柏林自由与统一纪念碑“运动中的公民”动工，碗形“跷跷板”引导沟通合作

近日，位于德国柏林的自由与统一纪念碑“运动中的公民”（Citizens in Motion）破土动工。纪念碑由Milla & Partner事务所设计，建在柏林市中心，具有历史意义的轴线“林登大道”和“博物馆岛-卢斯特花园-柏林城市宫”在这里交汇。它是为了纪念那些在1989年让柏林墙倒塌、让德国重新统一的人们。

Construction work has begun on Germany’s Monument to Freedom and Unity. It is to be built in the centre of Berlin where the historical axes “Unter den Linden” and the “Museumsinsel-Lustgarten-Humboldt forum” meet, across from the western gate of the castle. The memorial honours the brave men and women who, in a peaceful revolution in 1989, allowed the wall to come down and Germany to be reunited.

纪念碑将建在现存的德皇威廉一世骑马塑像的基座上。可移动的碗形纪念碑和通向它的通道被设置在旧基座上，就像加建了一层现代建筑。这种分层的原则使新旧纪念碑的不同层次结合在一起，同时不模糊差异，展现此处曲折的历史。

It will be built on the existing plinth of the equestrian statue of Kaiser Wilhelm I. The movable bowl and the access ways to it are placed on the old plinth like a contemporary architectonic layer all of its own. This principle of layering makes it possible to combine the different levels of the old monument and the new without blurring the differences. The chequered history of the location is still there to see.

自由和统一不是静止的，它们需要不断地重新定义，需要不断地作出承诺。这种对过程的依赖是纪念碑的灵感基础。

Freedom and unity are not static conditions. They need to be constantly redefined and require constant commitment. This process-dependence creates the intellectual basis of the Monument to Freedom and Unity.

纪念碑被设计成一个动态的物体，当参观者使用这座纪念碑时，它就活了起来，互动的性质远远超过一般的纪念碑。游客必须沟通并合作行动，来使纪念碑动起来。如果一侧比另一侧多出至少20人，碗形的纪念碑则会开始缓慢而轻柔地移动，并打开新的视角。人们可以看到并亲身体验纪念碑的变化。

It is designed to be a movable, kinetic object. As visitors take ownership of the monument, it comes alive. It invites its visitors to communicate and to act together, far more so than is usually the case when contemplating a monument. The visitors have to communicate and decide on joint action, in order to create the motion: If there are at least 20 more people standing on one half of the bowl than on the other, the bowl will start to move, slowly and gently. New perspectives open up. The performative, changing nature of the monument is something to be seen and personally experienced.

纪念碑将使用经过重量优化的钢框架结构，这种结构也用于桥梁建设。它的纵轴与横轴分别为50米和18米。碗形结构最厚处有2.5米，边缘逐渐变薄，只有几厘米厚。

The bowl is to be built using a weight-optimised framework structure of steel components, as used for the construction of bridges. It extends over a longitudinal and lateral axis of 50 meters and 18 meters. At its thickest point, the bowl measures 2.50 meters thick and tapers to just a few centimetres at the edges.

碗形结构缓慢的运动是由它的参观者触发的。参观者的重量决定了运动的程度和速度。弹簧和阻尼系统的结合保证它的运动总是平缓的。多面金属合金面板包覆在碗的外部。上表面有紧实的高品质碎屑层，它提供了具有优异雨水渗透性能的防滑层。

The unhurried motion of the bowl is triggered by its visitors. Their weight determines the degree and speed of its movement. A combined spring and damping system means that the motion will always be gentle. Faceted metal alloy panels clad the exterior of the bowl. The upper surface is fitted with compacted high-grade chippings that adhere to the surface and provide a highly slip-proof layer with excellent rainwater seepage properties.

纪念碑的设计符合柏林建筑规范和相应的无障碍建设规定。

The safe and barrier-free use of the Monument is made possible due to its design in accordance with the Berlin construction code and the corresponding stipulations of barrier-free construction.

完整项目信息

Client: The Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Federal Commissioner for Cultural and Media Affairs (BKM), in cooperation with the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Construction and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) and the Federal Ministry for Building and Regional Planning (BBR)

Design and implementation: Milla & Partner GmbH, creative agency for spatial communication, with offices in Stuttgart and Berlin

Design and artistic lead: Sebastian Letz, Creative Director at Milla & Partner

Title of the design: Bürger in Bewegung (Citizens in Motion)

Basic form: The monument is in the shape of a bowl curving gently upwards.

Dimensions:

Width: 50m

Depth: 18m (across the lateral axis)

Accessible area: approx. 700㎡

Height (from plinth): 5.72m

Weight: approx. 150t

Load in use: 35kN/㎡

Motion: The weight of at least 20 more people on one side of the bowl than on the other will cause it to sink slowly and gently towards the heavier side. Maximum displacement is created by at least 50 people, creating a height difference of 1.5 meters, measured from the outer edge of the bowl.

Number of people (load capacity): Approximately 1400 people

Materials:

Construction of the bowl: steel framework structure

Upper surface of the bowl: compacted high-grade chippings that adhere to the surface

Exterior of the bowl: faceted light alloy panel

参考资料

[1] https://www.designboom.com/architecture/milla-partner-berlin-monument-freedom-unity-groundbreaking-06-01-2020/

[2] https://www.milla.de/en/projects/freiheits-und-einheitsdenkmal

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