北京大院公寓T101：“老破小”现代化改造 / 诺亿设计研发

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2021.07.09 00:30

设计单位 诺亿设计研发ROOI Design and Research

项目地点 北京朝阳

建成时间 2020年6月

项目面积 50平方米

设计团队最近完成了对北京一户集体公寓的经济型改造试点。这栋始建于1953年的三层老公寓最早只是给科研单位的家属楼，曾经象征着“现代化”理想的住宅群，为一栋典型的砖混结构体系建筑，每一户50平方米的室内空间有着均质化的格局，千篇一律，受当时的观念和条件限制，居室无客厅、餐厅和洗浴功能，是新中国建国后城市民用建筑的普遍格局。

这栋建筑自从1950年代以来就开始自由地变化生长，跟随着这里的住户和时代的变迁而不断变化着，无论从内部还是外部，看起来都与其刚刚建造时候有着大不同，但本质又没有变，就好像在潮湿环境中放久的土豆不断发出新芽，这些都是生活和时代给这座建筑留下的痕迹。

曾经这里居住着中国建筑材料科学研究院的家属，但如今这里的住户混合了没有条件搬走的老住户以及一些附近的大学生。居住的人主要是因为这座公寓在城市中的价格相对便宜，但是它年久失修，缺少吸引力和新生活力。

本建筑尺度较小，当时的外部规划又留下了很大绿地空间，和如今现代化的北京高层建筑形成了鲜明对比。这里也反倒是留下了一些“有温度”的生活景象，例如一些为自家门前花园盆栽浇水的老人们的身影。

无论如何，1950年代的公寓还是老去了，但城市的年轻人仍然年轻，需要新的生活，老房子在城市里虽然便宜，但无法适应新时代。然而，在北京拆除老建筑成本极其昂贵，且该建筑也是对追求乌托邦社会的历史时期很好的纪念。所以如何让这座1950年代的集体公寓适应并融入现代城市生活的规则，并保留历史的痕迹，甚至恢复被逐渐破坏的绿化区域才是本项目的核心。

为打破旧格局，营造现代化宜居功能，设计师必须在狭小空间通过巧妙构思，设计出兼具卧室，客厅、餐厅和干湿两用卫生间，既要有老房的年代感，又不乏现代化宜居享受。建筑师认为，对于城市中的小型公寓来讲多元化和个性化才是未来，否则一切都将以中性的毫无生气的形态存在，和笼子中的母鸡没有区别。

建筑师首先清空一切不必要元素，拆除中间的老墙，打破旧有的均质化网格格局，在小小的公寓中嵌入几个“小盒子”，使得公寓在相对开放式的空间中实现不同的功能。

当代青年人的生活是丰富多样的，家不仅仅是个下班回家睡觉、起床吃饭的地方，同时也是会客和与其他人互动的空间，家的属性不仅仅是私人空间，它有时是工作室，有时是会客厅，甚至是个性的展示。北向的小木屋即是会客茶室又是临时客房，上方还可储存房主的户外运动用品，外面开放式的客厅与厨房则增加了互动性。

本项目也是广大中国室内装修大产业的小小一个角落，中国的大多数公寓、住宅室内装修其实有着比西方国家有着更多的自由性，利用这一机会反而可以尽可能做出些多样性，设计一个适合广大都市年轻人的家。如今内部空间以最经济的方式适应新时代，外立面则维持旧时代的特点，仍是1950年代的环境，彷佛站在新时代望向过去。

附文：项目英文介绍

Chinese homes have changed dramatically in size, scope, and design in the past few decades; conducted by ROOI Design and Research firm, apartment T101 is one example of an outstanding Chinese renovation project.

Initially designed to be a family dormitory for a research institution, the architectural style of the building is a typical brick-concrete structure with an interior space of 50 square meters per household. The interior spaces share the same layout, dictated by the conditions at that time, where China was still recovering from years of conflict and faced an influx of people coming to cities. There was no living room, no dining room, or shower in each household. This type of layout represents the standard post-war Chinese apartment.

Built in 1950s, this three-story post-war building witnessed history and was set to decline inevitably. In this case, the facility failed to adapt to the new nearby era despite its favorable price advantage. Therefore, this project's core was to find a way to adjust the old collective residence into modern city life and retain its previous structure, recovering the degraded green areas.

Therefore, the architect had to create a pattern with a bedroom, a living room, a dining room, and a toilet to make the apartment more private, functional, and livable.

As for Beijing, the cost of tearing down old buildings is prohibitive. Therefore, the architect and owners reached a consensus that upgrading might be an ideal solution. So they decided to experiment with creative ideas and chose to renovate one household within the building.

The architect believes that diversification and personalization are the future for small apartments in the city. Otherwise, everything will exist in a neutral and lifeless form.

Therefore, he first got rid of all unnecessary elements, demolished the old wall in the middle, broke the old grid pattern, and designed an apartment that can achieve different functions in a relatively open space.

He created an area intended for receiving guests, working from home, reading, or even practicing an indoor sport activity, which can be truly useful during these pandemic times.

The north-oriented wooden room is both a reception tea room and a temporary guest room. It contrasts with the dominant white tone and adds warmth to the house. Above the wooden enclosure, we can find a large storage facility for outdoor sports equipment and other bulky stuff.

This project is a small corner of the vast Chinese interior renovation industry. In fact, most apartments and residential interior decoration in China have more freedom than Western countries; with this in mind, The ROOI Design and Research firm proved that Chinese homes can be as diverse as possible.

完整项目信息

项目名称：北京大院公寓T101

项目地点：北京市朝阳区中国建筑材料科学研究总院

项目类型：改造

项目面积：50平方米

完工时间：2020年6月

设计范围：室内

设计单位：诺亿设计研发ROOI Design and Research

主创设计师：王左千、何丹

项目经理：沈佳记

摄影：金伟琦

石材：佰俪石（BELLE STONE）