东京天井住宅：居闹市，享自然 / 铃木理考建筑都市事务所

编译：李博超（实习生） | 校对：崔婧 | 2020.09.17 13:45

设计单位 铃木理考建筑都市事务所

项目地点 日本东京

建成时间 2019年

建筑面积 57平方米

这是一间五口之家的小住宅，家中有一对夫妇和三个子女。这里的土地价格不菲，也随着地段和可建设面积的不同而有着明显的差异。尽管业主耗费了大量财力，可利用的建设面积仅有61平方米，也只能建设一栋小房子，平均到每人只有12平方米。

This is a small house for a family of five, a couple and three children. Land prices in the city are expensive and there is a system of blatant disparities depending on location and buildable area. Even the land they managed to acquire was a harsh reality, as only a small house (61 square meters of allowable gross floor area) could be built on, with a maximum of 12 square meters per person.

在日本，房屋只有被屋顶覆盖的部分才被计入面积。因此业主选择了一个未知但大胆的选择，家中一半的空间都不设屋顶。因此包括起居室在内，这个住宅一半的空间都直接与外部环境相接触。

However, in order to escape from the logic of such an urban economy, the family chose to live without a roof over half of their house, an unknown and bold choice (In Japan, the portion with a roof is counted as floor area). So in this house, nearly half of the house's area, including the "living room," is without a roof.

因此这家人的日常生活直接暴露在天空下，而天空也是城市中仅有的广袤的景观。在房间内可以直接感受细雨、微风、落雪还有虫鸣的自然环境，每一天都是无法预料的新场景。这对视住宅为资产或生活工具的人来说，可能是难以理解的事情。

As a result, everyday life here is exposed to the sky, the only and overwhelming nature of the city. Inside the house, it rains, and the wind blows in. It snows and the bugs come. Every day of it is exposed to an unpredictable world, which must be hard to understand for those who think of their homes as assets and tools.

但这家人却乐在其中，他们使用游艇的部分配件，将其像风帆一样悬挂起来，以此用来遮挡风雨或强烈的阳光。孩子们在大雨的时候撑着伞跑来跑去，在炎热的天气又会搭建一个游泳池，夏夜中又和朋友们一起在星空下安睡。大人们也偶尔会在这里点火生烟。

But the family enjoys this life with glee. They use the fittings of a yacht and sling sheets of sun (and sometimes rain protection) like sails, and they enjoy the freedom that only this house can provide. The children run around with umbrellas on heavy rainy days, build a pool on hot days, and curl up in sleeping bags under the night sky with their friends in the summer. Adults also gather to build fires, and are burning something and making smoke.

这对夫妇还参与到部分设计和建造工作中，最初的构思草图就为他们所作。他们也喜欢购买或亲手制作家具，用平时搜集起来的小物件和灯具装饰房间。为了满足孩子们的成长需求，他们也参与房间的粉刷和窗帘的安装工作，在之后的生活中也会不断丰富家中的陈设。

The couple worked in interior design and general contracting, so the first sketches of ideas were drawn by themselves. They also like to buy and make their own furnishings, so they use the small hardware and lighting they have collected, and they construct and partially paint rooms and install shades to match their children's growing needs on a daily basis. They will continue to live in the house while building the parts of their lives that they need at any given time.

住宅的外观很简单，和周边的房子一样，使用了壁板和窗框，平面也十分精小简约，但切开的屋顶大为丰富了日常的生活空间。与天空相连，这所住宅就像城市中的一叶方舟，在城市与自然环境的交织中穿行。

The exterior of the house is simple, with siding and residential sashes like those found in other houses in the area. The plan is small and simple. However, with the roof cut off, daily life is fun and dense. Connected to the sky and the atmosphere, the house is like a small ark sailing through the city, adjusting the shade and the way it lives.