扎哈事务所新作：Eleftheria广场，从防御工事到活力公园

设计单位  扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所

项目地点  塞浦路斯，尼科西亚

项目面积  35300平方米（开放面积）、7175平方米（室内面积）

建成时间  2021年

尼科西亚巨大的威尼斯式防御工事将老城与现代街区分隔开来，而该市的“绿线”将首都分为两个截然不同的社区。扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所设计的Eleftheria广场，将作为城市的主要聚集空间，创建新的连接，旨在将分割的城市空间统一起来。

Nicosia’s massive Venetian fortifications separate the old city from its modern districts, while the city’s ‘Green Line’ divides the capital into two disparate communities. Establishing Eleftheria Square as the city’s primary gathering space, Zaha Hadid Architects’ (ZHA) design creates new connections intended to unite a divided capital. 

Eleftheria广场位于尼科西亚的中心附近，毗邻威尼斯式的城墙和环绕城市、已经干枯的护城河。这些坚固的防御墙始建于中世纪，并在16世纪由威尼斯人大规模重建，划定了首都最古老部分的边界，将老城与城墙外的新区分隔开来。

Located near the centre of Nicosia, Eleftheria Square is adjacent to the Venetian Walls and the dry moat that encircles the city. Constructed in the Middle Ages and extensively rebuilt by the Venetians in the 16th century, these substantial defensive walls define the boundary of the oldest part of the capital, dividing the ancient city from the new districts outside the walls. 

设计师将Eleftheira广场设想为一个更大的城市规划的初始阶段，它可能成为城市空间统一起来的催化剂。该设计确保了观赏威尼斯式城墙的无障碍视野，将这些防御工事作为尼科西亚特征之一。

ZHA envisioned Eleftheira Square as the initial phase of a much larger urban plan that could be a catalyst for the reunification of the capital. The design ensures unobstructed views of the Venetian Walls, establishing these fortifications as an integral part of Nicosia’s identity, while also opening the dry moat for public use to create an orbital park that surrounds the city. 

同时，该设计也为公众开放了干涸的护城河，创造了一个环绕城市的轨道公园，将以前难以进入的护城河区域改造为新的市民广场、花园和棕榈林荫道，成为城市的“绿带”。新公共空间沿着古城墙延伸，环绕尼科西亚，重新为分隔的社区建立连接。

Transforming previously inaccessible areas of the moat with new civic plazas, gardens and palm-lined promenades, the moat can become a ‘green belt’ around the city. ZHA’s design proposes these new public spaces within the moat are extended to follow the ancient city walls and encircle Nicosia, reconnecting communities of this divided capital. 

护城河内的广场的设计抬升了护城河的地形，创建了一座与周围街道景观相适应的高架桥梁，与城市的城市肌理建立了直接的联系，并在首都中心形成一个新的公共广场。

The Eleftheria Square design elevates the topography of the moat to create an upper level bridge that meets the surrounding streetscape, establishing direct connections with the city’s urban fabric and defining a new public square in the heart of the capital. 

新城市公园的流体几何轮廓，是通过对古代防御工事的不规则形式进行三角划分，创建而成。通过建立“强度”点，以设置新公园内的座位、花坛、水景。

Transformed into an urban park, the moat’s fluid geometries have been created through the process of triangulating the irregular forms of the ancient fortifications to establish points of ‘intensity’ that define seating, flowerbeds or water features within the new park.

花岗岩的铺地传达了永恒的坚固性，而花岗岩板之间的开放缝隙则形成被动的雨水排水系统，可在护城河场地内种植树木，自然平衡地下水位，并减少对中世纪墙基础的侵蚀。

The moat’s granite paving conveys a timeless solidity, while open joints between the granite slabs create a passive rainwater drainage system that allows the new trees planted within the moat to naturally balance groundwater levels and reduce erosion of the medieval walls’ foundations. 

作为尼科西亚最大的市民广场，Eleftheira广场用于举办节日和公共活动，其上部的桥梁和支撑柱由混凝土制成，雕塑般的形式确保了这个地震区域的结构完整性，每根柱子的底部都可以作为座位使用。

As the largest civic plaza in Nicosia, Eleftheira Square has been designed to host festivals and public events; its upper level bridge and supporting columns are crafted in concrete, their sculptural forms ensure structural integrity in this seismic region and the base of each column morphs into seating.

广场的改造经历了大量的考古发掘，以及修复和保护历史悠久的威尼斯式城墙的工作。重建项目还包括广场内的两个咖啡馆和新的地下停车场。停车场位于Omirou大道上，带有入口坡道。楼梯和电梯直接连接到Solomos广场的公交终点站。

The renovation of the square involved extensive archaeological excavations together with works to repair and protect the historic Venetian Walls. The redevelopment also includes two cafes within the square and the new underground parking lot with an access ramp on Omirou Avenue. Stairs and elevators directly connect with the bus terminal in Solomos Square. 

此次改造将尼科西亚丰富的历史与对未来的坚定乐观交织在一起，连接威尼斯式城墙和护城河公园，成为通往旧城的重要门户。地下停车场将汽车从古老城市的街道上移除，步行街提高了历史街区的城市感受，同时也为城市的居民和游客创造新的公共花园和广场。

ZHA’s transformation of Eleftheria Square weaves together Nicosia’s rich history with an unwavering optimism for the future. Bridging the Venetian Wall and moat, the square becomes an important gateway to the old city, its underground parking removing cars from the ancient city’s streets to enable further pedestrianisation that enhances the urban realm of this historic district while also creating new public gardens and plazas to be enjoyed by residents and visitors to the city.

设计图纸 ▽

完整项目信息

Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) 

Design: Zaha Hadid, Patrik Schumacher, Christos Passas 

ZHA Competition team: Christos Passas (Design Director), Saffet Bekiroglu, Viviana Muscettola, Michele Pasca di Magliano, Daniel Fiser, Ceyhun Baskin, Inanc Eray 

ZHA Schematic Design Team: Stella Nikolakaki (Design Lead), Sevil Yazici (Design Lead), Sylvia Georgiadou, Takang Hsu, Phivos Skroumbelos and Marilena Sophocleus (Landscape), Chrysi Fradellou, Edward Sorgeloose, Vladimir Tschaly 

ZHA Design Development: Dimitris Akritopoulos (Design Lead), Bence Pap (Design Lead), Kwanphil Cho, Reza Esmaeeli, Chrysi Fradellou, Raul Forsoni, Thomas Frings, Jesus Garate, Irene Guerra, George Giokalas, Spyridon Kaprinis, Javier Ernesto Lebie, Carlos Luna, Vincent Nowak, Anna Papachristoforou, Sophia Papageorgiou, Vivian Pashiali, Ivan Ucros Polley, Matthew Richardson, Michail Roidis, Hendrik Rupp, Andri Shalou, Vladimir Tschaly, Leo Alves, Megan Burke (Landscape), Eleni Mente (Landscape), David McDowell (Administration) 

ZHA Project Supervision Team: Electra Mikelides, Dimitris Kolonis, Stella Nikolakaki, Vivian Pashiali, Christos Sazos, Nicos Yiatros, Christina Christodoulidou, Maria-Eleni Bali 

Consultants 

On-site Engineers: Eleni Loizou, Remos Achilleos 

Structural Engineers: ASD Hyperstatic Engineering [Limassol]; Andros Achilleos (Principal Engineer), Michalis Allayiotis (Project Engineer) 

MEP Engineers: UNEMEC [Nicosia]; Lakis Pipis (Director in-charge), Andreas Karayiannis and Trevor Colett (Directors), Chris MacFarlane, Kleovoulos Kasoulides, George Lerides, Kypros Tziakouris (Electrical Engineers -supervision stage) Kostas Archeos (Supervising Electrical Engineer) Panayiotis Ktorides (Mech. Engineer) 

Lighting: Kardorff Lichtplanung Ing. [Berlin]; Volker Kardorff (Principal), Stefan Krauel (Project Designer) 

Accessibility Consultants: David Bonnett Associates; David Bonnett 

MTCW; Klelia Petridou 

Traffic Consultants: SKM Colin Buchanan; Andreas Markides (CEO), Colin Firth (Director) 

Project Management/Coordination Team: Modinos & Vrahimis Associates; Saverios Vrahimis (Director), Anna Lyssandridou 

Client Project Management Team: Agni Petridou (Project Coordinator), Maria Ioannou, Maria Georgiou, Foivos Tsappas, Georgiana Loizides 

Cost Consultants: MDA Cyprus; Stephanos Andreou (Director In Charge), Niki Stavrou 

Advisors: Lekton [Cyprus]; Andy Sphicas, Soula Iacovidou 

The Concrete Center [UK] 

Beton Centrum [NL]

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