Kimmel Eshkolot建筑事务所
赫茨尔山纪念堂是一个独特的纪念场所。它主要是为了纪念该国的阵亡士兵,因此纪念堂刻下了士兵的名字。这是个期许和平的建筑。
The Mount Herzl Memorial Hall is a unique place of commemoration. It’s raison d’etre is to be a memorial for all the fallen soldiers of the country, and thus contains all their names. It is a project of hope for peaceful times.
建筑基地氛围宁静平和,尽管毗邻时下耶路撒冷繁忙的街道,它却是孤独而安静的。它挖凿在山体内部,为个人和集体的纪念活动提供一处私密空间。在大厅上方,耶路撒冷石砌筑了曲线形体的屋顶,这座山体的顶部以此种方式重现。一个起伏不定的漏斗形孔洞将开放的大厅向天空打开,其不规则的涡流形状充斥着不断变化的自然光线。在屋顶的上端,有空隙的石板使得室内外空气自然流通。
Set in a calm biblical scenery, but adjacent to the nowadays busy streets of Jerusalem, the space is isolated and quiet. It was excavated in the mountain to form an intimate space for both personal and collective experiences of commemoration. Above the hall, the mountain is reconstructed of curved topographies made of Jerusalem stone. An undulating funnel-shaped formation of bricks opens the excavated hall to the sky. Its irregular vortex shape floods the space with ever- changing natural light. At the upper end of the roof, spaced stone slabs are designed to allow air flow and natural ventilation through the roof.
战士们的名字刻在石砖上,形成一个长长的名字墙,围绕着光之漏斗。由23,000块石头砖建成的墙体随着纪念堂盘旋上升,每块石头上都刻着一个倒下的士兵名字和他的死亡日期,在每年的纪念日就会点燃一支蜡烛。
The names, engraved on stone bricks, form a long Wall of Names, which wraps around the funnel of light. Following a spiral ramp up the memorial, the wall is built of 23,000 stone bricks, each engraved with the name of a fallen soldier, his death date, and a light-candle to be lit every year on that date.
纪念堂所在地被规划为历史古迹,因此,设计的重点是创建一个几乎没有任何机械系统并且完全可持续的非建筑。
The Memorial was planned as a monument, and as such, the design focused on creating a non-building that can function almost without any mechanical systems and be close to entirely sustainable.
没有空调或电气通风系统。采用漏斗设计,自然空气流通也能创造出色的温度条件,通过有空隙的石板将热空气从屋顶的上端排出,从而创造自然通风空间。
There are no air-conditioning or electrical ventilation systems. Natural air flow creates excellent temperature conditions using the funnel shape to expel hot air out of the upper end of the roof through spaced stone slabs, thus creating air flow that ventilates the place.
白昼的电力消耗为零。自然光通过建筑上方的孔洞进入,并通过光漏斗巧妙地过滤,光线因而变得更加宜人。
There is zero use of electricity for day-light. Natural light enters through the oculus and is subtly filtered through the funnel of light, flooding the space with pleasant light.
纪念堂开凿在山体内部,整个山体的热质量保持着稳定的温度,纪念堂因此获得最佳的热量条件。外部场地上覆盖着浅色的耶路撒冷石,保护建筑免受辐射。
Excavated in the mountain, the Memorial Hall obtains optimal thermal conditions. The structure’s thermal- mass, integrated within the earth, keeps a steady temperature. The exterior topography was cladded with light-colored Jerusalem stone, which protects the building from radiation.
无论是因为预算限制还是出于可持续性的原因,使用当地材料如耶路撒冷石是设计过程中的一个关键因素,这使得建筑与周围的耶路撒冷城市融为一体。纪念堂的设计目标是从外部看不突兀,并且能够回应相邻山脉和公墓的质地。
Using local materials such as the Jerusalem-stone was a key element in the design process both for budget constraints and for sustainability reasons, aiming to integrate the building with the surrounding city of Jerusalem. It is intended to be unimposing from the exterior, and to echo the texture of the adjacent mountains and cemetery.
Architecture: Kimmel Eshkolot Architects (in collaboration with Kalush Chechick Architects)
Architects in charge: Etan Kimmel, Limor Amrani
Photographer: Amit Geron
Client: Ministry of Defence – families and Commemoration Department
Structural engineering: Haim & Yehiel Steinberg Structural Engineering
Construction manager: E.D. Rahat Engineering Coordination and Management Ltd. Eliezer Rahat, Daniel Rahat
Design phase Manager and coordinator: Eran Garber E.S.L Engineers
Contractor Firm: Green Construction Ltd.
Project manager: Nadav Rubin
Engineer: Eran Rosenberg
Lighting Design: Amir Brenner Lighting Design
Light Bell optimization:
1.R/O/B Technologies - ETH Zurich
2.IDF Merkava and Armored Vehicles Directorate
Aluminum bricks manufacturer: BTI Metals Center Inc.
3D Molds manufacturer: XENOM
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