wide exterior steel plates and 13-square meter steel sheet eaves. By embracing shipbuilding and shipping technologies, the everyday was converted into the exceptional, with a "wow!” effect. The possibilities of architectural design were pushed passed their limits.

完整项目信息
项目名称：尾道市政府大楼
项目位置：广岛县尾道市
项目业主：尾道市
用地面积：7,748.74平方米
占地面积：4,156.07平方米
建筑面积：14,496.54平方米
最高高度：22.75米
建筑结构：钢结构、部分钢骨钢筋混凝土结构
建筑层数：地下1层、地上5层
建成时间：2020年