AGORA，法国阿尔福国立兽医学校翻新工程 / ArtBuild Architect

编辑：楼樱 | 校对：李博超 | 2023.01.04 17:03

设计单位 ArtBuild Architect

项目地点 法国巴黎

建成时间 2022年

建筑面积 4500 平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

AGORA项目是法国阿尔福国立兽医学校（EnvA）一系列翻新工程的基石，旨在为学校提供最先进的教学和研究条件。这个标志性的教学场地位于Maisonnais地区，占地近10公顷，已被列入历史古迹附加名录，且就在不久前庆祝了其250周年诞辰。

The AGORA project is the cornerstone of a series of renovations to provide the National Veterinary School of Alfort (École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort - EnvA) campus with state-of-the-art teaching and research tools. This iconic training facility in the Maisonnais region, covering nearly 10 hectares, is listed in the supplementary register of historical monuments and has just celebrated its 250th anniversary.

新的建筑设施开启了学校久负盛名的历史新篇章。该项目建于1920年代末的Brion大楼的旧址上，其面积为4500平方米，且功能和位置双双占据了场地的中心。

The new facility opens a new chapter in the prestigious history of the school. Built on the site of the Brion building dating from the late 1920s, the AGORA project (with a surface area of 4,500 m²) occupies a central location on the site, not only because of its programme but also because of its location.

作为第一家以门诊方式治疗家畜的医院，Brion大楼在历史上可追溯到1928年的装饰艺术建筑时期。经过设计团队仔细地分析和研究，现有入口立面上的许多细节都得到了保留，建筑完美地融入了周围建筑的序列和整体校园之中。

As the first hospital to treat domestic animals on an outpatient basis, the heritage aspects of the Brion building, a remarkable example of Art-Deco architecture dating from 1928, have been carefully analysed. Many details of the existing entrance façade have been preserved and fit perfectly into the architectural sequence of the building as well as the campus.

建筑的主入口及其三扇存留的铸铁大门，位于新规划的景观轴线的末端，其端点将构成该场地的新入口，并且更加靠近现有的公共交通。

Indeed, the main entrance with its three monumental wrought iron gates is the end of a landscaped axis, the first part of which will form the new entrance to the site, closer to public transport.

在EnvA学校的设想中，本项目是一个将学生、行政人员和教师聚集在一起的统一建筑，该项目的落成已被证明是一个传递当前环境价值的机会，例如减少碳足迹、再利用和使用生物基材料。

Imagined by EnvA as a unitary and unifying building that brings together students, administrative staff and teachers, the Agora project proved to be an opportunity to convey current environmental values, such as the reduction of the carbon footprint, reuse and the use of biosourced materials.

这个“标志性”项目为校园树立了榜样，因为它是第一个以环保材料构建的建筑。除了中央核心筒之外，该项目均以木结构作为主要支撑，使得空间变得更加亲近可触。

This “iconic” project sets an example for the campus, as it is the first building with a biosourced structure. Indeed, with the exception of the central core, the project gives pride of place to wood construction, which penetrates even the most domestic of spaces with sensory touches.

项目对生态的关注还延伸到对已拆除的Brion大楼砖块再利用、对大楼北立面及其所有碎石地基的保护。新旧砖块之间的对话有助于让项目与邻近建筑形成一种真实而平静的和谐，并从中汲取灵感和尊重。

The ecological concerns also extend to the reuse of the bricks of the Brion building, which has been partly dismantled, as well as to the conservation of the northern façades of the building and of the whole of its rubble stone foundations. The ensuing dialogue between old and new bricks helps to engage the Agora building in an authentic and calming harmony with the neighbouring buildings from which it draws its inspiration and deference.

这座线形的整体式建筑采用场外预制木框架墙和实心砖作为覆层，与其拥有百年历史环境的物质性和色彩趋势进行对话。在不与校园丰富遗产产生冲突的情况下，项目通过调整自身方案来保护所有现有树木。

让郊区变得尊贵

该项目被其未来的用户想象为一个“标志性”的地方，可容纳三层功能，其中包括可通过悬挂的移动墙模块化组成的六个教学室，两个带木制阶梯、可容纳250座位的大型多功能阶梯教室以及协作工作空间，一个用于专业人士的继续教育、具备90个座位的多功能教学厅，一个多功能模型练习室（Vet'Sims），学校的所有行政服务，以及地下室的物流和存储空间。

Imagined as an “iconic” place by its future users, the AGORA will provide accommodation on three levels: six teaching rooms that can be modularised by means of suspended mobile walls, two amphitheatres with wooden stands seating 250 people each, collaborative work spaces, an 90-seat amphitheatre for the continuing education of professionals, a multi-purpose room for training on mannequins (Vet'Sims), all of the school's administrative services, as well as a logistical and storage area in the basement.

建筑团队通过提供表达与友好的场所来升华项目的再生潜力，这在校园的尺度上是相对罕见的。设计的重点放在了建筑的凹槽和角落，视觉出口的存在使得空间之间产生了连续性，并激发了用户之间的互动。

The architectural team has endeavoured to sublimate the (re)generative potential of the Agora by proposing places of expression and conviviality, which are relatively rare on the scale of the campus. Emphasis was placed on the presence of recesses and nooks, continuity and visual outlets to informal usage spaces generating interactions between users.

在项目的中心，两个面对面打开的剪刀楼梯，在空间上体现了行政人员和兽医学生之间新发现的共生关系。这个位于行政和教育部门之间的动态空间在交流、会议和互动方面发挥着重要作用。这些路径既彼此独立又相互连接，作为真正的催化剂，使得两个先前被分隔的部门之间产生了新的联系。

In the heart of the Agora, two opposing staircases open onto each other, spatially embodying this new-found symbiosis between administrative staff and veterinary students. This dynamic space between the administration and teaching sectors plays an essential role in mixing, meeting and interacting. Acting as a genuine catalyst, these multiple separate yet connected paths generate new connections between two spheres that were previously sealed off.

一系列的金属雨篷连接了从外部到内部的通道。大厅的木制天花板从庭院起始，延伸到办公室和会议室，以及协作空间。这些与学生生活、教学、管理息息相关的建筑体量和面积有序地串联着，使用者可以直观地感受到空间的秩序。

A series of metal canopies articulate the passage from the outside to the inside. From the wooden ceiling of the hall plunging into the patio, to the offices and meeting rooms, along with the collaborative spaces, the user indulges in an intuitive reading of the volumes and areas of student life, teaching and administration, which are sequentially linked.

“四手联合”的设计

项目利用木材的结构优势，将传统和现代领域的信念和严谨结合在一起。它的设计需要建筑和工程之间强有力的交织协作，以摆脱场地的许多监管和施工限制，同时又不忽视阿尔福国立兽医学校对质量、环境和美学的期许。项目在经过仔细和慎重考虑之后有技巧地进行叠加，保留了现有的基础，使建筑得以独立于现有的结构体系；并在满足新的功能要求的同时，采用一种独特的、当代的线条风格。

The Agora project combines the spheres of heritage and modernity rigorously and with conviction by taking advantage of the structural assets of wood. Its design required a strong and collaborative interweaving of architecture and engineering in order to break free from the numerous regulatory and construction constraints of the site, without losing sight of the qualitative, environmental and aesthetic expectations of the National Veterinary School of Alfort. A skilful and carefully thought-out superimposition of the programme and the existing foundations to be preserved made it possible not to be dependent on the existing structure and to adopt a singular style with contemporary lines, while at the same time satisfying the functional challenges.

木结构系统在很大程度上促成了这项工作的成功，因其有低于五倍钢筋混凝土的密度，并且设计使用了成熟的技术解决方案：大跨度胶合层压木材、实木、CLT面板等材料皆用于其中并发挥所长。为了防止上层建筑因地基尺寸和几何形状的不同而受到经济损失，设计团队实施了基于1.2米框架的严格结构。该排布可以均匀地分配施加在地基上的载荷，同时也可以避免在预制过程中产生废料。

Timber construction systems have played a major role in the success of this exercise, thanks to a density five times lower than reinforced concrete and the use of a wide range of technical solutions: long-span glulam, solid wood, CLT panels. To prevent impairment of the superstructure in economic terms by the heterogeneous dimensions and geometries of the foundations, the design teams implemented a rigorous structure based on a 1.20 m grid. This design ensures that the loads applied to the foundations are evenly distributed and that no material is lost during the prefabrication process.

ATEX建筑技术验证

如果不通过创新拓宽建筑中木材的使用领域，就不可能通过鼓励使用木结构，来应对钢铁和混凝土行业中普遍存在的技术挑战。

Restricting and encouraging the use of structural timber, generally in favour of concrete and steel, to meet technical challenges was not possible without expanding the current application of timber in the construction industry through innovation.

事实上，在竞赛阶段向客户建议的建设方案——在木结构建筑中使用实砖作为外墙——已不再包含在2019年5月更新的法国建筑标准技术统一文件（NF DTU 31.2 P 21-204-1-1标准和NF DTU 20.1）中。因此，设计团队获得的在木框架上安装双层砖砌体墙的ATEX建筑技术B程序的验证，其有效性仅限于AGORA项目。

Indeed, the construction solution suggested to the client during the competition phase - combining the mineral qualities of the solid brick cladding and the load-bearing timber structure - was no longer covered by the May 2019 update of the NF DTU 31.2 P 21-204-1-1 standard and the NF DTU 20.1 standard. As a result, the group obtained validation of a case B ATEX procedure (the validity of which is limited to the AGORA project) concerning the installation of a double brick masonry wall on a timber frame wall.

“既存”是环境友好建筑的灵感来源

从竞赛阶段开始，团队的愿望是最大化利用数据、利害关系、项目资源，以提高建筑质量和对环境的尊重。这涉及利用现有的物质资源并重新利用它们，以传承和延续历史遗产：

From the competition phase, the group's desire was to highlight the data, challenges and resources of the project to highlight the quality of the building and respect for its environment. This involves taking advantage of the existing material resources and repurposing them for the benefit of handing down and continuing the heritage:

保留并整合三个部分的承重砖外墙。
保护和翻新三扇装饰艺术风格的铸铁双门，原有玻璃被单层隔热玻璃取代，中央双开门由于法规要求采用了自动开启系统。
从Brion大楼回收、重构和再利用大约10,000块陶土砖，这些砖块在立面上被重复使用，组成了阶梯教室的闸室。
保护和修复现有的碎石地基以支撑上层木质建筑。
就地平衡挖/填土和路堤，以填埋不合理的地下室走廊。
Conservation and incorporation of the three load-bearing brick façades into the Agora project.
Conservation and renovation of three wrought-iron double gates in the Art Deco style. The glazed parts have been replaced by single-pane thermal glass. The central double door was the subject of a regulatory exemption by incorporating an automatic opening system
Recovery, deconstruction and reuse of approximately 10,000 clay bricks from the Brion building. The bricks were reused in the façade to form the amphitheatre airlocks.
Conservation and rehabilitation of the existing rubble foundation as a support for the timber superstructure.
Balancing of cut/fill soil in situ for the obstruction of dead-end basement galleries.

尽管该项目不做任何特别严格的要求，但设计团队倾向于使用来自回收渠道的生物材料，以大幅减少项目的碳足迹：

Although the programme does not include any particularly restrictive requirements, the design team advocated the use of bio-based and recycled materials to drastically reduce the project's carbon footprint:

承重结构主要由木材和生物来源的绝缘材料（木框架之间的木纤维板）制成。
铺设由回收的渔网和纤维制成的地毯。
在天花板/墙壁上安装木纤维板作为声学校正。
该建筑与Alfortville城市群的供热网络相连。
为在屋顶安装光伏板做预留。
The load-bearing structure is mainly made of wood and biosourced insulation (wood fibre panels between frames in wood-frame walls).
Fitting of carpets made of recycled fishing nets and fibres.
Fitting of wood fibre panels as acoustic correction in the ceiling/wall.
The building is connected to the urban heating network of the Alfortville urban area.
Conservative measure for the future installation of photovoltaic panels on the roof.

作为历史遗产环境的一部分，需要通过预测未来的用途并关注空间的灵活性和演变来延迟项目的过时：

Being part of a heritage context means postponing the obsolescence of the project by anticipating future uses and relying on the flexibility and further development of spaces:

可移动墙被悬挂在教室之间，使得教室可以扩展到超过160平方米的空间（开放式配置）。
BLC横梁使得工作场所之中没有柱子。
可对外开放的统一区域，即“论坛”区域，由大厅、两个阶梯教室、更衣室和教室组成，可提供讲座活动的区域。
减少新的砖块之间的砂浆以预测其解构情况（活接缝）。
应对未来学校的扩招（与计划相比增加了90个席位）。
Suspended mobile walls between classrooms to create classrooms of more than 160m² (in open configuration).
Crossing of BLC beams for column-free workspaces.
Possible coactivity of the “Forum” areas _hall, two amphitheatres, cloakrooms_ and teaching areas if the conference spaces are made available to an external provider.
Reduction of mortar between the new bricks to anticipate their deconstruction (butt joint).
Increasing the programme requirements in anticipation of the expansion of student classes (90 additional seats compared to the programme).

该项目在毫无妥协的情况下，致力于服务使用者和他们所处的环境，并通过提供一个冷静的、实用的以及创新的建筑来应对场地的再生和环境挑战。获得ATEX认证为建筑系统提供了新的前景，并且见证了矿物元素（砖元素）在立面上的回归以及木结构的日益普及。该项目在不影响其未来发展的基础上，通过利用过去的优势，迎接了本世纪的挑战，同时提供了一个慷慨、亲自然且热情的建筑。

The Agora project combines the spheres of heritage and modernity with conviction and rigour by making the most of the structural advantages of wood to free itself from the numerous regulatory and construction constraints of the site, without losing sight of the qualitative and aesthetic expectations of the National Veterinary School of Alfort.

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