亘建筑新作：昆山元丰路消防站

编辑：王子怡 | 校对：原源 | 2026.02.26 14:51

设计单位 亘建筑事务所

项目地点 江苏昆山

建成时间 2024年10月

建筑面积 3216平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

地块位于昆山高新区城郊，周围规划为工业园区。初到现场时，周围还是空地，西侧的小河连通南侧不远的吴淞江，它的下游就是苏州河，在上海外滩汇入黄浦江。

The site is located on the suburban edge of Kunshan High-Tech Zone, within an area planned as an industrial park. When we first visited, the area was still largely vacant land. A small canal along the western edge connects to the Wusong River a short distance to the south; downstream it becomes Suzhou Creek, which flows through Shanghai and joins the Huangpu River at the Bund.

项目一开始并没有一份完整的任务书，团队先去了解了消防员的日常。消防员需要全天候驻留在消防站，出警只是工作的一部分。值班、等待、训练、吃饭、娱乐、休息……大部分时间是在站内度过。消防站通常只被当作一个高效的装置，但其实效率并不是唯一的问题，团队认为这个设计还有一个主题：作为一个容纳日常生活的地方，空间应该怎么组织，才不会让时间太难熬。讨论过程中，有一个硬性要求始终非常明确：从接到指令到到达消防车库，必须控制在两分钟之内。刚性的需求能让设计展开变得明确，设计的很多决定，都首先围绕着这个核心。

At the beginning of the project, there was no complete brief. We started by observing the firefighters’ daily routine. Firefighters live on site around the clock; responding to emergencies is only part of their work. Duty shifts, waiting, training, meals, recreation and rest—most of their time is spent within the station. A fire station is often designed purely as an efficient machine, but efficiency alone did not seem sufficient here. We saw another question behind the program: as a place that accommodates everyday life, how should space be organized so that time does not become unbearable. Throughout the discussions, one non-negotiable requirement remained clear: from receiving an alarm to reaching the fire engine bay must be within two minutes. This rigid constraint became the anchor of the design, and many decisions were made directly in response to it.

设计把消防车库当作整个建筑的核心，它既是出警的起点，也是整个建筑秩序的中心。它被设计成一个类似厂房的空间，柱、梁、板，一层一层往上叠加，构成一个结构逻辑清晰的体系。设计希望这个空间像一个儿童装玩具车的箱子，或者一个工具箱，每一件东西都有自己的位置，一切都清晰明了地摆在那里。

We treated the fire engine bay as the core of the building. It is both the starting point for emergency response and the center of spatial order. The bay is designed as a workshop-like space, where columns, beams and slabs are stacked layer by layer in a legible structural logic. We imagined it as a child’s box for toy cars, or a toolbox: everything with its own place, and everything is laid out plainly and directly.

与传统的封闭式车库不同，车库顶部设置了通长的高窗和拔风的缝隙，以利用日光照明和自然通风。这也为这个空间赋予了一种与外界环境连通的氛围。白天，站在明亮的车库里，可以看到上方的天空，也可以透过健身空间看到南侧的庭院，车库不再只是一个储存用的盒子，而是成为日常生活可以经过的场地。电动折叠门平常是完全关闭的，在人视高的位置有一排视窗。出警时，门可以完全打开。

Unlike conventional enclosed garages, the bay is topped with continuous high windows and narrow exhaust slots to bring in daylight and enable natural ventilation. This gives the space a direct connection to the outside. In daylight, standing inside the bright garage, one can see the sky above and, through the fitness space, the south courtyard is visible. The fire engine bay is no longer only a container for vehicles, but a space within daily routine. The electric folding doors remain closed in normal conditions, with a row of viewing windows at eye level; during an emergency, they can open completely.

消防员的宿舍被安排在紧邻车库的南侧，朝向庭院，可以通过北侧的走廊快速出警。健身、办公、会议、娱乐也都围绕庭院组织。庭院是这个建筑的另一个中心——等候与日常生活的中心。

The firefighters’ dormitories are placed immediately south of the garage, facing the courtyard, with a north-side corridor that provides a fast route to dispatch. Fitness, offices, meeting rooms and recreational spaces are also organized around the courtyard. The courtyard becomes the second center of the building—a center for waiting and for everyday life.

通长的天窗被放置在几个关键位置，让车库、宿舍走廊、卫生间、楼梯间在白天都能获得自然采光。车库天窗的形式很简单，从室内看去，就是一个朝北开口的洞。天窗和屋顶都采用钢结构体系，表面涂漆，放置在清水混凝土框架之上，分别扮演了覆盖与承重的角色。

A series of continuous skylights is placed at several key positions so that the garage, dormitory corridors, bathrooms, and staircases all receive natural light during the day. The skylights above the fire engine bay is extremely simple. From inside, they appear as north-facing openings cut into the roof. Both the skylights and the roof are steel structures, painted and placed on top of the exposed concrete frame, each playing distinct roles of covering and load-bearing.

项目进行到后期时遇到疫情，消防员长时间无法外出活动，大队长希望增加一个下雨天也能打球的篮球场。这个需求虽不在最初的设想中，但却很合理。最终，团队在场地南端搭建了一个半室外的篮球场。为了尽量减少结构总量，设计采用了膜结构，并利用了原来的建筑屋顶和训练塔作为结构，辅以几根立柱，完成了这个覆盖。

In the later phase of the project, the pandemic occurred. Firefighters were unable to leave the station for extended periods, and the station commander requested a basketball court usable even on rainy days. This was not part of the initial programme, but it was a rational addition. Eventually, a semi-outdoor basketball court was built at the southern end of the site. To minimize structural mass, we adopted a tensile membrane canopy, supported by the existing roof and the training tower, together with a few additional columns.

在方案的推进过程中，车库与出警动线始终是核心，其余功能围绕它逐步展开。不同功能与车库的亲疏远近，人的行动路线、采光方向、通风方式、用餐和健身的感受，都围绕着这个中心逐步生长。这个建筑的确是高度功能化的，但围绕着这个坚硬的内核，设计希望空间不要过度紧张，让人在重复和等待之中，也能感受到一点放松和舒适。

Throughout the development of the project, the engine bay and dispatch route remained the core of the scheme, with other functions unfolding around it. The distance of each space from the garage, movement patterns, orientations for light, ventilation strategies, and the experience of eating or training were all shaped in relation to this center. The building is undeniably highly functional, yet around this hard core, we aimed to keep the spaces from becoming overly tense—so that within repetition and waiting, a measure of ease and comfort can still be felt.