让孩子奔跑起来：莱佛士幼儿园及早教中心 / 空格建筑

魏唐辰希（实习生） | 2018.01.30 18:05

空格建筑

在风沙很大的怀来，设计提出了满足全园儿童四季可用的室内活动空间，让幼儿园小朋友可以在建筑中躲避风沙，自由奔跑。

项目背景

Project background

项目位于张家口市怀来县的中心城镇——沙城，这里海拔550多米，距离北京市中心120公里。这个地处燕山山脉北侧的县城海拔高、空气透明度好、日照强度也非常高。尤其是冬天，风沙大、太阳亮到人睁不开眼睛。它是内蒙的风沙刮进北京的最后一道屏障，地名也起得直白——沙城。当地人调侃沙城的风是“一年刮两次，一次刮半年”。

The project is located at Sha Cheng, the center of Hualai city in the province he Hebei, China，120km way from Beijing and at an altitude of 550m above sea level.The site is at a place where there are great mountains, nice air and extremely bright sun. The place is also famous its frequent and heavy wind.

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除主体幼儿园之外，建筑还需设置面向社会开放的早教中心部分以及为老师提供的宿舍楼。这三种功能，有需要的时候得互相连通，平时又需要完全隔离。

Instead of a single kindergarten, the project is actually a kindergarten complex consists of a kindergarten, a education center for children and residence for teachers. .These three functions, sometimes have to communicate with each other, but usually they need to be completely isolated.

复合功能与空间组织

Complex programming and spatial organization

根据这些先决条件，设计通过对建筑进行折线型布局，将场地分成条状肌理，用建筑体量替代围墙，对幼儿园的各个功能进行组织与区分，令面向东侧支路的建筑尺度与相邻的住宅区呼应；早教部分作为对外经营的区域，将幼儿园区域与北侧主干道隔开。褐色体量部分是有明确功能界限的房间，如早教中心、职工住宅、班级活动室、专业教室、教室办公、后勤服务区等。而白色体量则是公共性较强的活动区域，将其他功能体块连接在一起。自北向南根据建筑高度限制与日照要求，依次布置早教中心、职工住宅和幼儿园。三种功能之间分别有600毫米的高差，这些高差通过内部庭院的台阶联系起来。即是分隔，也是过渡。横跨班级活动室与职工住宅区的体育活动室，有着开阔的视野。孩子们在上体育活动课时，也可以看到操场。

The design began with the intention to put together the above-mentioned programs into a unity while maintaining its operational independence. We introduced a continuous volume that meanders on the site to divide up the site into various zones specific for different functions. The education center, which are open to the general public, were put on the north of the site to allow maximum public access to the main street with heavy traffic. Main entrances of the kindergarten were put on the east side of the site, facing a minor street with less traffic. Residences were put on the west side of the site in order to receive the best sunlight. The building masses in brown houses programs with less publicness such as classrooms, residences, offices and utility spaces while the building masses in white house public spaces that connects other programs.

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院落产生空间层次

Courtyard produces the space level

褐色与白色相间的体量之中，植入了若干大小不一的院落，比如入口小院、西侧外挂楼梯小院、后勤院落等。这些院子不仅给孩子们提供了夏天的户外活动场地，也为每个房间都提供了良好的自然通风采光。同时也作为室外与室内的过渡、缓冲空间，增加了空间层次与丰富性。

With the interwoven volumes of the brown and the white building masses, courtyards at various scales were inserted into the building at various locations such as entrance courtyard, delivery back court, side courts and etc. These courts performs as layers of buffer zones that mediates between the exterior and the interior spaces and established spatial sequence entering the building. Pragmatically speaking they also provided outdoor playground for kids in the summer and also allowed sufficient natural lighting into the rooms.

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交通即交流空间

Blurring of circulation and communication spaces

儿童需要通过奔跑、玩耍来释放能量以及认识这个世界，幼儿园的设计规范也一直强调需要户外的班级活动场地。但是在怀来，刮大风的时候，只要张嘴就会吃到一口沙子，连成年人也无法在风中站稳。设计方案提出了一个超尺度的、满足全园儿童四季可用的室内活动空间。它颠覆了以往走廊的概念，将该走廊拓宽至6米，形成中庭。长度达80多米，连接15个班级活动室。因为这个空间足够长，幼儿园的小朋友不仅可以在里面做普通的游戏，还可以进行羽毛球等活动，甚至还可以骑自行车。小朋友各个班级之间的活动也可以相互看见，产生视觉、听觉上的联系。室内设计中考虑到过大的建筑尺度会对儿童造成心理压力，在大空间的墙上嵌入一些符合幼儿尺度的小盒子，为幼儿提供了玩耍攀爬的空间。班级活动室外的橙色墙面下的小柜子，既可以用来存放孩子们室外穿的鞋，也是他们玩累了时坐下来休息的小凳子。

Since the project is located in northe China, it is particularly important to address the issue of playground spaces for kids during the winter season. Instead of providing an outdoor playground, we proposed a 6-meter-wide-and-80-meter-long linear space that performs as an indoor multi-purpose playground for children and teachers. The conventional idea of small corridors were eliminated and substituted for a communal space that encourages communication and visual and audio connections. This linear multi-purpose playground connects all the classrooms in the kindergarten and up across all three levels through atriums. Kids can perform all kinds of activities ranging from badminton, dancing to riding bicycles. Along the two sides of this big linear playground, niches were created to provide space for kids to crawl, sit or read.

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